Liberty, Equality, and Power: A History of the American People (CengageNOW)

understanding The Past Helps Us Navigate The Present And Future. When You Read This Text, You Will Not Only Learn About American History, You Will Be Exposed To Movies And Music That Tell The Stories Of American History In Addition To The Reading Material You Expect In A College Level History Book. A Highly Respected, Balanced, And Thoroughly Modern Approach To Us History, Liberty, Equality, Power, Uses Themes In A Unique Approach To Show How The United States Was Transformed, In A Relatively Short Time, From A Land Inhabited By Hunter-gatherer And Agricultural Native American Societies Into The Most Powerful Industrial Nation On Earth. This Approach Helps You Understand Not Only The Impact Of The Notions Of Liberty And Equality, Which Are Often Associated With The American Story, But Also How Dominant And Subordinate Groups Have Affected And Been Affected By The Ever-shifting Balance Of Power. Front Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 2 Copyright......Page 3 CONTENTS IN DETAIL......Page 7 MAPS......Page 22 HISTORY THROUGH FILM......Page 23 MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST......Page 24 TO THE STUDENT......Page 25 PREFACE......Page 32 CHAPTER 1 WHEN OLD WORLDS COLLIDE: CONTACT, CONQUEST, CATASTROPHE......Page 41 CHRONOLOGY......Page 43 The Great Extinction and the Rise of Agriculture......Page 44 The Norsemen......Page 45 Europe versus Islam......Page 46 The Legacy of the Crusades......Page 47 The Unlikely Pioneer: Portugal......Page 48 Africa, Colonies, and the Slave Trade......Page 49 Portugal's Asian Empire......Page 51 Spain, Columbus, and the Americas......Page 52 Columbus......Page 53 Spain and the Caribbean......Page 54 The Rise of Sedentary Cultures......Page 56 Inca Civilization......Page 58 Mesoamerica: Cycles of Complex Cultures......Page 59 The Aztecs and Tenochtitlán......Page 63 North American Mound Builders......Page 64 Urban Cultures of the Southwest......Page 66 Religious Dilemmas......Page 67 War as Cultural Misunderstanding......Page 69 The Conquest of Mexico and Peru......Page 70 North American Conquistadores and Missionaries......Page 71 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: The Mission......Page 72 The Spanish Empire and Demographic Catastrophe......Page 73 Global Colossus, Global Economy......Page 75 Explanations: Patterns of Conquest, Submission, and Resistance......Page 76 Conclusion......Page 77 CHAPTER 2 THE CHALLENGE TO SPAIN AND THE SETTLEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA......Page 79 CHRONOLOGY......Page 81 Missions and Furs......Page 82 New France under Louis XIV......Page 83 The Dutch and Swedish Settlements......Page 84 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Black Robe......Page 85 New Netherland as a Pluralistic Society......Page 86 Swedish and English Encroachments......Page 87 Gilbert, Ireland, and America......Page 88 The Swarming of the English......Page 89 The Jamestown Disaster......Page 91 Reorganization, Reform, and Crisis......Page 92 Tobacco, Servants, and Survival......Page 93 Maryland......Page 95 Chesapeake Family Life......Page 96 The West Indies and the Transition to Slavery......Page 97 The Pilgrims and Plymouth......Page 99 Covenant Theology......Page 100 Massachusetts Bay......Page 101 Puritan Family Life......Page 102 Conversion, Dissent, and Expansion......Page 103 Congregations, Towns, and Colony Governments......Page 104 Infant Baptism and New Dissent......Page 105 The First Restoration Colonies......Page 106 Carolina, Harrington, and the Aristocratic Ideal......Page 107 New York: An Experiment in Absolutism......Page 108 Quaker Beliefs......Page 110 West New Jersey......Page 111 Pennsylvania......Page 112 Conclusion......Page 114 CHAPTER 3 ENGLAND DISCOVERS ITS COLONIES: EMPIRE, LIBERTY, AND EXPANSION......Page 117 CHRONOLOGY......Page 119 Race, Ethnicity, and Economy......Page 120 Religion and Education......Page 121 The Beginnings of