Long-Term Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers (Volume 7) (Trace Metals and other Contaminants in the Environment, Volume 7)

While extensive research has been performed on many technological aspects of permeable reactive barriers and a number of contaminants have so far been successfully treated by PRB systems, long-term performance has not been extensively considered and little is known about the processes influencing long-term behaviour. This gap in our knowledge is all the more disadvantageous as design life has a decisive influence on the economic viability of PRBs. The book describes methods for evaluation and enhancement of the long-term performance of PRB systems, especially of those targeting heavy metals, specifically uranium, and organic contaminants by sorption and/or precipitation mechanisms. Major topics in the book are: Selection and characterisation of suitable reactive materials Characterisation of the relevant contaminant attenuation processes Developing new contaminant-binding chemical compounds ("ligands") Accelerated testing methods to assess the long-term performance of the attenuation mechanisms in PRBs Evaluation of the influence of site characteristics on PRB performance Monitoring of existing and new field installations Coupling of electrokinetic techniques and PRB systems Large-scale laboratory and field tests and their results It addresses the long-term performance of PRBs, an important feature of this novel remediation technology, systematically. It deals extensively with heavy metal removal, with special emphasis on uranium. A number of case studies, experiences with large-scale modelling and test site experiments provide insight into the practical application of the results. This volume will contribute to the science underpinning groundwater remediation, and this will result in the improvement of quality of life and health and safety. * A systematic approach to investigating the long-term performance of permeable reactive barriers * Development of new contaminant-binding chemical compounds ("ligands"), accelerated testing methods to assess the long-term performance, and efficiency enhancing electrokinetic techniques * Extensive data and information on a Hungarian uranium mining facility; once a carefully kept secret of the Soviet Union Annotation. While extensive research has been performed on many technological aspects of permeable reactive barriers and a number of contaminants have so far been successfully treated by PRB systems, long-term performance has not been extensively considered and little is known about the processes influencing long-term behaviour. This gap in our knowledge is all the more disadvantageous as design life has a decisive influence on the economic viability of PRBs. The book describes methods for evaluation and enhancement of the long-term performance of PRB systems, especially of those targeting heavy metals, specifically uranium, and organic contaminants by sorption and/or precipitation mechanisms. Major topics in the book are: Selection and characterisation of suitable reactive materials Characterisation of the relevant contaminant attenuation processes Developing new contaminant-binding chemical compounds ("ligands") Accelerated testing methods to assess the long-term performance of the attenuation mechanisms in PRBs Evaluation of the influence of site characteristics on PRB performance Monitoring of existing and new field installations Coupling of electrokinetic techniques and PRB systems Large-scale laboratory and field tests and their results It addresses the long-term performance of PRBs, an important feature of this novel remediation technology, systematically. It deals extensively with heavy metal removal, with special emphasis on uranium. A number of case studies, experiences with large-scale modelling and test site experiments provide insight into the practical application of the results. This volume will contribute to the science underpinning groundwater remediation, and this will result in the improvement of quality of life and health and safety. * A systematic approach to investigating the long-term performance of permeable reactive barriers * Development of new contaminant-binding chemical compounds ("ligands"), accelerated testing methods to assess the long-term performance, and efficiency enhancing electrokinetic techniques * Extensive data and information on a Hungarian uranium mining facility; once a carefully kept secret of the Soviet Union Content: Preface Pages xi-xiv Karl Ernst Roehl, Tamás Meggyes, Franz-Georg Simon, D.I. Stewart Contributors Pages xv-xvi About the editors Page xvii Acknowledgements Page xix Chapter 1 Permeable reactive barriers Original Research Article Pages 1-25 Karl Ernst Roehl, Kurt Czurda, Tamás Meggyes, Franz-Georg Simon, D.I. Stewart Chapter 2 Construction methods of permeable reactive barriers Original Research Article Pages 27-52 Tamás Meggyes Chapter 3 Materials and processes for uranium removal from contaminated water Original Research Article Pages 53-75 Dimitris Panias, Anthimos Xenidis, Athina krestou Chapter 4 Behaviour of uranium in elemental iron and hydroxyapatite reactive barriers: column experiments Original Research Article Pages 77-109 Franz-Georg Simon, Vera Biermann Chapter 5 Laboratory tests using natural groundwater Original Research Article Pages 111-136 József Bőhm, Ákos Debreczeni, Imre Gombkötő, Franz-Georg Simon, Mihály Csővári Chapter 6 On-site column experiments Original Research Article Pages 137-151 Mihály Csővári, Gábor Simoncsics Chapter 7 New barrier materials: the use of tailored ligand systems for the removal of metals from groundwater Original Research Article Pages 153-182 D.I. Stewart, David E. Bryant, Catherine S. Barton, Katherine Morris, Mihály Csővári Chapter 8 Electrokinetic techniques Original Research Article Pages 183-209 Gabi Gregolec, Karl Ernst Roehl, Kurt Czurda Chapter 9 Mecsek Ore, Pécs, Hungary case study Original Research Article Pages 211-259 Mihály Csővári, Zsolt Berta, József Csicsák, Gábor Földing Chapter 10 Experimental iron barrier in Pécs, Hungary Original Research Article Pages 261-281 Mihály Csővári, József Csicsák, Gábor Földing, Gábor Simoncsics Chapter 11 Installation and operation of an Adsorptive Reactor and Barrier (AR&B) system in Brunn am Gebirge, Austria Original Research Article Pages 283-309 Peter Niederbacher, Manfred Nahold Chapter 12 Regulatory and economic aspects Original Research Article Pages 311-321 Franz-Georg Simon, Stefan Ludwig, Tamás Meggyes, D.I. Stewart, Karl Ernst Roehl Subject index Pages 323-326 "Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) use an innovative, in-situ technology for the remedial treatment of contaminated groundwater. The book describes methods for the evaluation and enhancement of long-term performance of PRBs, which is the decisive factor in determining their economic viability. Treating uranium contaminated groundwater, a legacy of uranium mining, is the central theme of the book. Suitable reactive materials for use in PRBs are identified, attenuation processes are characterised, new contaminant-binding chemical compounds are developed, accelerated testing methods are used to assess the long-term performance, electokinetic techniques to enhance efficiency are discussed, and the results of monitoring existing and new field installations are reported. These themes are developed around two case studies, one at the site of the former Hungarian uranium ore mining and processing near the city of Pecs in Hungary and one at a former industrial site in Brunn am Gebirge in Austria, where an activated carbon PRB system is being used to treat a plume of organic contaminants."--Jacket