Lunar Orbiter photographic atlas of the near side of the Moon : with 619 illustrations and a CD-ROM

In 1967, Lunar Orbiter Mission 4 sent back to Earth a superb series of photographs of the surface of the Moon, despite severe degradation caused by scanning and the reconstruction processes involved in transmission from lunar orbit. Using 21st century techniques, Charles Byrne - previously System Engineer of the Apollo Program for Lunar Orbiter Photography - has removed almost all the artifacts and imperfections to provide a comprehensive and beautifully detailed set of images of the lunar surface. The book has been organized to make it easy for astronomers to use, enabling ground-based images and views to be compared with the Orbiter photographs. The photographs are striking for their consistent Sun angles (for uniform appearance). All features are identified with their current IAU-approved names, and each photograph is located in terms of latitude and longitude. To help practical astronomers, all the photographs are systematically related to an Earth-based view. Springer 1852338865 1 Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon 3 Title Page 3 Copyright Page 4 Preface 5 Table of Contents 8 Chapter 1 Overview of the Atlas 10 1.1. Content 10 1.2. How to Use This Atlas 10 1.3. Large-Scale Maps 11 Chapter 2 Lunar Orbiter Mission 4 14 2.1. The Mission 14 2.2. Mission Design 14 2.3. The Cameras 14 2.4. The Film 14 2.5. Scanning and Reconstruction 16 2.6. Scanning Artifacts 16 2.7. Cleaning the Images 16 Chapter 3 Overview of the Near Side of the Moon 17 3.1. Origin of the Moon 17 3.2. The Near Side Versus the Far Side 17 3.3. Mare and Highlands 17 3.4. Basins 18 3.5. Landmarks for Geography 18 3.6. Descriptions of Landmark Regions 18 Orientale Basin Region 19 Humorum Basin Region 19 Imbrium Basin Region 19 Nectaris Basin Region 19 Serenitatis Basin Region 19 Eastern Basins Region 19 North Polar Region 19 South Polar Region 19 3.7. The Ages of the Lunar Features 19 Estimating Ages 19 Named Age Ranges 19 Chapter 4 Organization of the Photos 20 Chapter 5 Orientale Basin Region 22 5.1. Overview 22 Orientale, the Archetype Multi-Ringed Basin 22 Crater Morphology as a Function of Size 23 Surroundings of the Orientale Basin 23 5.2. High-Resolution Images 23 Chapter 6 Humorum Basin Region 64 6.1. Overview 64 Basins, Maria, and Highlands 64 Apollo Landings 65 6.2. High-Resolution Images 65 Chapter 7 Imbrium Basin Region 109 7.1. Overview 109 The Imbrium Basin 109 Oceanus Procellarum 109 Fra Mauro Formation 110 7.2. High-Resolution Images 111 Chapter 8 Nectaris Basin Region 164 8.1. Overview 164 Basins, Maria, and Highlands 164 Apollo Landing 165 8.2. High-Resolution Images 165 Chapter 9 Serenitatis Basin Region 209 9.1. Overview 209 Serenitatis Basin 210 Apollo Landings 210 9.2. High-Resolution Images 210 Chapter 10 Eastern Basins Region 253 10.1. Overview 253 The Crisium Basin 253 The Australe Basin 253 The Smythii Basin 253 10.2. High-Resolution Images 253 Chapter 11 North Polar Region 272 11.1. Overview 272 Mare Frigoris 272 The Humboldtianum Basin 273 The North Polar Highlands 273 The North Pole 273 11.2. High-Resolution Images 273 Chapter 12 South Polar Region 300 12.1. Overview 300 Western Sector of the South Polar Region 300 Central Sector of the South Polar Region 300 Eastern Sector of the South Polar Region 300 The South Pole 300 12.2. High-Resolution Images 301 Glossary 332 References 333 General Index 334 IAU Named Features 335 ISBN-13:,9783642052873 ISBN-13: 9783642052873 The primary purpose of this text is to document many of the lessons that have been learned during the author ́ s more than forty years in the field of blast and shock. The writing therefore takes on an historical perspective, in some sense, because it follows the author ́ s experience. The book deals with blast waves propagating in fluids or materials that can be treated as fluids. It begins by distinguishing between blast waves and the more general category of shock waves. It then examines several ways of generating blast waves, considering the propagation of blast waves in one, two and three dimensions as well as through the real atmosphere. One section treats the propagation of shocks in layered gases in a more detailed manner. The book also details the interaction of shock waves with structures in particular reflections, progressing from simple to complex geometries, including planar structures, two-dimensional structures such as ramps or wedges, reflections from heights of burst, and three-dimensional structures. Intended for those with a basic knowledge of algebra and a solid grasp of the concepts of conservation of mass and energy, the text includes an introduction to blast wave terminology and conservation laws as well as a discussion of units and the importance of consistency As An Editor Of The International Scienti?c Journal Shock Waves, I Was Asked Whether I Might Document Some Of My Experience And Knowledge In The ?eld Of Blast Waves. I Began An Outline For A Book On The Basis Of A Short Course That I Had Been Teaching