Empire......Page 122 Upheaval in America: The Critical 1640s......Page 123 The First Navigation Act......Page 124 Restoration Navigation Acts......Page 125 Indian Strategies of Survival......Page 127 Puritan Indian Missions......Page 128 Metacom's (or King Philip's) War......Page 129 Virginia's Indian War......Page 131 Bacon's Rebellion......Page 132 The Lords of Trade and Imperial Reform......Page 134 The Dominion of New England......Page 136 The English Response......Page 137 The Salem Witch Trials......Page 138 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Three Sovereigns for Sarah......Page 139 The Mixed and Balanced Constitution......Page 140 Contrasting Empires: Spain and France in North America......Page 142 New France and the Middle Ground......Page 143 French Louisiana and Spanish Texas......Page 144 The Voluntaristic Ethic and Public Life......Page 146 Three Warring Empires, 1689–1716......Page 147 Conclusion......Page 149 CHAPTER 4 PROVINCIAL AMERICA AND THE STRUGGLE FOR A CONTINENT......Page 151 Threats to Householder Autonomy......Page 153 Emergence of the Old South......Page 154 The Backcountry......Page 158 New England: A Faltering Economy and Paper Money......Page 159 The World of Print......Page 160 MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: He Could Make a Lass Weep......Page 161 The Enlightenment in America......Page 162 Lawyers and Doctors......Page 163 Georgia: The Failure of an Enlightenment Utopia......Page 164 Origins of the Revivals......Page 165 Disruptions......Page 166 New Colleges......Page 167 The Rise of the Assembly and the Governor......Page 168 Country Constitutions: The Southern Colonies......Page 169 The Renewal of Imperial Conflict......Page 170 Challenges to French Power......Page 171 The Danger of Slave Revolts and War with Spain......Page 172 France versus Britain: King George's War......Page 174 The Impending Storm......Page 175 The Albany Congress and the Onset of War......Page 176 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: The War That Made America......Page 177 Britain's Years of Defeat......Page 178 A World War......Page 180 Imperial Tensions: From Loudoun to Pitt......Page 181 The Years of British Victory......Page 182 The Cherokee War and Spanish Intervention......Page 185 Conclusion......Page 186 CHAPTER 5 REFORM, RESISTANCE, REVOLUTION......Page 189 CHRONOLOGY......Page 191 Indian Policy and Pontiac's War......Page 192 The Currency Act and the Quartering Act......Page 194 The Stamp Act......Page 195 Nullification......Page 196 Repeal......Page 197 The Townshend Crisis......Page 199 Resistance: The Politics of Escalation......Page 200 An Experiment in Military Coercion......Page 201 The Wilkes Crisis......Page 202 The Boston Massacre......Page 203 Disaffection......Page 204 The Feudal Revival and Rural Discontent......Page 205 MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: An American Heart of Oak......Page 206 The Regulator Movements in the Carolinas......Page 208 Slaves and Women......Page 209 The Tea Crisis......Page 210 Britain's Response: The Coercive Acts......Page 211 The Radical Explosion......Page 212 Toward War......Page 214 The Improvised War......Page 215 The Second Continental Congress......Page 216 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: 1776......Page 218 Independence......Page 219 AMERICANS ABROAD: The European Power of a Self-Taught American......Page 220 Conclusion......Page 221 CHAPTER 6 THE REVOLUTIONARY REPUBLIC......Page 223 CHRONOLOGY......Page 225 The Campaigns of 1777 and Foreign Intervention......Page 226 The Loss of Philadelphia......Page 228 Saratoga......Page 229 French Intervention......Page 230 John Adams and the Separation of Powers......Page 231 The Pennsylvania Constitution......Page 232 Massachusetts Redefines Constitutionalism......Page 233 Confederation......Page 234 Loyalist Refugees, Black and White......Page 235 The Indian Struggle for Unity and Survival......Page 236 Attrition......Page 237 The British Offensive in the