Linux 101 Examination: Modular Training Notes

1 Foreword Goal of this course Target audience Prerequisites for taking this course Flow of instruction What you need for this course – part time over 8 weeks What you need for this course – instructor led over 1 week Typographic conventions 1.1 About these notes 1.2 Revisions and bugs Known bugs 1.3 Copyright notice 1.4 GNU Free Documentation License 2 BIOS Settings 2.1 BIOS architecture 2.2 Changing BIOS configuration 2.3 IDE disks 2.3.1 Disk geometry and addressing Interrupt 13h “Normal” mode (CHS) “Large” mode 2.3.2 Logical Block Addressing (LBA) Summary of limits 2.3.3 Data transfer PIO modes DMA modes 32 bit transfer Block mode 2.4 Integrated peripherals Display adapter Network card Printer and communications port 2.5 IRQ, DMA, I/O addresses 2.6 Error handling 2.7 Power management* 2.8 Linux view of the BIOS 2.8.1 /proc/{ioports,interrupts,dma,pci} /proc/ioports /proc/interrupts /proc/dma 2.8.2 lspci 2.8.3 boot messages and dmesg* 2.9 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 3 Modems and sound cards 3.1 Modem compatibility and winmodems 3.1.1 External modems 3.1.2 Internal modems 3.1.3 Winmodems4 3.2 Sound cards 3.2.1 ISA cards ... I/O, IRQ and DMA values 3.3 PnP sound cards Kernel 2.2 Kernel 2.4 3.4 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 4 SCSI devices 4.1 SCSI Architecture ID's and jumpers 4.2 The Linux view of SCSI 4.2.1 Kernel modules 4.2.2 /proc/scsi 4.2.3 Devices 4.2.4 SCSI naming 4.3 Booting off a SCSI disk 4.4 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 5 PC cards 5.1 Bus architecture 5.2 Bus resources 5.3 Bus conflict resolution 5.4 PCI card configuration lspci – list PCI devices 5.5 ISA card configuration 5.6 ISA PnP devices 5.7 Kernel interface commands /proc/interrupts /proc/ioports and iomem /proc/dma 5.8 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 6 Device configuration 6.1 PPP connections 6.2 Types of modem 6.2.1 PPP on analogue modems 6.2.2 pppd call myisp 6.3 ISDN adapters Internal ISDN adapters External ISDN terminal adapters 6.4 DSL 6.5 Diagnostic tools ifconfig route -n ping 6.6 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 7 USB hardware 7.1 USB architecture 7.2 USB chipsets and drivers 7.3 USB protocol 7.4 usbmgr 7.5 /sbin/hotplug 7.6 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 8 Partitioning disks 8.1 Disks and partitions Linux naming scheme Extended partitions 8.2 Design criteria Other operating systems /boot within 1024 cylinders /var, /home and / partitions Swap space 8.2.1 Mounting partitions 8.2.2 fstab 8.2.3 Swap space 8.2.4 LVM overview* 8.3 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 9 Boot managers 9.1 Booting and boot managers 9.2 LILO 9.2.1 /etc/lilo.conf 9.2.2 lilo command options Install LILO Uninstall LILO LILO boot floppy 9.2.3 LILO dual boot 9.3 GRUB 9.3.1 /boot/grub/grub.conf 9.3.2 Creating a boot floppy Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 10 Installing from source code 10.1 Unpacking source distributions 10.2 Compiling programs 10.3 Simple build and installation 10.4 ./configure options 10.5 Editing Makefiles 10.6 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 11 Shared libraries 11.1 Purpose and structure of shared libraries 11.2 Using ldd 11.3 Symbol versions 11.4 Configuring the dynamic linker 11.5 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 12 Debian package management 12.1 Debian and .deb Reconfiguring packages 12.2 apt 12.3 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 13 RPM – Redhat package manager 13.1 Purpose of RPM 13.2 RPM database 13.3 RPM functions 13.3.1 Querying the database and package files 13.3.2 Install and upgrading packages 13.3.3 Erase a package 13.4 RPM integrity checking 13.5 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 14 Work on the command line 14.1 Command line overview 14.2 Command line structure The prompt and working directory Commands Command line options 14.3 Environment variables 14.4 $PATH 14.5 Editing commands and command history 14.6 Command substitution $(...) and `...