Locked in Place : State-Building and Late Industrialization in India

Why were some countries able to build "developmental states" in the decades after World War II while others were not? Through a richly detailed examination of India's experience, __Locked in Place__ argues that the critical factor was the reaction of domestic capitalists to the state-building project. During the 1950s and 1960s, India launched an extremely ambitious and highly regarded program of state-led development. But it soon became clear that the Indian state lacked the institutional capacity to carry out rapid industrialization. Drawing on newly available archival sources, Vivek Chibber mounts a forceful challenge to conventional arguments by showing that the insufficient state capacity stemmed mainly from Indian industrialists' massive campaign, in the years after Independence, against a strong developmental state. Chibber contrasts India's experience with the success of a similar program of state-building in South Korea, where political elites managed to harness domestic capitalists to their agenda. He then develops a theory of the structural conditions that can account for the different reactions of Indian and Korean capitalists as rational responses to the distinct development models adopted in each country. Provocative and marked by clarity of prose, this book is also the first historical study of India's post-colonial industrial strategy. Emphasizing the central role of capital in the state-building process, and restoring class analysis to the core of the political economy of development, __Locked in Place__ is an innovative work of theoretical power that will interest development specialists, political scientists, and historians of the subcontinent.

vivek Chibber's locked In Place Is A Brilliant, Benchmark Study Of The Developmental State And Its Dilemmas. Over The Past Two Decades There Has Been A Steady Move Away From Systematic Class Analysis Of State Strategies Toward State-centric Approaches. Chibber Decisively Brings Class Back In In A Nuanced And Penetrating Investigation Of How Class Strategies Constrain And Intersect The Institutional Logics Of Developmental States.--erik Olin Wright, University Of Wisconsin, Author Of class Counts And class, Crisis And The State

a Truly Outstanding Book. Chibber Presents A Novel, Powerful, And Controversial Central Thesis That Will Be Of Great Interest To Scholars In The Field. He Beautifully Elaborates The Expected Consequences Of This Thesis For Comparative Historical Cases, And Presents Two Critically Important, Contrasting Cases To Great Effect, With Lucidity And élan. The Empirical Matter Is Substantial, But Is Always Presented Economically And With Modesty. The Text Is Extremely Well Written. The Provocative Conclusions Will, As They Should, Unquestionably Stimulate A Raft Of Further Questions And New Research.--robert Brenner

this Book Is An Excellent Piece Of Scholarship And An Important Contribution Both To The Ongoing Comparative Debate On The Role Of The State In Development And To Our Understanding Of India As A Significant And Weighty Case Within That Debate. Marked By Careful, Detailed Historical Research And Unrelenting Engagement With General Analytical Issues, It Will Be An Invaluable Resource For Future Scholars Trying To Understand The Emergence Of The Post-colonial State In India.--peter Evans, Author Of embedded Autonomy: States And Industrial Transformation

robert Hunter Wade - European Journal Of Sociology

[a]n Important Contribution To The Larger Theoretical Debate About The Role Of The State In Development And The Place Of Class Analysis. A British Anthropologist Friend Remarked After Reading It, 'how Did He Get A Job In An American Sociology Department? Where Is The Post-modernism? Where Are The Regressions?' Instead We Have A Sustained Analytical Argument Presented In Writing That Is Crystal-clear And Entirely Free Of Jargon, With Historical Narrative Of 'what Was' Tautly Balanced With Counterfactual 'what Might Have Been.' The Book Assaults Idle Prejudice On Every Side Of The Debate About Markets And The Role Of Government. It Is Long Overdue, And Deserves To Be Widely Read.