South......Page 240 Mutiny and Reform......Page 243 From the Ravaging of Virginia to Yorktown and Peace......Page 244 Religious Transformations......Page 246 The First Emancipation......Page 247 Western Expansion, Discontent, and Conflict with Indians......Page 249 The Northwest Ordinance......Page 250 Commerce, Debt, and Shays's Rebellion......Page 251 AMERICANS ABROAD: An American Views the French Revolution......Page 253 Cosmopolitans versus Localists......Page 254 The Philadelphia Convention......Page 255 Ratification......Page 256 Conclusion......Page 257 CHAPTER 7 COMPLETING THE REVOLUTION, 1789–1815......Page 259 CHRONOLOGY......Page 261 The First Congress......Page 262 Hamiltonian Economics: The National Debt......Page 263 The Rise of Opposition......Page 264 Americans and the French Revolution......Page 265 Citizen Genêt......Page 266 Western Troubles: Indians......Page 267 Washington's Farewell......Page 269 Troubles with France, 1796–1800......Page 270 The Crisis at Home, 1798–1800......Page 271 The Election of 1800......Page 272 The Republican Program......Page 273 Cleansing the Government......Page 274 The Impeachments of Pickering and Chase......Page 275 Justice Marshall's Court......Page 276 Louisiana......Page 277 Lewis and Clark......Page 278 The Republic and the Napoleonic Wars, 1804–1815......Page 279 Embargo......Page 280 The War Hawk Congress, 1811–1812......Page 281 American Strategy in 1812......Page 282 The Rise of Tecumseh......Page 283 Tecumseh's Last Stand......Page 284 The British Offensive, 1814......Page 286 The Hartford Convention......Page 287 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: The Buccaneer......Page 288 Conclusion......Page 289 CHAPTER 8 NORTHERN TRANSFORMATIONS, 1790–1850......Page 291 CHRONOLOGY......Page 293 Neighborhoods......Page 295 Inheritance......Page 296 The Seaport Cities......Page 297 Settlement......Page 299 The Alcoholic Republic......Page 300 Transportation in 1815......Page 301 Improvements......Page 302 Time and Money......Page 304 Northeastern Farms, 1815–1860......Page 306 Southern Settlers......Page 307 Northern Farmers......Page 308 Households......Page 309 Neighborhoods......Page 310 Factory Towns: The Rhode Island System......Page 311 Cities......Page 312 Metropolitan Industrialization......Page 313 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: A Midwife's Tale......Page 314 Conclusion......Page 315 CHAPTER 9 THE OLD SOUTH, 1790–1850......Page 317 Race, Gender, and Chesapeake Labor......Page 319 The Lowcountry, 1790–1820......Page 320 The Rise of the Cotton Belt......Page 321 The Interstate Slave Trade......Page 322 Cotton and Slave Labor......Page 324 Mastery as a Way of Life......Page 326 Southern Families......Page 327 Yeomen and Planters......Page 328 Yeoman Neighborhoods......Page 329 Slave Families......Page 330 The Slave Trade and the Slave Family......Page 331 The Beginnings of African American Christianity in the Chesapeake......Page 332 Slave Theology......Page 333 Gabriel's Rebellion......Page 334 Nat Turner......Page 335 A Balance Sheet: The Plantation and Southern Growth......Page 336 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Beloved......Page 337 Conclusion......Page 339 CHAPTER 10 TOWARD AN AMERICAN CULTURE......Page 341 CHRONOLOGY......Page 343 The Evangelical Base......Page 344 Domesticity......Page 345 Sentimentality......Page 346 The Rise of the Democratic Sects......Page 348 Popular Millennialism......Page 350 Family and Society......Page 351 Blood Sports......Page 352 Boxing......Page 353 Minstrelsy......Page 354 AMERICANS ABROAD: Edwin Forrest in Edinburgh: The Hiss Heard Round The World......Page 355 Novels and the Penny Press......Page 356 The Beginnings of the Bible Belt......Page 358 Gender, Power, and the Evangelicals......Page 359 Religious Conservatism......Page 360 The Mission to the Slaves......Page 361 Race......Page 362 The Beginnings of Modern Racism......Page 363 Citizenship......Page 366 Conclusion......Page 367 CHAPTER 11 DEMOCRATS