Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics (California Studies in the History of Science Book 11)

"Lise Meitner (1878-1968) was a pioneer of nuclear physics and co-discoverer, with Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann, of nuclear fission. Braving the sexism of the scientific world, she joined the prestigious Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry and became a prominent member of the international physics community. Of Jewish origin, Meitner fled Nazi Germany for Stockholm in 1938 and later moved to Cambridge, England. Her career was shattered when she fled Germany, and her scientific reputation was damaged when Hahn took full credit--and the 1944 Nobel Prize--for the work they had done together on nuclear fission. Ruth Sime's absorbing book is the definitive biography of Lise Meitner, the story of a brilliant woman whose extraordinary life illustrates not only the dramatic scientific progress but also the injustice and destruction that have marked the twentieth century"--Publisher description When sixty-year-old Lise Meitner fled Nazi Germany in 1938, she carried with her nothing but a small valise and a deep, abiding passion for physics. Eight years later Meitner, co-discoverer with Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann of nuclear fission, watched as Hahn alone received the Nobel Prize for their joint research. In telling the dramatic personal story of this extraordinary woman, Ruth Sime's definitive biography illuminates the scientific and social progress and the injustice and destruction that have marked the twentieth century. As a shy young woman from Vienna, Lise Meitner braved the institutional sexism of the scientific world to make a place for herself at the prestigious Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Berlin. She became prominent in the international physics community and was a pioneer of nuclear physics. Her career spanned the development of atomic physics from the early years of radioactivity to the brink of the nuclear age. She refused to participate in the Allied atomic bomb project and was greatly concerned about the development of nuclear weapons after the war. Using the huge collection of Meitner's personal papers, correspondence and interviews with her contemporaries and friends, and a wealth of largely unpublished archival material, Sime lets us hear the voice of the scientist and the woman. Among Meitner's teachers, colleagues, and friends were many of the great physicists of all time - Boltzmann, Planck, Rutherford, Bohr, Einstein, Fermi, Franck, Pauli, von Laue, and others. Her unusual collegiality and friendship with Otto Hahn, which survived the early years of the Third Reich, was later broken and betrayed. In her letters and papers, Meitner speaks about science, the rise of Nazism, the Holocaust, the unhappiness of her Swedish exile, her exclusion from the Nobel Prize, and the postwar German mentality that all but destroyed her scientific reputation. Frontmatter PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (page vii) 1. Girlhood in Vienna (page 1) 2. Beginnings in Berlin (page 23) 3. The First World War (page 46) 4. Professor in the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (page 76) 5. Experimental Nuclear Physics (page 109) 6. Under the Third Reich (page 134) 7. Toward the Discovery of Nuclear Fission (page 161) 8. Escape (page 184) 9. Exile in Stockholm (page 210) 10. The Discovery of Nuclear Fission (page 231) 11. Priorities (page 259) 12. Again, World War (page 279) 13. War Against Memory (page 309) 14. Suppressing the Past (page 326) 15. No Return (page 347) 16. Final Journeys (page 362) APPENDIX (page 381) ABBREVIATIONS (page 389) NOTES (page 393) SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY (page 505) INDEX (page 513) Traces The Life Of A Jewish Physicist Who Had To Flee Nazi Germany, Codiscovered Nuclear Fission With Otto Hahn And Fritz Strassmann, But Was Denied Recognition When The Work Received A Nobel Prize. Girlhood In Vienna -- Beginnings In Berlin -- The First World War -- Professor In The Kaiser-wilhelm-institut -- Experimental Nuclear Physics -- Under The Third Reich -- Toward The Discovery Of Nuclear Fission -- Escape -- Exile In Stockholm -- The Discovery Of Nuclear Fission -- Priorities -- Again, World War -- War Against Memory -- Suppressing The Past -- No Return -- Final Journeys. Ruth Lewin Sime. A Centennial Book. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 505-512) And Index. Lise Meitner (1878-1968) was a pioneer of nuclear physics and co-discoverer, with Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann, of nuclear fission. This book tells the story of this brilliant woman whose extraordinary life illustrates not only the dramatic scientific progress but also the injustice and destruction that have marked the twentieth century. Lise Meitner was een gerespecteerd Oostenrijkse natuurkundige die begin deze eeuw een belangrijke bijdrage leverde aan de kernfysica. Sime laat in deze wetenschappelijke biografie zien dat Meitner in haar hele carrière moest vechten tegen intolerantie van mannelijke collega's en moeite had erkenning te krijgen voor haar werk Traces the life of Jewish physicist Lise Meitner, who had to flee Nazi Germany, codiscovered nuclear fission with Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann, but was denied recognition when the work received a Nobel Prize Lise Meitner was born in Vienna in 1878, the third child of Hedwig and Philipp Meitner.