Linking Sustainable Livelihoods to Natural Resources and Governance [recurso electrónico] The Scale of Poverty in the Muslim World

This book investigates the current level and trend of poverty in the Muslim World, including selected countries in Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, East Asia, the Pacific and South America. Authors explore themes of poverty reduction, poverty alleviation and the extent of influences on social and economic development, particularly natural resource endowments (especially mineral resources) and their utilization. Chapters explore theory and practice, including governance and programmes, and take a detailed look at Zakat as a faith-based policy tool, to reduce poverty and improve livelihoods and thus contribute to better environmental stewardship. The final chapters look at development questions in the Muslim World and make policy recommendations, including a proposed multi-dimensional development collaboration model called the Development Collaboration Octagon Model (DeCOM). Readers will discover theoretical explanations of poverty and how poverty hampers the development of many nations because the poor are unable to partake actively in the development process. Poverty indicators and measurement are discussed, and trends of economic growth including productivity, manufacturing, trade patterns, investment and saving activity, and socio-economic developments are all explored: supporting data is presented in tables and figures, throughout this text. Authors explore the potency and success stories of public poverty alleviation strategies and programmes pursued in the Muslim world, especially the extent to which the institution of Zakat has been effectively incorporated into public poverty alleviation strategies. Policy options required to enhance social and economic development are proposed, to help pull the poor out of the poverty trap into the mainstream economy in the Muslim world. This work will appeal to anyone wishing to scrutinise poverty, its parameters and its relationship with the development of countries in the Muslim world. Scholars in the fields of economics, sociology, geography and Islamic studies will all find something of value here. This book investigates the current level and trend of poverty in the Muslim World, including selected countries in Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, East Asia, the Pacific and South America. Authors explore themes of poverty reduction, the extent of natural resource endowments (especially mineral resources) and the influence on social and economic development. Chapters explore theory and practice, including governance and programmes, and take a detailed look at Zakat as a faith-based policy tool, to reduce poverty and improve livelihoods and thus contribute to better environmental stewardship. The final chapters look at development questions in the Muslim World and make policy recommendations, including a proposed multi-dimensional development collaboration model called the Development Collaboration Octagon Model (DeCOM). Readers will discover theoretical explanations of poverty and how poverty hampers the development of many nations because the poor are unable to partake actively in the development process. Poverty indicators and measurement are discussed, and trends of economic growth including productivity, manufacturing, trade patterns, investment and saving activity are all explored: supporting data is presented in tables and figures, throughout this text. Authors explore the potency and success stories of public poverty alleviation strategies and programmes pursued in the Muslim world, especially the extent to which the institution of Zakat has been effectively incorporated into public poverty alleviation strategies. Policy options required to enhance social and economic development are proposed, to help pull the poor out of the poverty trap into the mainstream economy in the Muslim world. This work will appeal to anyone wishing to scrutinise poverty, its parameters and its relationship with the development of countries in the Muslim world. Scholars in the fields of economics, sociology, geography and Islamic studies will all find something of value here. Front Matter....Pages i-xxiv Introduction....Pages 1-9 Theory and Practice on the Nexus Between Poverty, Natural Resources and Governance....Pages 11-40 Techniques and Methods Used to Investigate Poverty in the Muslim World....Pages 41-57 The Incidence and Trend of Poverty in the Muslim World....Pages 59-76 Natural Resource Endowments and Development Trend in the Muslim World....Pages 77-130 Governance and Poverty Alleviation in the Muslim World....Pages 131-160 Zakat as Policy Tool to Reduce Poverty and Improve Livelihoods....Pages 161-171 Addressing Pertinent Development Questions in the Muslim World....Pages 173-186 Towards a Practicable Development Collaboration....Pages 187-194 Back Matter....Pages 195-198 Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; List of Boxes; List of Figures; List of Photos; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Background; 1.2 The Need to Investigate Poverty in the Muslim World; 1.3 The Aspects and Scope of Poverty Investigated; 1.4 Determining the Link Between Development and Poverty Variables; 1.5 Significance of the Study; 1.6 Some Limitations of the Study; 1.7 Chapter Organisation; References; Chapter 2: Theory and Practice on the Nexus Between Poverty, Natural Resources and Governance; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Theoretical Framework on the Causes of Poverty 3.1.1.2 Constraining FactorsMacro-level Factors; Micro-level Factors; 3.1.1.3 Intervention Measures; 3.1.1.4 Livelihood Outcomes; 3.2 Zakat and Poverty Alleviation; 3.3 Operational Definitions of Concepts; 3.3.1 Poverty; 3.3.2 Muslim World ; 3.3.3 Resources; 3.3.4 Development; 3.3.5 Governance ; 3.3.6 Sustainable Livelihoods; 3.3.7 Zakat ; 3.3.7.1 Zakat on Grazing Animals ; 3.3.7.2 Goats and Sheep; 3.3.7.3 Cattle and Water Buffaloes; 3.3.7.4 Things upon Which Zakat Is Not Required; 3.3.7.5 Recipients of Zakat (Asnaf); 3.4 Research Design; 3.5 Source of Data; 3.6 Research Instruments 2.4.3 Poverty Alleviation and Redistributive Justice2.4.4 Poverty in Muslim Countries; 2.5 Empirical Perspective of Poverty, Natural Resources and Governance; 2.5.1 Good Governance ; 2.5.1.1 The Role of the State in Economic and Social Development ; 2.5.2 Natural Resource Utilisation and Development; 2.5.3 Poverty Alleviation and Redistributive Justice; 2.5.4 Poverty in Muslim Countries; References; Chapter 3: Techniques and Methods Used to Investigate Poverty in the Muslim World ; 3.1 Conceptual Framework; 3.1.1 Sustainable Livelihood Framework; 3.1.1.1 Livelihood Resources 2.2.1 Islamic Perspective of Poverty2.2.1.1 Islamic Public Welfare; 2.2.1.2 Social Cohesion; 2.2.1.3 Social Exclusion; 2.3 Other Theoretical Explanations of Poverty; 2.3.1 The Individualistic Theory of Poverty; 2.3.2 The Culture of Poverty; 2.3.3 The Structural Theory of Poverty; 2.3.4 Geography of Poverty; 2.3.5 The Cyclical Theory of Poverty; 2.4 Theoretical Perspective of Poverty, Natural Resources and Governance; 2.4.1 Good Governance ; 2.4.1.1 The Role of the State in Economic and Social Development ; 2.4.2 Natural Resource Utilisation and Development 3.7 Methods of Data Collection3.8 Methods of Data Analysis; References; Chapter 4: The Incidence and Trend of Poverty in the Muslim World; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Poverty Indicators and Measurement; 4.2.1 Poverty Headcount Index; 4.2.2 Poverty Gap Index (PGI); 4.2.3 Squared Poverty Gap Index; 4.2.4 Significance of Poverty Measures; 4.3 Poverty from Islamic Perspective; 4.4 Poverty Trend in the Selected Muslim Countries; 4.4.1 The African Region; 4.4.2 Middle East and Central Asian Region; 4.4.3 East Asia, the Pacific and South American Region 4.4.4 Poverty Trends Within and Across the Muslim Regions