AND WHIGS......Page 369 CHRONOLOGY......Page 371 Commerce and the Law......Page 373 The Missouri Compromise......Page 374 The Panic of 1819......Page 375 The Election of 1824......Page 376 "A Corrupt Bargain"......Page 377 Jacksonian Melodrama......Page 378 The Birth of the Democratic Party......Page 379 The Election of 1828......Page 380 The Spoils System......Page 381 Jacksonian Democracy and the South......Page 382 Southerners and the Tariff......Page 383 Nullification......Page 384 The "Petticoat Wars"......Page 385 The Fall of Calhoun......Page 386 Petitions, the Gag Rule, and the Southern Mails......Page 387 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Amistad......Page 388 The Bank War......Page 389 The Beginnings of the Whig Party......Page 390 A Balanced Budget......Page 391 "Martin Van Ruin"......Page 392 The Election of 1840......Page 393 Two Parties......Page 394 Conclusion......Page 395 CHAPTER 12 WHIGS, DEMOCRATS, AND THE SHAPING OF SOCIETY......Page 397 The North and West......Page 399 The South......Page 400 Government and Its Limits......Page 401 Banks......Page 402 Internal Improvements......Page 403 Public Schools......Page 404 Prisons......Page 405 Asylums......Page 406 The South and Social Reform......Page 407 The Origins of Prohibition......Page 408 The Democratization of Temperance......Page 409 Temperance Schisms......Page 410 Democratic Racism......Page 411 Abolitionists......Page 412 Agitation......Page 413 The Politics of Gender and Sex......Page 414 Moral Reform......Page 415 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Not for Ourselves Alone......Page 416 Women's Rights......Page 417 Conclusion......Page 418 CHAPTER 13 MANIFEST DESTINY: AN EMPIRE FOR LIBERTY—OR SLAVERY?......Page 421 Manifest Destiny and Slavery......Page 423 The Westering Impulse......Page 424 The Oregon and California Trails......Page 425 The Republic of Texas......Page 427 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: The Alamo......Page 428 The Annexation Controversy......Page 429 The Mexican War......Page 430 Military Campaigns of 1846......Page 431 Antiwar Sentiment......Page 432 The Wilmot Proviso......Page 433 The Free Soil Party......Page 435 The Gold Rush and California Statehood......Page 436 The Senate Debates......Page 437 Passage of the Compromise......Page 438 The Slave-Catchers......Page 439 AMERICANS ABROAD: 4 0 1 William and Ellen Craft Aid the Causes of Freedom and Union in England......Page 440 Filibustering......Page 442 LINK TO THE PAST: Demands for the Expansion of Slavery......Page 443 Conclusion......Page 444 CHAPTER 14 THE GATHERING TEMPEST, 1853–1860......Page 447 The Kansas-Nebraska Act......Page 449 Immigration and Nativism......Page 451 Immigrants in Politics......Page 452 The Rise of the Know-Nothings......Page 453 Bleeding Kansas......Page 454 The Caning of Sumner......Page 456 The Election of 1856......Page 457 The Dred Scott Case......Page 458 The Lecompton Constitution......Page 460 "The American System of Manufactures"......Page 461 The Southern Economy......Page 464 Labor Conditions in the North......Page 466 MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: The Waltz—An Immoral Dance?......Page 468 The Panic of 1857......Page 469 The Free-Labor Ideology......Page 470 Southern Nonslaveholders......Page 471 The Lincoln-Douglas Debates......Page 472 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Abe Lincoln in Illinois......Page 473 The Freeport Doctrine......Page 474 John Brown at Harpers Ferry......Page 475 Conclusion......Page 476 CHAPTER 15 SECESSION AND CIVIL WAR, 1860–1862......Page 479 CHRONOLOGY......Page 481 Southern Fears......Page 482 Northerners Affirm the Union......Page 485 Compromise Proposals......Page 486 Establishment of the Confederacy......Page 487 The Fort Sumter Issue......Page 488 Choosing Sides......Page 489 The Border States......Page 490 The Creation of West Virginia......Page 491 The Balance Sheet of War......Page 492 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: