Logic. The basic aspects

Our purpose in writing this book is to provide the reader with some basic concepts in logic as a preparation for further studies in philosophy. We have put together in one volume the subject covered in formal logic (the study of the forms of logical reasoning) and material logic (the study of the philosophical foundation of the forms of reasoning). It is our hope that the book serves its pedagogical purpose, and the reader find it a good introduction to the study of logic in the light of metaphysical principles. Introduction I. Logic as a science (I) II. Logic as a science (II) Part I. The logic of concepts I. Concepts and abstraction II. The universality of concepts and the singularity of real beings III. Language as the expression of thought IV. The analogical meaning of concepts V. Predicables, the logical modes of the universals VI. Definition, division and opposition of concepts Part II. The logic of the proposition I. The proposition in general II. Kinds of propositions Part III. The logic of reasoning I. General characteristic of reasoning II. Analysis of reasoning: the syllogism III. Induction IV. Fallacies Part IV. Scientific Knowledge I. Nature and object of scientific knowledge II. Philosophy and the particular sciences III. Order of the sciences IV. The scientific method V. The principles of scientific knowledge