Lost Battalions : The Great War and the Crisis of American Nationality

"A work of stunning density and penetrating analysis . . . Lost Battalions deploys a narrative symmetry of gratifying complexity."—David Levering Lewis, The Nation During the bloodiest days of World War I, no soldiers served more valiantly than the African American troops of the 369th Infantry—the fabled Harlem Hellfighters—and the legendary 77th "lost battalion" composed of New York City immigrants. Though these men had lived up to their side of the bargain as loyal American soldiers, the country to which they returned solidified laws and patterns of social behavior that had stigmatized them as second-class citizens. Richard Slotkin takes the pulse of a nation struggling with social inequality during a decisive historical moment, juxtaposing social commentary with battle scenes that display the bravery and solidarity of these men. Enduring grueling maneuvers, and the loss of so many of their brethren, the soldiers in the lost battalions were forever bound by their wartime experience. Both a riveting combat narrative and a brilliant social history, Lost Battalions delivers a richly detailed account of the fierce fight for equality in the shadow of a foreign war. During the bloodiest days of World War I, no soldiers served more valiantly than the 369th Infantry—the fabled Harlem Hellfighters—and the legendary "lost battalion" composed of New York City immigrants drawn from the 77th Division. At separate times during the war, both units found themselves cut off behind enemy lines, lost, in fierce battles that claimed the lives of more than half the men from each unit.
As Richard Slotkin follows the Negro soldiers of the 369th and the Jewish, Italian, and other immigrants of the 77th into combat, he depicts an America where these soldiers were viewed as lesser citizens. Even after they demonstrated their loyalty and bravery, nothing changed. They had lived up to their side of the bargain, earning the right to first-class citizenship. But the America to which they returned chose to maintain and even extend the laws and patterns of social behavior that had stigmatized these men. Denied benefits, further armed forces employment, and basic respect, these heroes were treated with utter indifference. But the soldiers' sacrifices were not entirely in vain. Their struggle to create consensus in favor of ethnic and racial pluralism would finally prevail, the first engagement in a fight for equal rights that would last half a century.
Both a riveting combat narrative and a brilliant social history, Lost Battalions delivers a stinging reminder of how unattainable the ideals of America often were for those who fought hardest to preserve them.

"A work of stunning density and penetrating analysis . . . Lost Battalions deploys a narrative symmetry of gratifying complexity."—David Levering Lewis, The Nation

During the bloodiest days of World War I, no soldiers served more valiantly than the African American troops of the 369th Infantry—the fabled Harlem Hellfighters—and the legendary 77th "lost battalion" composed of New York City immigrants. Though these men had lived up to their side of the bargain as loyal American soldiers, the country to which they returned solidified laws and patterns of social behavior that had stigmatized them as second-class citizens.

Richard Slotkin takes the pulse of a nation struggling with social inequality during a decisive historical moment, juxtaposing social commentary with battle scenes that display the bravery and solidarity of these men. Enduring grueling maneuvers, and the loss of so many of their brethren, the soldiers in the lost battalions were forever bound by their wartime experience.

Both a riveting combat narrative and a brilliant social history, Lost Battalions delivers a richly detailed account of the fierce fight for equality in the shadow of a foreign war.

Constructed as a military history of two American army regiments of World War I, Slotkin's narrative functions as an inquiry into the soldiers'racial and ethnic backgrounds. Both units were raised in New York City: one consisted of black soldiers, the other of recent immigrants. That description only begins the contextual social spectrum Slotkin covers in arguing his thesis: that white racial conceptions of Americanism after the war thwarted the expectations of blacks and Jews. Slotkin defines those hopes as a "social bargain" implicit in the support given to black recruitment by leaders such as W. E. B. DuBois: if we enlist, then after victory, you will abolish Jim Crow. The bargain's fate unfolds as Slotkin recounts the racial relations with the two regiments (often relating tension between named individuals) in the course of training and ferocious combat in France. The bargain's unraveling in the race riots of 1919, followed by the melancholy fates of some returning veterans, concludes Slotkin's scholarly analytic history. Examines the United States' history of ethnic assimilation and racial strife through the experience of World War I regiments, the fabled Harlem Hell Fighters of the 369th infantry and the legendary "lost battalion" of the 77th division.