The Red Badge of Courage......Page 493 Strategy and Morale......Page 494 Weapons and Tactics......Page 495 Logistics......Page 496 Financing the War......Page 497 Navies, the Blockade, and Foreign Relations......Page 498 King Cotton Diplomacy......Page 499 The Monitor and the Virginia......Page 500 Campaigns and Battles, 1861–1862......Page 501 Naval Operations......Page 502 The Battle of Shiloh......Page 504 The Virginia Theater......Page 505 The Seven Days' Battles......Page 507 Confederate Counteroffensives......Page 508 Conclusion......Page 510 CHAPTER 16 A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM, 1862–1865......Page 513 The "Contrabands"......Page 515 The Decision for Emancipation......Page 516 New Calls for Troops......Page 517 The Battle of Antietam......Page 518 The Emancipation Proclamation......Page 520 LINK TO THE PAST: "We Cannot Escape History": Abraham Lincoln......Page 522 Economic Problems in the South......Page 523 The Wartime Draft and Class Tensions......Page 524 Women and the War......Page 526 The Gettysburg Campaign......Page 528 Chickamauga and Chattanooga......Page 530 Black Men in Blue......Page 532 Black Soldiers in Combat......Page 533 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Glory......Page 534 Out of the Wilderness......Page 535 Stalemate in Virginia......Page 537 Peace Overtures......Page 538 The Prisoner-Exchange Controversy......Page 540 The Shenandoah Valley......Page 541 Fort Fisher and Sherman's March through the Carolinas......Page 542 The Road to Appomattox......Page 544 Conclusion......Page 546 CHAPTER 17 RECONSTRUCTION, 1863–1877......Page 549 Radical Republicans and Reconstruction......Page 551 Johnson's Policy......Page 553 Southern Defiance......Page 554 The Freedmen's Bureau......Page 555 Land for the Landless......Page 556 The Advent of Congressional Reconstruction......Page 557 Schism between President and Congress......Page 558 The Reconstruction Acts of 1867......Page 559 The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson......Page 560 The 15th Amendment......Page 561 The Election of 1868......Page 562 AMERICANS ABROAD: Dan Sickles Tries to Provoke War with Spain......Page 563 Civil Service Reform......Page 564 Blacks in Office......Page 565 "Scalawags"......Page 566 The Election of 1872......Page 567 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: The Birth of a Nation......Page 568 The Retreat from Reconstruction......Page 569 The Mississippi Election of 1875......Page 570 The Supreme Court and Reconstruction......Page 571 The Election of 1876......Page 572 Disputed Results......Page 573 Conclusion......Page 574 CHAPTER 18 A TRANSFORMED NATION: THE WEST AND THE NEW SOUTH, 1865–1900......Page 577 CHRONOLOGY......Page 579 Railroads......Page 580 Chinese Laborers and the Railroads......Page 581 Mining......Page 582 Cattle Drives and the Open Range......Page 583 The Industrialization of Ranching......Page 585 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Oklahoma!......Page 586 Mexican Americans......Page 587 The Experience of Homesteading......Page 588 Gender and Western Settlement......Page 589 Conquest and Resistance: American Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West......Page 590 Conflict with the Sioux......Page 591 The "Peace Policy"......Page 592 The Ghost Dance......Page 593 Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill: Popular Myths of the West......Page 595 Race and Industrialization......Page 596 Race Relations in the New South......Page 597 The Rise of Jim Crow......Page 598 Knife-Edge Electoral Balance......Page 600 Civil Service Reform......Page 601 Conclusion......Page 602 CHAPTER 19 THE EMERGENCE OF CORPORATE AMERICA, 1865–1900......Page 605 CHRONOLOGY......Page 607 Technological Innovation and Celebrations of the Machine......Page 608 Changes in Business Organization and Practice......Page 609 Class Distinction and Cultural Hierarchy......Page 611 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: The Molly