Living in a Seasonal World : Thermoregulatory and Metabolic Adaptations

This book summarises the newest information on seasonal adaptation in animals. Topics include animal hibernation, daily torpor, thermoregulation, heat production, metabolic depression, biochemical adaptations, neurophysiology and energy balance. The contributors to this book present interdisciplinary research at multiple levels ranging from the molecular to the ecophysiological, as well as evolutionary approaches. The chapters of this book provide original data not published elsewhere, which makes it the most up-to-date, comprehensive source of information on these fields. The book’s subchapters correspond to presentations given at the 14th International Hibernation Symposium in August 2012 in Austria. This is a very successful series of symposia (held every four years since 1959) that attracts leading researchers in the field. Like the past symposia, this meeting – and consequently the book – is aimed not only at hibernation but at covering the full range of animal adaptations to seasonal environments. For the next four years, this book will serve as the cutting-edge reference work for graduate students and scientists active in this field of physiology and ecology. . Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 A Single Origin of Heterothermy in Mammals....Pages 3-11 Afrotropical Heterothermy: A Continuum of Possibilities....Pages 13-27 Tropical Heterothermy: Does the Exception Prove the Rule or Force a Re-Definition?....Pages 29-40 Hibernation in Free-Ranging African Woodland Dormice, Graphiurus murinus ....Pages 41-50 Evolutionary Ecology of Mammalian Hibernation Phenology....Pages 51-61 Interrelationships Among Timing of Hibernation, Reproduction, and Warming Soil in Free-Living Female Arctic Ground Squirrels....Pages 63-72 Assessing the Effect of Climate Change on Hibernating Mammals Using Nonlinear Mixed Effects Method....Pages 73-84 Impact of Climatic Variation on the Hibernation Physiology of Muscardinus avellanarius ....Pages 85-97 Comparison of Variables of Torpor Between Populations of a Hibernating Subtropical/Tropical Bat at Different Latitudes....Pages 99-108 The Other Functions of Torpor....Pages 109-121 Survival, Aging, and Life-History Tactics in Mammalian Hibernators....Pages 123-132 Does Age Matter? Effects of Age on Hibernation Patterns in Edible Dormice ( Glis glis )....Pages 133-142 Sex and Seasonality: Reproduction in the Echidna ( Tachyglossus aculeatus )....Pages 143-153 Sex Differences in Foraging Behaviour, Body Fat and Hibernation Patterns of Free-Ranging Common Hamsters....Pages 155-165 Summer Torpor and Sexual Segregation in the Subtropical Bat Rhinopoma microphyllum ....Pages 167-174 Heterothermy in Caprimulgid Birds: A Review of Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in Free-Ranging Populations....Pages 175-187 Front Matter....Pages 189-189 The Brain at Low Temperature: Tau Hyperphosphorylation Dynamics in Hibernation Torpor....Pages 191-199 The Hibernation-Related Peptide TSKY Acts as a Neuroprotector in Cultured Pond Snail Neurons....Pages 201-210 The Torpor-Arousal Cycle is Controlled by an Endogenous Clock....Pages 211-218 Ultradian Episodes of Thermogenesis in Mammals: Implications for the Timing of Torpor Entry and Arousal....Pages 219-229 Front Matter....Pages 189-189 Spontaneous Daily Torpor Versus Fasting-Induced Torpor in the Djungarian Hamster ( Phodopus sungorus ): Two Sides of a Medal or Distinct Phenomena?....Pages 231-242 Does the Road Traveled Matter? Natural Versus Prematurely Induced Arousal from Torpor....Pages 243-258 The Hibernating Immune System....Pages 259-270 The Relationship Between White Nose Syndrome and Dietary PUFA Levels in Bats....Pages 271-279 Impact of Hibernation on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function in Ground Squirrels....Pages 281-291 Cardiac Electrical Alternans and Ventricular Fibrillation During Hypothermia in Non-Hibernating Versus Hibernating Animals: Role of Propagation Velocity and Dispersion of Repolarization....Pages 293-303 Neonatal Deep Hypothermia: Heart Function and Metabolism....Pages 305-316 Seasonal Changes in Thermoregulatory Strategies of Tegu Lizards....Pages 317-324 Front Matter....Pages 325-325 Phylogenetic Background of Hibernation and Hibernation-Specific Proteins in Sciuridae....Pages 327-335 Adenosine, AMP, and Daily Torpor....Pages 337-349 On the Dissimilarity of 5′-AMP Induced Hypothermia and Torpor