نورپردازی در مکان: تکنیک‌ها برای عکاسان عروسی و پرتره

On-location photographers are faced with ever-changing lighting conditions due to the time of day, the weather, or the surroundings, and this book explores how to evaluate, use, and shape the available light to get the best results in any situation. The book begins by showing photographers how to assess available light and exposure, providing information on the quality and characteristics of light and the necessary tools and techniques for measuring them. The guide then focuses on portable lighting solutions that a single photographer can use—with minimal or no assistance—to customize the given light, from on-camera flashes and monolights with battery packs to umbrellas, soft boxes, and LED video lights. Numerous examples of difficult lighting situations are offered, as well as the progression of different light sources used—both correctly and incorrectly—to capture the final photograph. Front Cover 1 Copyright Page 3 Contents 4 About the Authors 7 Acknowledgments 7 Foreword by David A. Williams 8 Introduction 10 Part One: Understanding the Light 12 1. Lighting 14 Quality of Light: Hard versus Soft Light 15 sidebar: Lighting Categories 16 Contrast 17 Direction of Light 19 Frontal Light 20 Backlighting 20 Side Lighting 20 sidebar: It’s Natural 21 Lighting Patterns 21 Butterfly (Paramount) Lighting 21 Loop Lighting 22 Rembrandt Lighting 22 Split Lighting 24 Ghoul/Horror Lighting 24 Lighting Positions 25 Broad Lighting 25 Short Lighting 25 Front Lighting 25 Main, Fill, and Hair Lights 26 Color Temperature 27 Modifying Light 29 Addition 29 Subtraction 29 Reflection 29 Transmission 29 2. Exposure 30 Aperture 30 Sidebar: Important Facts 31 Shutter Speed 31 ISO 33 Sidebar: Exposure Tips 34 Equivalent Exposures 34 Evaluating the Exposure 34 sidebar: A Review 37 The Inverse Square Law 37 Flash Exposure 39 Flash Sync and High-Speed Sync 43 Part Two: Seeing and Shaping the Light 46 3. Available Light Only 48 Sidebar: Evaluating Light 48 Window Light 50 Side Lighting 52 Frontal Lighting 52 Sidebar: Window Light Posing Tip 53 Sidebar: Photographing Into the Sun 53 Silhouettes and Backlighting 53 Bright Sunlight 53 Metering Problems 54 Blown-Out Highlights 55 Lens Flare 56 Cloudy, Overcast Skies 57 Open Shade versus Deep Shade 58 Reflected Light 60 Lamplight 64 Candlelight 66 Other Light Sources 66 Sidebar: Canned Lights: Why They Are Not My Friends 68 4. Modifying Available Light 69 Reflectors 69 Why Do You Use a Reflector? 70 How Do You Use a Reflector? 70 Where Do You Position a Reflector? 70 Direct Sunlight 71 Open Shade 72 Window Light 72 Scrims and Diffusers 73 How Do You Use a Scrim? 73 Gobos and Flags 73 When Do You Use Gobos or Flags? 73 Part Three: Creating and Modifying the Light 76 5. Video Lights 77 Video Lights: Halogen versus LED 77 Sidebar: Battery Basics 79 Sidebar: Single-Use Batteries 80 How Do You Use a Video Light? 82 Sidebar: Rechargeable Batteries 83 6. Flash 87 Studio Strobes versus Hot-Shoe Flashes 90 Studio Strobes 91 sidebar: How to Use a Light Meter 92 Hot-Shoe Flashes 95 Flash Modes 95 Manual Mode 95 TTL Mode 95 Flash Techniques 96 Direct On-Camera Flash 96 Fill Flash 97 Bounced Flash 98 Not Our Friends, Part 2 99 Off-Camera Flash 101 Sync Cords 101 Built-in Wireless Lighting 101 TTL Radio Triggers 104 Multiple Hot-Shoe Flashes 107 7. Modifying Flash 109 Reasons for Modifying Flash 109 Dome Diffusers 109 sidebar: An Important Note 109 Bounce Reflectors/Bounce Cards 111 sidebar: Enlarging the Light Source 112 Umbrellas 112 Softboxes 113 Diffusion Panels/Scrims 116 Beauty Dishes 116 Ring Flashes 117 Built-In Zoom Control 118 Snoots 118 Grids 118 Gobos and Flags 119 Gels 119 Corrective Gels 119 Creative Gels 120 Part Four: Problem-Solving on Location 121 Harsh Noon Sun and Bright Background 121 Hard Sunlight, Dark Background 123 Senior Session: Available Light, Reflectors, and Flash 125 Classic Hollywood Lighting, Part 1: Video Lights 129 Classic Hollywood, Part 2: Video Lights & Alternative Light Sources 131 Lady in Red: LED Light versus Flash 132 The Wine Cellar: Multiple Flashes 133 The Cyclist: Multiple Flash Units 134 Ballerina, Part 1: Multiple Flashes 135 Ballerina, Part 2: Multiple Flashes and Gels 137 Venetian Jewelry Fashion Shoot: Available Light, Reflectors, and Flash . 142 The Coffee Shop: Window Light 151 Bridal Portrait in the Shade: Fill Flash 153 Wedding Party Photos: Flash 154 Wedding Reception Lighting: Flash 156 Conclusion 158 Sidebar: Resources 158 Index 159 Back Cover 161 "On-location photographers are faced with ever-changing lighting conditions due to the time of day, the weather, or the surroundings, and this book explores how to evaluate, use, and shape the available light to get the best results in any situation. The book begins by showing photographers how to assess available light and exposure, providing information on the quality and characteristics of light and the necessary tools and techniques for measuring them. The guide then focuses on portable lighting solutions that a single ..." --Publisher description