` 14.7 Recursive commands 14.7.1 -r switch 14.7.2 cp -r 14.7.3 chown and chmod 14.7.4 grep -r 14.7.5 find for recursive commands 14.8 Bash session 14.9 Man pages 14.10 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 15 Text filters 15.1 Introduction Other textutils programs 15.2 Input and output redirection 15.3 Selecting parts of a file cat – concatenate head – print out the first lines tail – show the end of a file cut – pull out columns split – split a file into multiple parts 15.4 Sorting tac – the opposite of cat sort – sort the input uniq – discard duplicate lines 15.5 Manipulation tr – character set translation join – join files nl – number lines sed – stream editor expand – tabs to spaces unexpand – spaces to tabs paste – paste two files together 15.6 Formatting fmt – format nicely pr – format for printing od – octal dump (and other formats) wc – count words, lines and characters 15.7 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 16 File management 16.1 Files, directories and ls 16.2 File globbing (wildcards) 16.3 Directories and files mkdir – make directory rmdir – remove directory touch – update a file's time stamp rm – remove files 16.4 Copying and moving cp – copy files mv – move or rename files 16.5 find Using find find tests find -exec 16.6 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 17 Redirection 17.1 Input and output redirection 17.2 Standard input redirection () 17.4 Standard error redirection (2>, 2>>, 2>&1) 17.5 Command pipelines (|) tee – divert a copy to a file 17.6 Command substitution – $(command) and `command` 17.7 xargs 17.8 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 18 Process control 18.1 Job control 18.2 Disconnected processes 18.3 Monitoring processes 18.3.1 ps – process status 18.3.2 top 18.4 Signals kill – send a signal killall – kill all process with a particular name 18.5 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 19 Nice 19.1 Process priority 19.1.1 Using nice 19.1.2 renice 19.2 ps and niceness 19.3 top 19.4 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 20 Regular expressions 20.1 Regular expressions in depth 20.2 Using grep 20.3 sed 20.4 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 21 vi 21.1 vi modes 21.2 Command mode 21.3 ex mode 21.4 Cut and paste 21.5 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 22 fdisk and mkfs 22.1 fdisk 22.2 mkfs 22.3 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 23 fsck 23.1 Disk space 23.1.1 df – disk free 23.1.2 du 23.2 Detecting and correcting errors 23.2.1 fsck 23.2.2 ext2 e2fsck debugfs dumpe2fs tune2fs – change ext2 filesystem parameters 23.2.3 reiserfs 23.3 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 24 Mounting 24.1 mount 24.2 fstab 24.3 Options for mount 24.4 Removable media 24.5 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 25 Quotas 25.1 Overview 25.2 Enabling Quotas 25.3 Setting quotas 25.4 Reporting with repquota 25.5 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 26 Permissions 26.1 Ownership and permissions 26.2 chmod Symbolic chmod Octal chmod Recursive chmod 26.3 File types Regular files Directories Symbolic links Pipes, sockets and devices 26.4 umask 26.5 Ext2 attributes 26.6 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 27 File ownership 27.1 File ownership 27.2 Default group 27.3 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 28 Links 28.1 Hard links 28.2 Symbolic links 28.3 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 29 Finding files 29.1 Filesystem hierarchy standard The root hierarchy The /usr hierarchy The /var hierarchy 29.2 find 29.3 locate 29.4 slocate 29.5 Finding files with whereis 29.6 Finding programs with which 29.7 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 30 XFree86 30.1 X11 architecture 30.2 X server Configuration programs Things to configure Symbolic link /usr/X11R6/bin/X 30.3 Configuration file 30.3.1 Version 3.x 30.3.2 Version 4.x 30.4 Video card and monitor tuning 30.5 Installing fonts 30.6 X font server 30.7 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 31 X display manager 31.1 What is a display manager 31.2 Runlevels and display managers 31.3 Configuring XDM Listening to remote requests xdm Xresources XSetup 31.4 Configuring KDM 31.5 Configuring GDM 31.6 Connecting to a remote display manager Xaccess 31.7 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 32 GUI environment 32.1 Window managers 32.2 .xinitrc and the system-wide window manager 32.3 X applications 32.4 X terminal emulators 32.5 X application library dependencies 32.6 Remote applications 32.6.1 DISPLAY environment variable 32.6.2 Host based access control 32.6.3 MIT cookie access control 32.7 Review Quiz questions Assignment Answers to quiz questions 33 Glossary 34 Index