Maguires......Page 612 The Middle-class Home......Page 613 Domesticity vs.Work......Page 614 The New Woman......Page 615 Middle-class Cultural Institutions......Page 616 Racial Hierarchy and the City: The 1893 Columbian Exhibition......Page 617 Commercial Amusements......Page 618 Emergence of a National Culture......Page 619 Mail-order Catalogues......Page 620 Workers' Resistance to the New Corporate Order......Page 621 The Knights of Labor......Page 622 The Homestead Strike......Page 623 The Pullman Strike......Page 624 Farmers 'Movements......Page 625 Resistance to Railroads......Page 626 The Greenback and Silver Movements......Page 627 The Rise and Fall of the People's Party......Page 628 The Silver Issue......Page 629 The Election of 1896......Page 630 Conclusion......Page 631 CHAPTER 20 AN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY, 1900–1920......Page 633 CHRONOLOGY......Page 635 Mass Production and Distribution......Page 636 Corporate Consolidation......Page 637 Revolution in Management......Page 638 Scientific Management on the Factory Floor......Page 639 "Robber Barons"No More......Page 641 Obsession with Physical and Racial Fitness......Page 642 Immigration......Page 643 European Immigration......Page 644 Chinese and Japanese Immigration......Page 645 Immigrant Labor......Page 646 A Network of Institutions......Page 648 Political Machines and Organized Crime......Page 649 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: The Jazz Singer......Page 650 African American Labor and Community......Page 652 MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: Before Jazz: An Early African American Orchestra......Page 653 Workers and Unions......Page 654 Samuel F. Gompers and the AFL......Page 655 "Big Bill" Haywood and the IWW......Page 656 The Joys of the City......Page 658 Feminism......Page 659 Conclusion......Page 660 CHAPTER 21 PROGRESSIVISM......Page 663 CHRONOLOGY......Page 665 Hull House......Page 667 AMERICANS ABROAD: Florence Kelley: A European-Inspired Search for Social Justice......Page 668 The Cultural Conservatism of Progressive Reformers......Page 669 A Nation of Clubwomen......Page 670 Socialists and Progressives......Page 671 Municipal Reform......Page 672 The City Manager Plan......Page 673 Creating a Virtuous Electorate......Page 674 Disenfranchisement......Page 675 Woman Suffrage......Page 676 LINK TO THE PAST: Humor and the Woman Suffrage Movement......Page 678 Robert La Follette and Wisconsin Progressivism......Page 679 The Failure of Accommodationism......Page 680 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: The Great White Hope......Page 681 From the Niagara Movement to the NAACP......Page 682 The Roosevelt Presidency......Page 683 Expanding Government Power: The Environment......Page 684 Battling Congress......Page 686 Roosevelt's Return......Page 687 The Election of 1912......Page 688 The Federal Reserve Act......Page 689 From the New Freedom to the New Nationalism......Page 691 Conclusion......Page 692 CHAPTER 22 BECOMING A WORLD POWER, 1898–1917......Page 695 CHRONOLOGY......Page 697 AMERICANS ABROAD: The Luce Family and China: Missionary Work, Education, and the Origins of an American Media Empire......Page 698 Imperialists......Page 699 The Spanish-American War......Page 701 "A Splendid Little War"......Page 702 MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: Music for Patriots......Page 705 The United States Becomes a World Power......Page 706 The Debate over the Treaty of Paris......Page 707 The American-Filipino War......Page 708 Controlling Cuba and Puerto Rico......Page 709 China and the "Open Door"......Page 710 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Tarzan, the Ape Man......Page 711 Theodore Roosevelt, Geopolitician......Page 712 The Panama Canal......Page 713 Keeping the Peace in East Asia......Page 715 William Howard Taft, Dollar Diplomat......Page 717 Woodrow Wilson, Struggling Idealist......Page 718 Conclusion......Page 720 CHAPTER 23 WAR AND SOCIETY, 1914–1920......Page 