Low Thermal Expansion Glass Ceramics (Schott Series on Glass and Glass Ceramics) (Schott Series on Glass and Glass Ceramics)

This completely revised edition features new sections on glass-ceramic applications and their performance, CDC-grinding, and laser gyroscopes containing Zerodur®., providing an overview of Schott's activities for scientists, engineers, and managers. Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES -- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES -- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha -- Roland Dudek ... [et al.] Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES -- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha -- Roland Dudek ... [et al.] -- Helga Götz ... [et al.] Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES -- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha -- Roland Dudek ... [et al.] -- Helga Götz ... [et al.] -- Manfred Borens ... [et al.] Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES -- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha -- Roland Dudek ... [et al.] -- Helga Götz ... [et al.] -- Manfred Borens ... [et al.] -- Werner Kiefer -- ZERODUR® - A LOW THERMAL EXPANSION GLASS CERAMIC FOR OPTICAL PRECISION APPLICATIONS Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES -- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha -- Roland Dudek ... [et al.] -- Helga Götz ... [et al.] -- Manfred Borens ... [et al.] -- Werner Kiefer -- ZERODUR® - A LOW THERMAL EXPANSION GLASS CERAMIC FOR OPTICAL PRECISION APPLICATIONS -- Wolfgang Pannhorst Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES -- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha -- Roland Dudek ... [et al.] -- Helga Götz ... [et al.] -- Manfred Borens ... [et al.] -- Werner Kiefer -- ZERODUR® - A LOW THERMAL EXPANSION GLASS CERAMIC FOR OPTICAL PRECISION APPLICATIONS -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- Rüdiger Hentschel ... [et al.] Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES -- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha -- Roland Dudek ... [et al.] -- Helga Götz ... [et al.] -- Manfred Borens ... [et al.] -- Werner Kiefer -- ZERODUR® - A LOW THERMAL EXPANSION GLASS CERAMIC FOR OPTICAL PRECISION APPLICATIONS -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- Rüdiger Hentschel ... [et al.] -- Hartmut Höness ... [et al.] Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES -- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha -- Roland Dudek ... [et al.] -- Helga Götz ... [et al.] -- Manfred Borens ... [et al.] -- Werner Kiefer -- ZERODUR® - A LOW THERMAL EXPANSION GLASS CERAMIC FOR OPTICAL PRECISION APPLICATIONS -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- Rüdiger Hentschel ... [et al.] -- Hartmut Höness ... [et al.] -- Ernst-Dieter Knohl Overview / -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS -- Gerd Müller -- Ulrich Schiffner -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES -- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha -- Roland Dudek ... [et al.] -- Helga Götz ... [et al.] -- Manfred Borens ... [et al.] -- Werner Kiefer -- ZERODUR® - A LOW THERMAL EXPANSION GLASS CERAMIC FOR OPTICAL PRECISION APPLICATIONS -- Wolfgang Pannhorst -- Rüdiger Hentschel ... [et al.] -- Hartmut Höness ... [et al.] -- Ernst-Dieter Knohl -- Reiner Haug ... [et al.] Overview /-- Wolfgang Pannhorst-- THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS-- Gerd Müller-- Ulrich Schiffner-- Wolfgang Pannhorst-- GLASS CERAMICS FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES-- Eva Willhauk, Ruban Harikantha-- Roland Dudek ... [et al.]-- Helga Götz ... [et al.]-- Manfred Borens ... [et al.]-- Werner Kiefer-- ZERODUR® - A LOW THERMAL EXPANSION GLASS CERAMIC FOR OPTICAL PRECISION APPLICATIONS-- Wolfgang Pannhorst-- Rüdiger Hentschel ... [et al.]-- Hartmut Höness ... [et al.]-- Ernst-Dieter Knohl-- Reiner Haug ... [et al.]-- Alfred Jcaobsen, Thomas Marx. 3540241116......Page 1 Contents......Page 13 1.1 The Invention of Low Expansion Glass Ceramics......Page 17 1.2 Basic Research......Page 18 1.3 Main Fields of Application......Page 19 1.4 Current Developments......Page 22 1.5 Other Glass Ceramics......Page 23 References......Page 26 2.1.1 Crystal Structures......Page 29 2.1.2 Compositional Ranges and Stability......Page 31 2.1.3 Thermal Expansion......Page 36 2.1.4 Conclusions......Page 40 2.2 Nucleation in Parent Glasses for Lithia Alumino-Silicate Glass Ceramics......Page 41 2.3 Glass Ceramics Based on Lithium-Alumino-Silicate Solid Solution Crystals......Page 55 References......Page 62 3.1 Cooking Systems with Ceran®: High-Tech Appliances for the Kitchen......Page 67 3.2.2 Heat Flow......Page 75 3.2.3 Transmission, Temperature–Time Loading......Page 79 3.2.4 Heating Elements......Page 81 3.2.5 Gas-Fired Systems......Page 82 3.2.6 Thermal Stress in Ceran® Cooktop Panels......Page 83 3.2.7 Compaction Stress......Page 90 3.2.8 Mechanical Strength......Page 92 3.2.10 Electric Demands......Page 93 3.2.12 Electronic Touches and Controls for Glass Ceramic Cooktops......Page 94 3.2.13 Assembly of Cooking Systems Equipped with Ceran®......Page 96 3.3.1 Development of Glass Ceramic Materials......Page 97 3.3.2 Composition of Low-Expansion Glass Ceramics......Page 100 3.3.3 Decoration......Page 103 3.3.4 Composition of Ceramic Colors......Page 104 3.3.5 Production......Page 105 3.3.6 Batch Materials......Page 107 3.3.7 Melting......Page 108 3.3.8 Hot Forming of Glass Ceramics......Page 109 3.3.10 Glass Cutting and Stacking......Page 111 3.3.12 Secondary Processes......Page 112 3.3.13 Screen Printing......Page 115 3.3.14 Ceramization Process......Page 116 3.4 Robax® Transparent Glass Ceramic......Page 119 3.4.1 Robax Technical Data......Page 120 3.4.2 Development and Production – Use of Robax® as Stove and Fireplace Sight Panels......Page 121 3.4.3 Bending of Robax®......Page 122 3.5.1 Thermal Toughening of Low-Expansion Glass Ceramics......Page 123 3.5.2 Chemical Strengthening of Low-Expansion Glass Ceramics......Page 125 3.5.3 Surface Strengthening by Surface Crystallization......Page 128 References......Page 132 4.1.1 Laboratory Development......Page 136 4.1.2 Development of the Technology for Large Castings......Page 145 4.1.3 Properties......Page 151 4.1.4 Internal Quality......Page 155 4.1.5 Delivery Shapes, Dimensions, and Tolerances......Page 156 4.1.6 Development of Zerodur M®......Page 157 4.2 Conventional Production of Zerodur®......Page 160 4.2.1 Melting......Page 161 4.2.2 Hot Forming......Page 163 4.2.3 Annealing and Ceramizing......Page 165 4.2.4 Machining......Page 169 4.2.5 Quality Assurance......Page 170 4.3.1 Thin Menisci......Page 172 4.3.2 Lightweight Mirrors......Page 202 4.3.3 Thin-Walled Cylinders......Page 208 4.4.1 Introduction......Page 219 4.4.2 Lapping of Aspherical Surfaces......Page 220 4.4.3 Polishing of Aspherical Surfaces......Page 221 4.5.1 Length Stability......Page 222 4.5.2 Radiation Stability......Page 227 4.5.3 Chemical Treatment......Page 231 4.6.1 Reflective Optics......Page 233 4.6.2 Laser Gyroscopes......Page 242 4.6.3 Precision Engineering......Page 244 References......Page 247 List of Contributors......Page 251 Sources of Figures......Page 254 C......Page 256 G......Page 257 P......Page 258 T......Page 259 Z......Page 260 This book appears in the authoritative series reporting the international research and development activities conducted by the Schott group of companies. This series provides an overview of Schott's activities for scientists, engineers, and managers from all branches of industry worldwide in which glasses and glass ceramics are of interest. Each volume begins with a chapter providing a general idea of the current problems, results, and trends relating to the subjects treated. This new extended edition describes the fundamental principles, the manufacturing process, and applications of low thermal expansion glass ceramics. The composition, structure, and stability of polycrystalline materials with a low thermal expansion are described, and it is shown how low thermal expansion glass ceramics can be manufactured from appropriately chosen glass compositions. Examples illustrate the formation of this type of glass ceramic by utilizing normal production processes together with controlled crystallization. Thus glass ceramics with thermal coefficients of expansion of less than 0.3 x 10(-6)K(-1) can be obtained. Even for the mass production of high-quality cooktop panels (Ceran (R)), oven windows, and other household appliances, a high reproducibility of the properties is achieved. Special glass ceramics (Zerodur (R)) for technological and scientific applications such as high-precision optics or large astronomical mirrors are also discussed. The completely revised edition also features new sections on glass-ceramic applications, with details on their performance, CDC-grinding, and laser gyroscopes containing Zerodur (R). TOC:Overview.- The Scientific Basis.- Glass Ceramics for Household Appliances.- ZerodurR- A Low Thermal Expansion Glass Ceramic for Optical Precision Applications

