Literature and Science in the Nineteenth Century: An Anthology (Oxford World's Classics)

Although we are used to thinking of science and the humanities as separate disciplines, in the nineteenth century this division was not recognized. As the scientist John Tyndall pointed out, not only were science and literature both striving to better "man's estate", they shared a common language and cultural heritage. The quest for "origins", the nature of the relationship between society and the individual, and what it meant to be human were subjects that occupied both the writing of scientists and novelists. This anthology brings together a generous selection of scientific and literary material to explore the exchanges and interactions between them. Fed by a common imagination, scientists and creative writers alike used stories, imagery, style, and structure to convey their meaning, and to produce works of enduring power. It includes writing by Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Sir Humphry Davy, Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Michael Faraday, Thomas Malthus, Louis Pasteur, Edgar Allan Poe, Mary Shelley, Mark Twain and many others. Also included are introductions and notes to guide the reader. LITERATURE AND SCIENCE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. PROLOGUE: LITERATURE AND SCIENCE. Sonnet---To Science (1829) / Edgar Allan Poe The Belfast Address (1874) / John Tyndall From Science and Culture (1880) / Thomas Henry Huxley Literature and Science (1882) / Matthew Arnold MATHEMATICS, PHYSICAL SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY. Mathematics. Sketch of the Analytical Engine (1843) / Ada Lovelace From Formal Logic (1847) / Augustus De Morgan From An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854) / George Boole From The Logic of Chance (1866) / John Venn From Through the Looking-Glass (1871) From The Game of Logic (1886) / Lewis Carroll From Daniel Deronda (1876) / George Eliot From The Time Machine (1895) / H.G. Wells Physical Science. From On the Power of Penetrating into Space by Telescopes (1800) / Sir William Herschel From Past and Present (1843) / Thomas Carayle From Outlines of Astronomy (1849) / Sir John Herschell From Experimental Researches in Electricity (1839-55) (1852) / Michael Faraday On the Age of the Sun's Heat (1862) / William Thomson, Lord Kelvin On Chemical Rays, and the Light of the Sky (1869) On the Scientific Use of the Imagination (1870) / John Tyndall From Theory of Heat (1871) To the Chief Musician upon Nabla: A Tyndallic Ode (1874) Professor Tait, Loquitur (1877) Answer to Tait To Hermann Stoffkraft (1878) / James Clerk Maxwell The Sorting Demon of Maxwell (1879) / William Thomson, Lord Kelvin From Two on a Tower (1882) / Thomas Hardy The Photographic Eyes of Science (1883) / Richard A. Proctor On a New Kind of Rays (1895) / Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen Telcommunications. Letter to Hon. Levi Woodbury, Secretary of the US Treasury, 27 September 1837 / Samuel F.B. Morse The Telephone from Westminster Review (1878) / Anonymous Mental Telegraphy (1891) / Mark Twain The Deep-Sea Cables (1896) / Rudyard Kipling In the Cage (1898) / Henry James Bodies and Machines. From On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (1832) / Charles Babbage From Dombey and Son (1847-8) / Charles Dickens On the Conservation of Force (1847) / Hermann Von Helmholtz From Erewhon (1872) / Samuel Butler To a Locomotive in Winter (1876) / Walt Whitman SCIENCES OF THE BODY. Animal Electricity. From De Viribus Electricitatis (1791) / Luigi Galvani From Discourse, Introductory to a Course of Lectures on Chemistry (1802) / Sir Humphrey Davy From Frankenstein (1818) / Mary Shelley I Sing the Body Electric [1855] (1867) / Walt Whitman Cells and Tissues and Their Relation to the Body. From General Anatomy (1801) / Xavier Bichat From Cellular Pathology (1858) / Rudolf Virchow From Middlemarch (1871-2) / George Eliot From the Physical Basis of Mind (1877) / George Henry Lewes Hygiene, Germ Theory, and Infectious Diseases. From The Last Man (1826) / Mary