For Several Years. I Added To The Outline, ?lling In Details And Including Recent Devel- Ments, Especially In The Subjects Of Height Of Burst Curves And Nonideal Explosives. At A Recent Meeting Of The International Symposium On The Interaction Of Shock Waves, I Was Asked To Write The Book I Had Said I Was Working On. As A Senior Advisor To A Group Working On Computational ?uid Dynamics, I Found That I Was Repeating Many Useful Rules And Conservation Laws As New People Came Into The Group. The Transfer Of Knowledge Was Hit And Miss As Questions Arose During The Normal Work Day. Although I Had Developed A Short Course On Blast Waves, It Was Not Practical To Teach The Full Course Every Time A New Member Was Added To The Group. This Was Suf?cient Incentive For Me To Undertake The Writing Of This Book. I Cut My Work Schedule To Part Time For Two Years While Writing The Book. This Allowed Me To Remain Heavily Involved In Ongoing And Leading Edge Work In Hydrodynamics While Documenting This Somewhat Historical Perspective On Blast Waves. In 1967, Lunar Orbiter Mission 4 sent back to Earth a superb series of photographs of the surface of the Moon, despite severe degradation caused by scanning and the reconstruction processes involved in transmission from lunar orbit.Using 21st-century techniques, Charles Byrne - previously responsible for Lunar Orbiter support to the Apollo program at Bellcore, which provided system engineering for NASA headquarters - has removed almost all the artifacts and imperfections to provide a comprehensive and beautifully detailed set of images of the lunar surface.The book has been organized to make it easy for astronomers to use, enabling ground-based images and views to be compared with the Orbiter photographs. The photographs are striking for their consistent Sun angles (for uniform appearance). The lunar features are identified with their current IAU-approved names, and each photograph is located in terms of latitude and longitude. To help practical astronomers, all the photographs are systematically related to an Earth-based view. In 1967, Lunar Orbiter Mission 4 sent back to Earth a superb series of photographs of the surface of the Moon, despite severe degradation caused by scanning and the reconstruction processes involved in transmission from lunar orbit. Using 21st century techniques, Charles Byrne¡ - previously System Engineer of the Apollo Program for Lunar Orbiter Photography -¡ has removed almost all the artifacts and imperfections to provide a comprehensive and beautifully detailed set of images of the lunar surface. The book has been organized to make it easy for astronomers to use, enabling ground-based images and views to be compared with the Orbiter photographs.¡ The photographs are striking for their consistent Sun angles (for uniform appearance).¡ All features are identified with their current IAU-approved names, and each photograph is located in terms of latitude and longitude.¡ To help practical astronomers, all the photographs are systematically related to an Earth-based view. ¡ In 1967, Lunar Orbiter Mission 4 sent back to Earth a superb series of photographs of the surface of the Moon, despite severe degradation caused by scanning artifacts and the reconstruction processes involved in transmission from lunar orbit.Using 21st century techniques, Charles Byrne – previously System Engineer of the Apollo Program for Lunar Orbiter Photography – has removed the artifacts and imperfections to produce the most comprehensive and beautifully detailed set of images of the lunar surface.The book has been organized to make it easy for astronomers to use, enabling ground-based images and views to be compared with the Orbiter photograph. All features have been identified with their current IAU-approved names, and each photograph has been located in terms of latitude and longitude. To help practical astronomers, all the photographs are systematically related to an Earth-based view. In 1967, Lunar Orbiter Mission 4 sent back to Earth a superb series of photographs of the surface of the Moon, despite severe degradation caused by scanning artifacts and the reconstruction processes involved in transmission from lunar orbit. Using 21st century techniques, Charles Byrne - previously System Engineer of the Apollo Program for Lunar Orbiter Photography - has removed the artifacts and imperfections to produce the most comprehensive and beautifully detailed set of images of the lunar surface Removes the scanning artefacts and transmission imperfections to produce a most comprehensive and beautifully detailed set of images of the lunar surface. To help practical astronomers, all the photographs are systematically related to an Earth-based view. Organized to make it easy for astronomers to use, enabling ground-based images and views to be compared with the Orbiter photographs. The atlas presents full coverage of the nearside of the Moon with a series of photos all taken from orbit by Lunar Orbiter 4, with a nearly vertical viewpoint and sunlight at approximately 20 degrees () from the horizontal.