LINEAR PLANNING TO REDUCE REGIONAL INEQUALITY : a theoretical review and the case of the way of... st. james

This book explores the advantages of a linear model of planning in reducing regional inequalities. Linear planning, commonly discussed in the past as a method which plans the development of the city, is completely redefined here in the form of a design approach inspired by projects shaped by linear routes, such as cycle or walking paths. Such concept is applied to the urgent topic of territorial marginality which specifically neglects rural and mountainous areas and recently is coped by European and National policies. The analysis of these policies demonstrates the necessity of alternative strategies equipped to deal with both the internal and external causes that determine the critical conditions in these fragile environments. By implementing the concept of linear planning in these contexts, this book proposes to enlarge the perspective of traditional policies contrasting the regional inequalities that usually determine the design of projects just within the boundaries of the marginal areas. Cycle and walking paths are experimental cases of linear planning as they have not been influenced or formed by political boundaries and therefore are able to equally involve both the central and marginal zones. This book presents a review of current issues such as regional inequalities, with attention to their related policies, as well as an analysis of the concept of linear planning as seen through the study of one of the most famous cases of a walking path―the Way of St. James in Spain. Preface Contents Part I Introducing Linear Planning 1 Defining the Linear Planning: From the Concept of Line to the Design Approach 1.1 The Word “Line”—Basics 1.2 The First Feature: Line as Track 1.3 The Second Feature: Line Is Slow 1.4 The Third Feature: The Line Has a Territorial Dimension 1.5 The Fourth Feature: Line as an Infrastructure 1.6 From Lines to Linear Planning References 2 Why Associating Lines and Regional Inequality? 2.1 The Core-periphery Dynamic as Consequence of Regional Inequality 2.2 A Criterion to Define Marginality: From Geographical to Organized Proximity 2.3 Policies to Face Marginality and Regional Inequality 2.4 Lines as Tools of Rebalance Between Center and Margin References 3 Walking and Cycle Ways as Cases of Linear Approach 3.1 Walking and Cycle Ways in a Linear Perspective 3.2 Walking and Pedaling to Choose the Slowness 3.3 Slowness and Tourism: How to Define Slow Tourism 3.4 Slow Tourism or Slow Travel? References Part II An Experiment of Linear Planning: The Way of St. James in Spain 4 From the Historical to the Contemporary Way 4.1 The Historical Construction of the Way 4.2 The Construction of a Way, the Construction of a Territory 4.3 The Paths Beyond the Pilgrimages 4.4 The Symbolic Role of the Way During the Franco Dictatorship 4.5 The New Secular Values of the Way 4.6 From Historical Context to the Contemporary Way References 5 Public Policies and Governance for a Tourist Path 5.1 Activation of the Process: New Actors and Policies to Prepare the Xacobeo1993 5.2 The Creation of the Contemporary Way: The Infrastructure and the Network of Public Hostels 5.3 The Governance of the Way After the Xacobeo1993 5.4 Are Public Policies and Governance Necessary for Tourism? References 6 Slow Tourist Line as a Tool to Enhance the Cooperative Dimension 6.1 Vertical Cooperation for the Coordinated Governance of the Line 6.2 Horizontal Cooperation for Dialogue Between Municipalities 6.3 Cooperation Against Fragmentation References 7 How Regional and Urban Planning Change with the Presence of the Line 7.1 Restrictions and Norms: The Protection of the Historical Way 7.2 Restrictions and Norms: The Official Delimitation of the Way 7.3 Linear Planning Along the Way 7.4 Designing a Regional Plan Along the Line: The Case of Castile Leon and Aragon 7.5 Designing Urban Places Along the Line: The Case of Galicia 7.6 Designing the Territory Starting from the Lines References Part III Linear Planning in the Public Policies Against the Regional Inequality 8 The Italian Strategy for the Inner Areas: A Recent Policy to Reduce Marginality 8.1 SNAI as National Declination of European Cohesion Policy 8.2 A New Classification of Italian Marginality 8.3 The Regeneration of Inner Areas According to SNAI 8.4 Some Critical Aspects in the Local Application of the SNAI References 9 Slow Tourism in Development Strategies for Inner Areas 9.1 Slow Tourism for Marginal Areas 9.2 Inner Areas and Slow Tourism in the Theory 9.3 Inner Areas and Slow Tourism in the Reality 9.4 Slow Tourism and Inner Areas: The Path to Follow References 10 Experimenting Linear Planning Against Regional Marginality: A Possible Application in the Italian Case 10.1 Does It Make Sense to Define Marginality? 10.2 The Line to Go Beyond the Boundaries of the Margins 10.3 The Linear Planning Approach in the SNAI: The Proposal of a Linear Project-Area 10.4 How to Make the Linear Planning Possible: Lessons from the Way of St. James 10.5 Limits and Future of the Linear Planning References