Listening in the Field: Recording and the Science of Birdsong (Inside Technology)

The Transformation Of Sound Recording Into A Scientific Technique In The Study Of Birdsong, As Biologists Turned Wildlife Sounds Into Scientific Objects. Scientific Observation And Representation Tend To Be Seen As Exclusively Visual Affairs. But Scientists Have Often Drawn On Sensory Experiences Other Than The Visual. Since The End Of The Nineteenth Century, Biologists Have Used A Variety Of Techniques To Register Wildlife Sounds. In This Book, Joeri Bruyninckx Describes The Evolution Of Sound Recording Into A Scientific Technique For Studying The Songs And Calls Of Wild Birds And Asks, What It Means To Listen To Animal Voices As A Scientist. The Practice Of Recording Birdsong Took Shape At The Intersection Of Popular Entertainment And Field Ornithology, Turning Recordings Into Objects Of Investigation And Popular Fascination. Shaped By The Technologies And Interests Of Amateur Naturalism And Music Teaching, Radio Broadcasting And Gramophone Production, Hobby Electronics And Communication Engineering, Birdsong Recordings Traveled Back And Forth Between Scientific And Popular Domains, To Appear On Gramophone Recordings, Radio Broadcasts, And Movie Soundtracks. Bruyninckx Follows Four Technologies--the Musical Score, The Electric Microphone, The Portable Magnetic Tape Recorder, And The Sound Spectrograph--through A Cultural History Of Field Recording And Scientific Listening. He Chronicles A Period When Verbal Descriptions, Musical Notations, And Onomatopoeic Syllables Represented Birdsong And Shaped A Community Of Listeners; Later Electric Recordings Struggled With Notions Of Fidelity, Realism, Objectivity, And Authenticity; Scientists, Early Citizen Scientists, And The Recording Industry Negotiated Recording Exchange; And Trained Listeners Complemented The Visual Authority Of Spectrographic Laboratory Analyses. This Book Reveals A Scientific Process Fraught With Conversions, Between Field And Laboratory, Sound And Image, Science And Its Various Audiences -- From The Publisher. Eavesdropping In The Wild -- Scientific Scores And Musical Ears : Sound Diagrams In Field Recording -- Staging Sterile Sound : Producing And Reproducing Natural Field Recordings -- Sampling Assets : Economies Of Scientific Exchange At The Cornell Library Of Natural Sounds -- Patterned Sound : Inscriptions And The Trained Ear In Birdsong Analysis -- Conclusion. Joeri Bruyninckx. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Contents Acknowledgments 1 Eavesdropping in the Wild A Faint Cry Scientific Recordings in the Field Case Studies Structure of the Book 2 Scientific Scores and Musical Ears: Sound Diagrams in Field Recording Musical Scintillations The Attractions of the Field Avian Melodies between Science and Sentiment Naturalists, Musicians, Scientists Interpreting Bird Music Singing Out of Key Comparing and Communicating Birdsongs Multiple Functions 3 Staging Sterile Sound: Producing and Reproducing Natural Field Recordings Soundscapes and the Field Bird Records and Soundbooks The Difficulty of Listening Natural Sounds Mobilizing the Studio into the Field Controlling Field Acoustics Ordering Landscapes 4 Sampling Assets: Economies of Scientific Exchange at the Cornell Library of Natural Sounds Sharing Sounds How Exchanges Are Built Contexts of Field Recording Trading Copyright Exchanging Favors Matters of Distinction Knowledge Commons 5 Patterned Sound: Inscriptions and the Trained Ear in Birdsong Analysis A Novel Technique Visible Speech Spectrographic Studies of Bird Communication Producing Sound Spectrograms Aural Patterns Musical Spectrograms Visual Inscriptions Pragmatic Conversions 6 Conclusion Bioacoustic Techniques Recordings as Scientific Objects Notes 1 Eavesdropping in the Wild 2 Scientific Scores and Musical Ears 3 Staging Sterile Sound 4 Sampling Assets 5 Patterned Sound 6 Conclusion References Source Collections and Their Abbreviations Published Sources Index Inside Technology Color Plates