Logic, methodology, and philosophy of science VIII : proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Moscow, 1987

Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VIII presents the results of recent research into the foundations of science. The volume contains 37 invited papers presented at the Congress, covering the areas of Logic, Mathematics, Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences and the Humanities. Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VIII ......Page 3 Copyright Page ......Page 4 Contents ......Page 11 Preface ......Page 5 Appendix to the Preface ......Page 7 Presidential Address ......Page 15 INAUGURAL ADDRESS ......Page 19 Philosophy, Science and Man ......Page 21 INTERSECTIONAL SYMPOSIUM: NEW PATTERNS OF EXPLANATION IN SCIENCE ......Page 45 The Rediscovery of Time ......Page 47 INTERSECTIONAL SYMPOSIUM: SCIENCE AND ETHICS ......Page 65 Ethics and Science ......Page 67 Is There Anything We Should not Want to Know? ......Page 81 The Ethics of Science as a Form of the Cognition of Science ......Page 97 CHAPTER 1. FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICAL REASONING ......Page 109 Non-monotonic Reasoning by Axiomatic Extensions ......Page 111 Inexact and Inductive Reasoning ......Page 129 Problems of Admissibility and Substitution, Logical Equations and Restricted Theories of Free Algebras ......Page 139 CHAPTER 2. MODEL THEORY ......Page 159 On the Existence of End Extensions of Models of Bounded Induction ......Page 161 Towards the Structural Stability Theory ......Page 181 CHAPTER 3. FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTING AND RECURSION THEORY ......Page 195 Automorphisms of the Lattice of Recursively Enumerable Sets and Hyperhypersimple Sets ......Page 197 Degrees of Functions with No Fixed Points ......Page 209 CHAPTER 4. SET THEORY ......Page 221 Free Sets for Commutative Families of Functions ......Page 223 Polarized Partition Relations and Almost-Disjoint Functions ......Page 231 A Dilworth Decomposition Theorem for λ -Suslin Quasi-Orderings of R ......Page 241 CHAPTER 5. GENERAL LOGIC ......Page 263 Logic and Pragmatic Truth ......Page 265 The Justification of Negation as Failure ......Page 281 First-Order Spacetime Geometry ......Page 321 CHAPTER 6. GENERAL METHODOLOGY OF SCIENCE ......Page 335 Strong and Weak Methods ......Page 337 Impact of Global Modelling on Modern Methodology of Science ......Page 351 Conceptual Change and the Progress of Science ......Page 369 Scientific Method and the Objectivity of Epistemic Value Judgments ......Page 391 CHAPTER 7. FOUNDATIONS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL INFERENCE ......Page 409 The Interface Between Statistics and the Philosophy of Science ......Page 411 Astronomical Improbability ......Page 431 Probability in Dynamical Systems ......Page 445 CHAPTER 8. FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES ......Page 463 An Axiomatic Basis as a Desired Form of a Physical Theory ......Page 465 On Learning from the Mistakes of Positivists ......Page 477 CHAPTER 9. FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ......Page 497 EvolutionMatter of Fact or Metaphysical Idea? ......Page 499 Evolutionary Altruism and Psychological Egoism ......Page 513 CHAPTER 10. FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES ......Page 533 Vision and Mind ......Page 535 CHAPTER 11. FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES ......Page 547 Rationality and Social Norms ......Page 549 On the Nature of a Social Order ......Page 571 CHAPTER 12. FOUNDATIONS OF LINGUISTICS ......Page 587 Informational Independence as a Semantical Phenomenon ......Page 589 How Natural is Natural Language? ......Page 609 CHAPTER 13. HISTORY OF LOGIC, METHODOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE ......Page 625 Leibniz and the Philosophical Analysis of Science ......Page 627 The Logical Ideas of N.A. Vasiliev and Modern Logic ......Page 643 Phenomenalism, Relativity and Atoms: Rehabilitating Ernst Machs Philosophy of Science ......Page 659 Contributed Papers ......Page 679 Index of Names ......Page 711