723 CHRONOLOGY......Page 725 Submarine Warfare......Page 727 The Peace Movement......Page 728 Wilson's Vision: "Peace without Victory"......Page 729 American Intervention......Page 730 Securing Workers, Keeping Labor Peace......Page 733 AMERICANS ABROAD: Herbert C. Hoover: International Mining Engineer, Businessman, and Public Servant......Page 734 LINK TO THE PAST: "A Storm of Our People toward the North"......Page 735 Raising an Army......Page 736 Arousing Patriotic Ardor......Page 740 Wartime Repression......Page 741 The Failure of the International Peace......Page 743 The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles......Page 744 The League of Nations......Page 745 Wilson versus Lodge: The Fight over Ratification......Page 746 The Treaty's Final Defeat......Page 747 Labor-Capital Conflict......Page 748 Radicals and the Red Scare......Page 749 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Reds......Page 750 Racial Conflict and the Rise of Black Nationalism......Page 751 Conclusion......Page 752 CHAPTER 24 THE 1920S......Page 755 CHRONOLOGY......Page 757 The Rise of Advertising and Mass Marketing......Page 759 Changing Attitudes toward Marriage and Sexuality......Page 760 An Age of Celebrity......Page 761 Celebrating Business Civilization......Page 762 Industrial Workers......Page 763 Women and Work......Page 764 The Women's Movement Adrift......Page 765 Harding and the Politics of Personal Gain......Page 766 Coolidge and Laissez-Faire Politics......Page 767 The Politics of Business Abroad......Page 768 Agricultural Depression......Page 770 Cultural Dislocation......Page 771 The Ku Klux Klan......Page 773 Immigration Restriction......Page 774 The Scopes Trial......Page 776 European American Ethnics......Page 777 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Inherit the Wind......Page 779 African Americans......Page 780 The Harlem Renaissance......Page 782 Mexican Americans......Page 783 The "Lost Generation" and Disillusioned Intellectuals......Page 784 AMERICANS ABROAD: Josephine Baker: An African American Entertainer in Paris......Page 785 Democracy on the Defensive......Page 786 Conclusion......Page 787 CHAPTER 25 THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE NEW DEAL, 1929–1939......Page 789 CHRONOLOGY......Page 791 A Maldistribution of Wealth......Page 792 Hoover's Program......Page 793 A Culture in Crisis......Page 794 An Early Life of Privilege......Page 795 The First New Deal, 1933–1935......Page 796 Economic Relief......Page 798 Agricultural Reform......Page 799 Rebuilding the Nation's Infrastructure......Page 801 The TVA Alternative......Page 802 The New Deal and Western Development......Page 803 Populist Critics of the New Deal......Page 804 Labor Protests......Page 805 Philosophical Underpinnings......Page 807 Legislation......Page 808 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Mr. Deeds Goes to Town......Page 809 Rhetoric Versus Reality......Page 810 Men, Women, and Reform......Page 811 Labor in Politics and Culture......Page 814 America's Minorities and the New Deal......Page 816 Mexican Americans......Page 817 American Indians......Page 818 The New Deal Abroad......Page 819 The Court-Packing Fiasco......Page 820 Conclusion......Page 821 CHAPTER 26 AMERICA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR......Page 825 U.S. Neutrality......Page 827 The Mounting Crisis......Page 828 AMERICANS ABROAD: Margaret Bourke-White: Adventure as a Photojournalist The Outbreak of War in Europe......Page 829 The U.S. Response to War in Europe......Page 830 An "Arsenal of Democracy"......Page 832 Pearl Harbor......Page 833 Fighting the War in Europe......Page 834 Campaigns in North Africa and Italy......Page 835 Operation OVERLORD......Page 837 China Policy......Page 839 U.S. Strategy in the Pacific......Page 840 A New President, the Atomic Bomb, and Japan's Surrender......Page 843 Business and Finance......Page 845 The Workforce......Page 846 The Labor Front......Page 847 Selling the War......Page 849 MUSICAL