Shelley An Inquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain (1842) / Sir Edwin Chadwick [The Mask of the Red Death](https://openlibrary.org/works/OL41050W) (1842) / Edgar Allan Poe The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever (1843) / Oliver Wendall Holmes On the Organized Bodies Which Exist in the Atmosphere (1861) / Louis Pasteur Illustrations of the Antiseptic System (1867) / Sir Joseph Lister Dr Koch on the Cholera (1884) / Anonymous The Stolen Bacillus (1895) / H.G. Wells Experimental Medicine and Vivisection. From An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865) / Claude Bernard Vivisection: Its Pains and Its Uses (1881) / Sir James Paget Vivisection and Its Two-Faced Advocates (1882) / Frances Power Cobbe From Heart and Science (1883) / Wilkie Collins From The Island of Dr Moreau (1896) / H.G. Wells EVOLUTION. The Present and the Past. From Zoological Philosophy (1809) / Jean Baptiste De Lamarck From Principles of Geology (1830-3) / Sir Charles Lyell From Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences (1840) / William Whewell From The Princess (1847) / Alfred, Lord Tennyson From The Origin of Species (1859) / Charles Darwin From The Mill on the Floss (1860) / George Eliot On the Physical Basis of Life (1869) / Thomas Henry Huxley From The Story of an African Farm (1883) / Olive Schreiner From Mental Evolution in Man (1888) / George John Romanes The Individual and the Species. From In Memoriam, LIII-LV, CXVIII (1850) / Alfred, Lord Tennyson From Principles of Biology (1864-7) / Herbert Spencer Hap (1866) From A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873) / Thomas Hardy From The Evolution of Man (1874) / Ernst Haeckel From Unconscious Memory (1880) / Samuel Butler Evolution (1880) To Nature / Emily Pfeiffer From Essays on Heredity (1881-5) / August Weismann Lay of the Trilobite (1885) / May Kendall Nature is a Heraclitean Fire (1888) / Gerard Manley Hopkins Sexual Selection. From Pride and Prejudice (1813) / Jane Austen From The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871) / Charles Darwin From She (1887) / Henry Rider Haggard Natural Selection (1887) / Constance Naden From Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891) / Thomas Hardy SCIENCES OF THE MIND. The Relationship between Mind and Body. From Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1822) / Thomas De Quincey On the Reflex Function (1833) / Marshall Hall From A Treatise on Insanity (1835) / James Cowles Prichard [The Birthmark](https://openlibrary.org/works/OL455204W) (1846) / Nathaniel Hawthorne From [bartleby the Scrivener](https://openlibrary.org/works/OL102732W) (1856) / Herman Melville From Mind and Brain (1860) / Thomas Laycock From Lady Audley's Secret (1862) / Mary Elizabeth Braddon The Case of George Dedlow (1866) / S. Weir Mitchell From Body and Mind (1870) / Henry Maudsley From Principles of Mental Physiology (1874) / William B. Carpenter From Principles of Psychology (1890) / William James Physiognomy and Phrenology. From Elements of Phrenology (1824) / George Combe From Phrenology in Connection with the Study of Physiognomy (1826) / Johann Gaspar Spurzheim From Jane Eyre (1847) / Charlotte Brontë From The Lifted Veil (1859) / Geroge Eliot Mesmerism and Magnetism. From Facts in Mesmerism (1840) / Chauncey Hare Townsend From Surgical Operations without Pain in the Mesmeric State (1843) / John Elliotson [Mesmeric Revelation](https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15646037W) (1844) / Edgar Allan Poe From Letters on Mesmerism (1845) / Harriet Martineau From Mesmerism in India (1847) / James Esdaile Mesmerism (1855) / Robert Browning From The Moonstone (1868) / Wilkie Collins Dreams and the Unconscious. When Thou Sleepest (1837) / Charlotte Brontë Unconscious Cerebration: A Psychological Study (1871) / Frances Power Cobbe From The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) / Robert Louis Stevenson Address to the German Chemical Society (1890) / August Kenkule Nervous Exhaustion. From Elsie Venner (1861) / Oliver Wendell Holmes From Wear and Tear, or Hints