this Book Appears In The Authoritative Series Reporting The International Research And Development Activities Conducted By The Schott Group Of Companies. This Series Provides An Overview Of Schott's Activities For Scientists, Engineers, And Managers From All Branches Of Industry Worldwide In Which Glasses And Glass Ceramics Are Of Interest. Each Volume Begins With A Chapter Providing A General Idea Of The Current Problems, Results, And Trends Relating To The Subjects Treated.

this New Extended Edition Describes The Fundamental Principles, The Manufacturing Process, And Applications Of Low Thermal Expansion Glass Ceramics. The Composition, Structure, And Stability Of Polycrystalline Materials With A Low Thermal Expansion Are Described, And It Is Shown How Low Thermal Expansion Glass Ceramics Can Be Manufactured From Appropriately Chosen Glass Compositions. Examples Illustrate The Formation Of This Type Of Glass Ceramic By Utilizing Normal Production Processes Together With Controlled Crystallization. Thus Glass Ceramics With Thermal Coefficients Of Expansion Of Less Than 0.3 X 10(-6)k(-1) Can Be Obtained. Even For The Mass Production Of High-quality Cooktop Panels (ceran® ), Oven Windows, And Other Household Appliances, A High Reproducibility Of The Properties Is Achieved. Special Glass Ceramics (zerodur® For Technological And Scientific Applications Such As High-precision Optics Or Large Astronomical Mirrors Are Also Discussed. The Completely Revised Edition Also Features New Sections On Glass-ceramic Applications, With Details On Their Performance, Cdc-grinding, And Laser Gyroscopes Containing Zerodur®.

"This new extended edition describes the fundamental principles, the manufacturing process, and applications of low thermal expansion glass ceramics. The composition, structure, and stability of polycrystalline materials with a low thermal expansion are described, and it is shown how low thermal expansion glass ceramics can be manufactured from appropriately chosen glass compositions. Examples illustrate the formation of this type of glass ceramic by utilizing normal production processes together with controlled crystallization."--Jacket