LINK TO THE PAST: Songs of the Second World War......Page 850 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Casablanca......Page 851 Gender Issues......Page 853 Racial Issues......Page 855 Social Movements......Page 857 Shaping the Peace......Page 858 Spheres of Interest and Postwar Settlements......Page 859 Conclusion......Page 861 CHAPTER 27 THE AGE OF CONTAINMENT, 1946–1953......Page 863 CHRONOLOGY......Page 865 Containment Abroad: The Truman Doctrine......Page 866 The National Security Act, the Marshall Plan, and the Berlin Crisis......Page 867 The Election of 1948......Page 869 NATO, China, and the Bomb......Page 870 The Korean War......Page 872 Korea and Containment......Page 874 AMERICANS ABROAD: Edward Lansdale: Psy-ops in the Cold War......Page 876 Anticommunism and the U.S. Labor Movement......Page 877 HUAC and the Search for Subversives......Page 878 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: High Noon......Page 879 Targeting Difference......Page 880 The "Great Fear"......Page 881 McCarthyism......Page 882 Truman's Fair Deal......Page 883 Shaping the Fair Deal......Page 884 Civil Rights......Page 886 The Baseball "Color Line"......Page 887 New Suburban Developments......Page 888 Postwar Hollywood......Page 890 The Election of 1952......Page 891 A Soldier-Politician......Page 892 Conclusion......Page 893 CHAPTER 28 AFFLUENCE AND ITS DISCONTENTS, 1953–1963......Page 895 CHRONOLOGY......Page 897 AMERICANS ABROAD: Willis Conover: Fighting the Cold War with Musical Culture......Page 898 The New Look, Global Alliances, and Summitry......Page 899 Covert Action and Economic Leverage......Page 900 The Middle East, Asia, and Africa......Page 901 Vietnam......Page 902 Economic Growth......Page 903 Labor–Management Accord......Page 906 Political Pluralism......Page 907 Discontents of Affluence......Page 908 Conformity in an Affluent Society......Page 909 Restive Youth......Page 910 The Mass Culture Debate......Page 911 The New Suburbs and Gender Ideals......Page 912 Signs of Women's Changing Roles......Page 913 The Brown Cases, 1954–1955......Page 914 The Montgomery Bus Boycott and Martin Luther King, Jr.......Page 916 The Politics of Civil Rights: From the Local to the Global......Page 917 American Indian Policy......Page 918 The Growth of Spanish-Speaking Populations......Page 919 Urban-Suburban Issues......Page 920 The New Conservatives......Page 921 Advocates of a More Active Government......Page 922 The Election of 1960......Page 924 Cuba and Berlin......Page 925 Southeast Asia and "Flexible Response"......Page 926 Policy Making during the Early 1960s......Page 927 The Civil-Rights Movement, 1960–1963......Page 928 Women's Issues......Page 929 The Assassination of John F. Kennedy......Page 930 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: JFK......Page 931 Conclusion......Page 932 CHAPTER 29 AMERICA DURING ITS LONGEST WAR, 1963–1974......Page 935 CHRONOLOGY......Page 937 The Election of 1964......Page 939 Evaluating the Great Society......Page 941 Escalation in Vietnam......Page 942 The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution......Page 943 The War Continues to Widen......Page 944 The Media and the War......Page 946 The Movement of Movements......Page 947 Movements on College Campuses: A New Left......Page 948 The Counterculture......Page 949 African American Social Movements......Page 951 HISTORY THROUGH FILM: Malcolm X......Page 952 AMERICANS ABROAD: Cassius Clay/Muhammad Ali: Champion of the Whole World......Page 953 The Antiwar Movement......Page 956 1968......Page 957 Turmoil at Home......Page 958 The Election of 1968......Page 960 A New President......Page 961 The Economy......Page 962 Environmentalism......Page 963 Controversies over Rights......Page 964 Vietnamization......Page 966 Expanding the Nixon Doctrine......Page 968 The Election of 1972......Page 969 Nixon Pursued......Page 970 Conclusion......Page 971 CHAPTER 30 POWER AND POLITICS, 1974–1992......Page 975 Foreign Policy......Page 977 Jimmy Cart