for the Overworked (1872) / S. Weir Mitchell The Yellow Wall-Paper (1892) / Charlotte Perkins Gilman SOCIAL SCIENCES. Creating the Social Sciences. From Panopticon (1791) From Manual of Political Economy (1793) / Jeremy Bentham From An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) / Thomas Malthus From A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation (1832) / J.R. M'Culloch From Bleak House (1852-3) / Charles Dickens From Positive Philosophy (1853) / Auguste Comte From Hard Times (1854) / Charles Dickens From Utilitarianism (1861) / John Stuart Mill From Jude the Obscure (1895) / Thomas Hardy Race Science. From The Races of Men (1850) / Robert Knox From Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development (1883) / Sir Francis Galton [The Yellow Face](https://openlibrary.org/works/OL20571966W) (1894) / Arthur Conan Doyle Urban Poverty. From The Condition of the Working Class in England (1845) / Friedrich Engels From London Labour and the London Poor (1851) / Henry Mayhew From North and South (1855) / Elizabeth Gaskell East London (1867) West London / Matthew Arnold Autobiography of a Thief in Thieves' Language (1879) / J.W. Horsley From Mrs Warren's Profession (1898) / George Bernard Shaw From East London (1899) / Walter Besant Degeneration. From The Criminal Man (1876) / Cesare Lombroso From The Nether World (1889) / George Gissing From The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) / Oscar Wilde From Degeneration (1892) / Max Nordau From The Heavenly Twins (1893) / Sarah Grand From Dracula (1897) / Bram Stoker EPILOGUE: SCIENCE AND LITERATURE. Prose and Verse (1857) / Sir John Herschel Contents......Page 8 Introduction......Page 18 Select Bibliography......Page 30 Chronology......Page 40 LITERATURE AND SCIENCE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY......Page 44 The Belfast Address (1874)......Page 46 From Science and Culture (1880)......Page 47 Literature and Science (1882)......Page 49 MATHEMATICS, PHYSICAL SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY......Page 52 Sketch of the Analytical Engine (1843)......Page 58 From Formal Logic (1847)......Page 62 From An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854)......Page 67 From The Logic of Chance (1866)......Page 70 From Through the Looking-Glass (1871)......Page 72 From The Game of Logic (1886)......Page 75 From Daniel Deronda (1876)......Page 78 From The Time Machine (1895)......Page 83 From On the Power of Penetrating into Space by Telescopes (1800)......Page 86 From Past and Present (1843)......Page 90 From Outlines of Astronomy (1849)......Page 94 From Experimental Researches in Electricity (1839–55) (1852)......Page 98 On the Age of the Sun’s Heat (1862)......Page 103 On Chemical Rays, and the Light of the Sky (1869)......Page 106 On the Scientific Use of the Imagination (1870)......Page 111 From Theory of Heat (1871)......Page 113 To the Chief Musician upon Nabla: A Tyndallic Ode (1874)......Page 117 Professor Tait, Loquitur (1877)......Page 119 Answer to Tait......Page 120 To Hermann Stoffkraft (1878)......Page 121 The Sorting Demon of Maxwell (1879)......Page 122 From Two on a Tower (1882)......Page 124 The Photographic Eyes of Science (1883)......Page 127 On a New Kind of Rays (1895)......Page 131 Letter to Hon. Levi Woodbury, Secretary of the US Treasury, 27 September 1837......Page 134 The Telephone from Westminster Review (1878)......Page 138 Mental Telegraphy (1891)......Page 142 In the Cage (1898)......Page 147 From On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (1832)......Page 152 From Dombey and Son (1847–8)......Page 159 On the Conservation of Force (1847)......Page 164 From Erewhon (1872)......Page 167 To a Locomotive in Winter (1876)......Page 171 SCIENCES OF THE BODY......Page 173 From De Viribus Electricitatis (1791)......Page 178 From Discourse, Introductory to a Course of Lectures on Chemistry (1802)......Page 183 From Frankenstein (1818)......Page 187 I Sing the Body Electric [1855] (1867)......Page 191 From General Anatomy (1801)......Page 193 From Cellular Pathology (1858)......Page 