COVER 1 CONTENTS 6 PREFACE 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 16 ABBREVIATIONS 20 PART I: THE ISSUES AND THE ARGUMENT 22 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 24 CHAPTER 2 LATE DEVELOPMENT AND STATE-BUILDING 34 THE TWO DIMENSIONS OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY 35 INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND STATE CAPACITY 38 STATE CAPACITY AS DILEMMA 44 INSTALLING THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: FOUR THESES 50 LOCKED IN PLACE: THE REPRODUCTION OF THE STATE 65 PART II: INSTALLING THE STATE 70 CHAPTER 3 THE ORIGINS OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE IN KOREA 72 INTRODUCTION 72 THE TWO VARIETIES OF STATISM 74 THE CONTINUITY THESIS 76 THE DISCONTINUITY THESIS 78 A CRITIQUE OF THE STATIST DISCONTINUITY THESIS 83 THE ORIGINS OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE 87 A LOOK AHEAD 103 CHAPTER 4 PRECURSORS TO PLANNING IN INDIA: THE MYTH OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL BOURGEOISIE 106 INTRODUCTION 106 THE BACKDROP TO THE BOMBAY PLAN 109 THE BOMBAY PLAN 115 THE CAPITALIST CLASS AND THE DEMISE OF THE BOMBAY PLAN 119 THE ROOTS OF BUSINESS OPPOSITION 128 CHAPTER 5 THE DEMOBILIZATION OF THE LABOR MOVEMENT 131 INTRODUCTION 131 CONGRESS AND THE POPULAR CLASSES 133 THE POSTWAR LABOR UPSURGE 137 A “RESPONSIBLE” LABOR MOVEMENT 139 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DEMOBILIZATION 146 CHAPTER 6 THE BUSINESS OFFENSIVE AND THE RETREAT OF THE STATE 148 INTRODUCTION 148 THE COMMITMENT TO IMPORT-SUBSTITUTION 150 JETTISONING NATIONALIZATION 153 DISCIPLINARY PLANNING AND THE BUSINESS OFFENSIVE 158 THE INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOME (1): THE PLANNING COMMISSION 167 THE INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOME (2): THE FILTERS ON DISCIPLINE 173 PART III: REPRODUCING THE STATE 180 CHAPTER 7 STATE STRUCTURE AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY 182 INTRODUCTION 182 STATE STRUCTURE AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN KOREA 185 STATE STRUCTURE AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN INDIA 191 THE RATIONALITY OF NON-DISCIPLINARY INDUSTRIAL POLICY 204 CHAPTER 8 LOCKED IN PLACE: EXPLAINING THE NON-OCCURRENCE OF REFORM 214 INTRODUCTION 214 EXISTING EXPLANATIONS FOR THE ABSENCE OF REFORM 215 THE CRISIS OF 1957 AND THE SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS 217 THE ATTEMPT AT EXPORT PROMOTION 220 AGENDA-SETTING AND THE DECLINING LEGITIMACY OF THE PLANNING PROCESS 227 THE REFORM EPISODE OF THE MID-SIXTIES 233 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION 243 BRINGING CAPITAL “BACK IN” 243 CAPITAL AND THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE 247 THE ROUTES TO AND OBSTACLES AGAINST ELI 254 OF POSSIBILITIES AND ROADS NOT TAKEN 260 EPILOGUE: THE DECLINE OF DEVELOPMENT MODELS 265 KOREA: THE REVOLT AGAINST THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE 266 INDIA: THE GRADUAL IMPLOSION OF ISI 269 NOTES 276 BIBLIOGRAPHY 330 INDEX 348 During The 1950s And 1960s, India Launched An Extremely Ambitious And Highly Regarded Program Of State-led Development. But It Soon Became Clear That The Indian State Lacked The Institutional Capacity To Carry Out Rapid Industrialization. Drawing On Newly Available Archival Sources, Vivek Chibber Mounts A Forceful Challenge To Conventional Arguments By Showing That The Insufficient State Capacity Stemmed Mainly From Indian Industrialists' Massive Campaign, In The Years After Independence, Against A Strong Developmental State. Chibber Contrasts India's Experience With The Success Of A Similar Program Of State-building In South Korea, Where Political Elites Managed To Harness Domestic Capitalists To Their Agenda. He Then Develops A Theory Of The Structural Conditions That Can Account For The Different Reactions Of Indian And Korean Capitalists As Rational Responses To The Distinct Development Models Adopted In Each Country. This Book Is Also The First Historical Study Of India's Post-colonial Industrial Strategy. Emphasizing The Central Role Of Capital In The State-building Process, And Restoring Class Analysis To The Core Of The Political Economy Of Development, Locked In Place Is An Innovative Work Of Theoretical Power That Will Interest Development Specialists, Political Scientists, And Historians Of The Subcontinent.--jacket. Part I: The Issues And The Argument -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Late Development And State-building -- Part Ii: Installing The State -- 3. The Origins Of The Developmental State In Korea -- 4. Precursors To Planning In India: The Myth Of The Developmental Bourgeoisie -- 5. The Demobilization Of The Labor Movement -- 6. The Business Offensive And The Retreat Of The State -- Part Iii: Reproducing The State -- 7. State Structure And Industrial Policy -- 8. Locked In Place: Explaining The Non-occurrence Of Reform -- 9. Conclusion -- The Decline Of Development Models. Vivek Chibber. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [309]-326) And Index. "During the 1950s and 1960s, India launched an extremely ambitious and highly regarded program of state-led development. But it soon became clear that the Indian state lacked the institutional capacity to carry out rapid industrialization. Drawing on newly available archival sources, Vivek Chibber mounts a forceful challenge to conventional arguments by showing that the insufficient state capacity stemmed mainly from Indian industrialists' massive campaign, in the years after Independence, against a strong developmental state." "Chibber contrasts India's experience with the success of a similar program of state-building in South Korea, where political elites managed to harness domestic capitalists to their agenda. He then develops a theory of the structural conditions that can account for the different reactions of Indian and Korean capitalists as rational responses to the distinct development models adopted in each country." "This book is also the first historical study of India's post-colonial industrial strategy. Emphasizing the central role of capital in the state-building process, and restoring class analysis to the core of the political economy of development, Locked in Place is an innovative work of theoretical power that will interest development specialists, political scientists, and historians of the subcontinent." --Book Jacket Why were some countries able to build ""developmental states"" in the decades after World War II while others were not? Through a richly detailed examination of India's experience, Locked in Place argues that the critical factor was the reaction of domestic capitalists to the state-building project. During the 1950s and 1960s, India launched an extremely ambitious and highly regarded program of state-led development. But it soon became clear that the Indian state lacked the institutional capacity to carry out rapid industrialization. Drawing on newly available archival sources, Vivek Chibber.;COVER; CONTENTS; PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; ABBREVIATIONS; PART I: THE ISSUES AND THE ARGUMENT; CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION; CHAPTER 2 LATE DEVELOPMENT AND STATE-BUILDING; PART II: INSTALLING THE STATE; CHAPTER 3 THE ORIGINS OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE IN KOREA; CHAPTER 4 PRECURSORS TO PLANNING IN INDIA: THE MYTH OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL BOURGEOISIE; CHAPTER 5 THE DEMOBILIZATION OF THE LABOR MOVEMENT; CHAPTER 6 THE BUSINESS OFFENSIVE AND THE RETREAT OF THE STATE; PART III: REPRODUCING THE STATE; CHAPTER 7 STATE STRUCTURE AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY. Why were some countries able to build developmental states after World War II while others were not? This book argues that the critical factor was the reaction of domestic capitalists to the state-building project. It shows that the insufficient state capacity stemmed mainly from Indian industrialists' campaign against a developmental state. AMID THE ENORMOUS diversity of experience across developing countries since the Second World War, India has managed to stand out.