Localized Global Economies on the Northern Borderlands of Mexico and Morocco

This comparative study examines the processes of development and the configurations of export industries in northern Morocco and on the northern border of Mexico. As the contributors explore the similar characteristics of these two borders, they also examine how the global economy circulates around "places of production"--Sites advantageous to the development of export industries. Focusing on transnational firms and the working conditions, settlement processes, and migratory flows they engender, this volume considers if a convergence toward a global culture is inevitable in places of production, or if local resistance emerges in response to the impact of the global.-- Provided by publisher Contents 5 Notes on Contributors 9 List of Figures 14 List of Tables 16 Prologue 18 Chapter 1 Introduction: Global Localized Economies in a Comparative Perspective 23 Chapter 2 Globalization as the Worldwide Context for Understanding Local Dynamics 35 Introduction 35 Nation-States in the Global Economic System 38 Transnationalization, Global Interconnection and Deterritorialization 42 The Localized Global Economy and Industrial Relocation 44 The Localized Global Economy: The Border Cases of Tangier/Tetouan (Morocco) and Tijuana (Mexico) 47 Political-Institutional Governance: Incorporation of the Local Economy in Global Value Chains 51 The Transnational Firm: In Search of the Successful Product 55 Workers: Family and Personal Betterment 56 The Border Nation-State: Living the Border 57 Uncertainties and Resistance of the Global 60 References 64 Chapter 3 Multi-site Comparative Studies and Mixed Research Designs in the Study of the Glocal 70 Introduction 70 Research Design 72 Objectives 72 Working Hypotheses 74 Multi-method and Multi-locality Design 77 Population and Sample 83 Data Production Techniques 90 Data Analysis 93 References 100 Chapter 4 Transnational Firms as an Example of Industrial Relocation: Tijuana (Mexico) and Tangier-Tetouan (Morocco) 102 Introduction 102 Tijuana and Tangier-Tetouan as Spaces of Production for Transnational Firms 103 Tijuana’s Industrial Process 104 Tangier-Tetouan’s Industrial Process 108 The Recent Dynamic and the Profile of Transnational Firms in Tijuana 111 The Recent Dynamic and the Profile of Transnational Firms in Tangier-Tetouan 116 Tijuana’s Infrastructure for Transnational Firms 123 Tangier-Tetouan’s Infrastructure for Transnational Firms 127 Conclusion 129 References 131 Chapter 5 Working Conditions in Border Export Industries and Migration 135 Introduction 135 Working Conditions in Tijuana’s Maquiladoras 137 Wages 138 Working Hours 141 Forms of Forced Labor 143 The Right of Association 144 Job Security 146 Discrimination 147 Characteristics of Border Export Industries in Morocco 148 Working Conditions in the Tangier-Tetouan Region 149 Forced Labor, Work Hours and Wages 150 Freedom of Association 152 Job Safety 156 Age/Sex Discrimination 158 Conclusion 161 References 168 Chapter 6 Settlement Process and Habitable Space 172 Introduction 172 Historical Background 173 Tijuana 173 Tangier 176 Settlement Processes and Urban Growth 179 Tijuana 179 Tangier 184 Urban Structures and Habitable Space 189 Tijuana 189 Tangier 191 Conclusion 194 References 196 Chapter 7 Moving to Stay or Staying to Move? Borderlanders & Internal Migrants Negotiating Work and Mobility in Export Processing Areas of Tijuana and Tangier-Tetouan 199 Introduction 199 Conceptualizing Labor Migration in the Context of Export Processing 200 Migration Hubs 203 Tijuana Maquiladoras and Migration 205 Motivations 205 Options and Obstacles 209 Opportunities, Networks, Transnational Linkages, and Remittances 211 Tangier-Tetouan and Migration 211 Motivations 212 Options and Obstacles 214 Opportunities, Networks, Transnational Linkages, and Remittances 216 Discussion and Typology of Migration Related to Export Employment 218 Conclusion 222 References 224 Chapter 8 A Synthesis: The Relationship Between the Global and the Local in Industrial Relocation on the Northern Borders of Mexico and Morocco 228 Placing Mexico and Morocco in the Global Economy 228 The Case of Tijuana on the Northeast Border of Mexico 235 Morocco’s Northern Border: The Case of Tangier 240 Morocco and Mexico from a Comparative Perspective 245 The Emerging Theory: Frustration of Workers’ Expectations 248 References 254 Index 258 Front Matter ....Pages i-xxiii Introduction: Global Localized Economies in a Comparative Perspective (Antonio Trinidad Requena, Rosa M. Soriano-Miras, Marlene Solís)....Pages 1-12 Globalization as the Worldwide Context for Understanding Local Dynamics (Antonio Trinidad Requena, Francisco Entrena-Durán, Marlene Solís)....Pages 13-47 Multi-site Comparative Studies and Mixed Research Designs in the Study of the Glocal (Rosa M. Soriano-Miras, Antonio Trinidad Requena, Kathryn Kopinak)....Pages 49-80 Transnational Firms as an Example of Industrial Relocation: Tijuana (Mexico) and Tangier-Tetouan (Morocco) (Antonio Trinidad Requena, Marlene Solís, José Manuel García Moreno)....Pages 81-113 Working Conditions in Border Export Industries and Migration (Kathryn Kopinak, Cirila Quintero Ramírez, Jenna Hennebry)....Pages 115-151 Settlement Process and Habitable Space (Marlene Solís, Inam Benali, Rodolfo Cruz)....Pages 153-179 Moving to Stay or Staying to Move? Borderlanders & Internal Migrants Negotiating Work and Mobility in Export Processing Areas of Tijuana and Tangier-Tetouan (Jenna Hennebry, Francisco Barros-Rodríguez, Kathryn Kopinak)....Pages 181-209 A Synthesis: The Relationship Between the Global and the Local in Industrial Relocation on the Northern Borders of Mexico and Morocco (Rosa M. Soriano-Miras)....Pages 211-240 Back Matter ....Pages 241-250