195 From Middlemarch (1871–2)......Page 196 From The Physical Basis of Mind (1877)......Page 204 From The Last Man (1826)......Page 206 An Inquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain (1842)......Page 210 The Mask of the Red Death (1842)......Page 214 The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever (1843)......Page 220 On the Organized Bodies Which Exist in the Atmosphere (1861)......Page 224 Illustrations of the Antiseptic System (1867)......Page 230 Dr Koch on the Cholera (1884)......Page 235 The Stolen Bacillus (1895)......Page 240 From An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865)......Page 246 Vivisection: Its Pains and Its Uses (1881)......Page 252 Vivisection and Its Two-Faced Advocates (1882)......Page 258 From Heart and Science (1883)......Page 263 From The Island of Dr Moreau (1896)......Page 272 EVOLUTION......Page 278 From Zoological Philosophy (1809)......Page 283 From Principles of Geology (1830–3)......Page 289 From Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences (1840)......Page 295 From The Princess (1847)......Page 298 From The Origin of Species (1859)......Page 301 From The Mill on the Floss (1860)......Page 310 On the Physical Basis of Life (1869)......Page 316 From The Story of an African Farm (1883)......Page 319 From Mental Evolution in Man (1888)......Page 322 From In Memoriam, LIII–LV, CXVIII (1850)......Page 326 From Principles of Biology (1864–7)......Page 328 Hap (1866)......Page 332 From A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873)......Page 333 From The Evolution of Man (1874)......Page 336 From Unconscious Memory (1880)......Page 340 To Nature......Page 342 From Essays on Heredity (1881–5)......Page 343 Lay of the Trilobite (1885)......Page 346 Nature is a Heraclitean Fire (1888)......Page 348 From Pride and Prejudice (1813)......Page 349 From The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871)......Page 351 From She (1887)......Page 355 Natural Selection (1887)......Page 360 From Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891)......Page 361 SCIENCES OF THE MIND......Page 368 From Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1822)......Page 374 On the Reflex Function (1833)......Page 377 From A Treatise on Insanity (1835)......Page 380 The Birthmark (1846)......Page 384 From Bartleby the Scrivener (1856)......Page 389 From Mind and Brain (1860)......Page 392 From Lady Audley’s Secret (1862)......Page 396 The Case of George Dedlow (1866)......Page 401 From Body and Mind (1870)......Page 407 From Principles of Mental Physiology (1874)......Page 412 From Principles of Psychology (1890)......Page 416 From Elements of Phrenology (1824)......Page 420 From Phrenology in Connection with the Study of Physiognomy (1826)......Page 425 From Jane Eyre (1847)......Page 429 From The Lifted Veil (1859)......Page 432 From Facts in Mesmerism (1840)......Page 434 From Surgical Operations without Pain in the Mesmeric State (1843)......Page 439 Mesmeric Revelation (1844)......Page 444 From Letters on Mesmerism (1845)......Page 449 From Mesmerism in India (1847)......Page 453 Mesmerism (1855)......Page 458 From The Moonstone (1868)......Page 462 When Thou Sleepest (1837)......Page 465 Unconscious Cerebration: A Psychological Study (1871)......Page 467 From The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886)......Page 471 Address to the German Chemical Society (1890)......Page 474 From Elsie Venner (1861)......Page 476 From Wear and Tear, or Hints for the Overworked (1872)......Page 479 The Yellow Wall-Paper (1892)......Page 481 SOCIAL SCIENCES......Page 486 From Panopticon (1791)......Page 492 From Manual of Political Economy (1793)......Page 495 From An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)......Page 496 From A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation (1832)......Page 499 From Bleak House (1852–3)......Page 501 From Positive Philosophy (1853)......Page 507 From Hard Times (1854)......Page 509 From Utilitarianism (1861)......Page 512 From Jude the Obscure (1895)......Page 515 From The Races of Men (1850)......Page 518 From Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development (1883)......Page 521 The Yellow Face (1894)......Page 526 From The Condition of the Working Class in England (1845)......Page 531 From London Labour and the London Poor (1851)......Page 536 From North and South (1855)......Page 539 East London (1867)......Page 544 Autobiography of a Thief in Thieves’ Language (1879)......Page 545 From Mrs Warren’s Profession (1898)......Page 549 From East London (1899)......Page 554 From The Criminal Man (1876)......Page 559 From The Nether World (1889)......Page 562 From The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890)......Page 564 From Degeneration (1892)......Page 568 From The Heavenly Twins (1893)......Page 573 From Dracula (1897)......Page 578 Prose and Verse (1857)......Page 581 Explanatory Notes......Page 584 Publisher’s Acknowledgements......Page 619 This Anthology Brings Together A Generous Selection Of Scientific And Literary Material To Explore The Exchanges And Interactions Between Them. It Shows How Scientists And Creative Writers Alike Fed From A Common Imagination In Their Language, Style, Metaphors And Imagery. It Includes Writing By Michael Faraday, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Hardy, Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Louis Pasteur, Edgar Allan Poe, Mark Twain And Many Others. - ;'it Has Been Said By Its Opponents That Science Divorces Itself From Literature; But The Statement, Like So Many Others, Arises From Lack Of Knowledge.' John Tyndall, 1874 Although We Are Used To Thinking Of Science And The Humanities As Separate Disciplines, In The Nineteenth Century That Division Was Not Recognized. As The Scientist John Tyndall Pointed Out, Not Only Were Science And Literature Both Striving To Better 'man's Estate', They Shared A Common Language And Cultural Heritage. The Same Subjects Occupied The Writing Of Scientists And Novelists: The Quest For 'origins', The Nature Of The Relation Between Society And The Individual, And What It Meant To Be Human. This Anthology Brings Together A Generous Selection Of Scientific And Literary Material To Explore The Exchanges And Interactions Between Them. Fed By A Common Imagination, Scientists And Creative Writers Alike Used Stories, Imagery, Style, And Structure To Convey Their Meaning, And To Produce Work Of Enduring Power. The Anthology Includes Writing By Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Sir Humphry Davy, Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Michael Faraday, Thomas Malthus, Louis Pasteur, Edgar Allan Poe, Mary Shelley, Mark Twain And Many Others, And Introductions And Notes Guide The Reader Through The Topic's Many Strands. - 'It has been said by its opponents that science divorces itself from literature; but the statement, like so many others, arises from lack of knowledge.'John Tyndall, 1874 Although we are used to thinking of science and the humanities as separate disciplines, in the nineteenth century that division was not recognized. As the scientist John Tyndall pointed out, not only were science and literature both striving to better'man's estate', they shared a common language and cultural heritage. The same subjects occupied the writing of scientists and novelists: the quest for'origins', the nature of the relation between society and the individual, and what it meant to be human. This anthology brings together a generous selection of scientific and literary material to explore the exchanges and interactions between them. Fed by a common imagination, scientists and creative writers alike used stories, imagery, style, and structure to convey their meaning, and to produce work of enduring power. The anthology includes writing by Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Sir Humphry Davy, Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Michael Faraday, Thomas Malthus, Louis Pasteur, Edgar Allan Poe, Mary Shelley, Mark Twain and many others, and introductions and notes guide the reader through the topic's many strands. 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