in Mice....Pages 351-362 Potential Mechanisms of Metabolic SuppressionDownstream of Central A 1 AR Activation During Onset of Torpor....Pages 363-376 Fast In, Slow Out: Patterns and Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Suppression in Hibernation....Pages 377-386 Adjustments of Mitochondrial Energy Transduction in Response to Physiological and Environmental Challenge....Pages 387-398 Redox Metabolism During Tropical Diapause in a Lepidoptera Larva....Pages 399-409 Biochemical Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Hibernating Bats....Pages 411-421 Theme and Variation: Proteomic Changes Across Three Organs in Hibernation Cycles of the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel....Pages 423-432 Putting the Brakes on Protein Synthesis in Mammalian Hibernation....Pages 433-443 Front Matter....Pages 445-445 Brown Adipose Tissue: A Seasonal Tissue in Mammals, Including Humans?....Pages 447-458 Systematic Screening for Mutant Mouse Lines with Defects in Body Temperature Regulation....Pages 459-469 Front Matter....Pages 445-445 Diurnal Changes in Metabolic Rate in Pygmy Marmosets: Implications for Sleep, Torpor, and Basal Metabolism in Primates....Pages 471-480 Torpor Use and Body Mass Gain During Pre-Hibernation in Late-Born Juvenile Garden Dormice Exposed to Food Shortage....Pages 481-491 Seasonal Variations in Energy Turnover and Body Temperature in Free-Living Edible Dormice, Glis glis ....Pages 493-505 The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Body Mass, Torpor, Food Intake, and Leptin Levels: Implications on the Regulation of Food Intake in Mammalian Hibernators....Pages 507-517 Ghrelin, Leptin, and Fatty Acids in Free-Living Callospermophilus lateralis (Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrels)....Pages 519-529 Seasonal Variation in Brain Prostaglandin D 2 and E 2 of Marmots and n -6 Fatty Acid Availability....Pages 531-542 Expression of Orexigenic and Anorexigenic Neuropeptides Before and During Hibernation in the Daurian Ground Squirrel ( Spermophilus dauricus )....Pages 543-556 Back Matter....Pages 557-563 Annotation This book summarises the newest information on seasonal adaptation in animals. Topics include animal hibernation, daily torpor, thermoregulation, heat production, metabolic depression, biochemical adaptations, neurophysiology and energy balance. The contributors to this book present interdisciplinary research at multiple levels ranging from the molecular to the ecophysiological, as well as evolutionary approaches. The chapters of this book provide original data not published elsewhere, which makes it the most up-to-date, comprehensive source of information on these fields. The books subchapters correspond to presentations given at the 14th International Hibernation Symposium in August 2012 in Austria. This is a very successful series of symposia (held every four years since 1959) that attracts leading researchers in the field. Like the past symposia, this meeting and consequently the book is aimed not only at hibernation but at covering the full range of animal adaptations to seasonal environments. For the next four years, this book will serve as the cutting-edge reference work for graduate students and scientists active in this field of physiology and ecology This book summarises the newest information on seasonal adaptation in animals. Topics include animal hibernation, daily torpor, thermoregulation, heat production, metabolic depression, biochemical adaptations, neurophysiology and energy balance. The contributors to this book present interdisciplinary research at multiple levels ranging from the molecular to the ecophysiological, as well as evolutionary approaches. The chapters of this book provide original data not published elsewhere, which makes it the most up-to-date, comprehensive source of information on these fields. The bookâs subchapters correspond to presentations given at the 14th International Hibernation Symposium in August 2012 in Austria. This is a very successful series of symposia (held every four years since 1959) that attracts leading researchers in the field. Like the past symposia, this meeting â" and consequently the book â" is aimed not only at hibernation but at covering the full range of animal adaptations to seasonal environments. For the next four years, this book will serve as the cutting-edge reference work for graduate students and scientists active in this field of physiology and ecology