Liberalism and Its Critics (Readings in Social and Political Theory)

Much contemporary political philosophy has been a debate between utilitarianism on the one hand and Kantian, or rights-based ethic has recently faced a growing challenge from a different direction, from a view that argues for a deeper understanding of citizenship and community than the liberal ethic allows. The writings collected in this volume present leading statements of rights-based liberalism and of the communitarian, or civic republican alternatives to that position. The principle of selection has been to shift the focus from the familiar debate between utilitarians and Kantian liberals in order to consider a more powerful challenge ot the rights-based ethic, a challenge indebted, broadly speaking, to Aristotle, Hegel, and the civic republican tradition. Contributors include Isaiah Berlin, John Rawls, Alasdair MacIntyre. Cover......Page 1 Title......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Introduction......Page 8 Part I......Page 20 THE NOTION OF 'NEGATIVE' FREEDOM......Page 22 II THE NOTION OF POSITIVE FREEDOM......Page 29 III LIBERTY AND SOVEREIGNTY......Page 33 IV THE ONE AND THE MANY......Page 36 NOTES......Page 41 5. CLASSICAL UTILITARIANISM......Page 44 6. SOME RELATED CONTRASTS......Page 46 48. LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS AND MORAL DESERT......Page 51 68. SEVERAL CONTRASTS BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND THE GOOD......Page 55 84. HEDONISM AS A METHOD OF CHOICE......Page 60 NOTES......Page 64 I......Page 67 II......Page 70 III......Page 72 IV......Page 79 V......Page 82 NOTES......Page 85 4 Friedrich A. Hayek: Equality, Value, and Merit......Page 87 NOTES......Page 103 Part II......Page 130 I THE MINIMAL STATE AND THE ULTRAMINIMAL STATE......Page 107 MORAL CONSTRAINTS AND MORAL GOALS......Page 108 WHY SIDE CONSTRAINTS?......Page 110 LIBERTARIAN CONSTRAINTS......Page 112 II DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE......Page 113 THE ENTITLEMENT THEORY......Page 114 HISTORICAL PRINCIPLES AND END-RESULT PRINCIPLES......Page 116 PATTERNING......Page 118 HOW LIBERTY UPSETS PATTERNS......Page 122 NOTES......Page 125 6 Alasdair Maclntyre: The Virtues, the Unity of a Human Life and the Concept of a Tradition......Page 132 Bibliography......Page 155 7 Peter Berger: On the Obsolescence of the Concept of Honour......Page 156 Notes......Page 165 THE STATUS OF THE GOOD......Page 166 THE MORAL EPISTEMOLOGY OF JUSTICE......Page 169 JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY......Page 174 DEONTOLOGY'S LIBERATING PROJECT......Page 175 CHARACTER, SELF-KNOWLEDGE, AND FRIENDSHIP......Page 178 NOTES......Page 183 I......Page 184 II......Page 198 NOTES......Page 205 10 Michael Walzer: Welfare, Membership and Need......Page 207 THE EXTENT OF PROVISION......Page 211 AN AMERICAN WELFARE STATE......Page 216 The Case of Medical Care......Page 218 NOTES......Page 224 I......Page 226 NOTES......Page 244 I......Page 246 II......Page 252 NOTES......Page 268 Index......Page 272 Two concepts of liberty / Isaiah Berlin The right and the good contrasted / John Rawls Liberalism / Ronald Dworkin Equality, value, and merit / Friedrich A. Hayek Moral constraints and distributive justice / Robert Nozick The virtues, the unity of a human life, and the concept of a tradition / Alasdair MacIntyre On the obsolescence of the concept of honour / Peter Berger Justice and the good / Michael J. Sandel Hegel, history and politics / Charles Taylor Welfare, membership and need / Michael Walzer Political education / Michael Oakeshott The revolutionary tradition and its lost treasure / Hannah Arendt. Presents "leading statements of rights-based liberalism and of the communitarian, or civic republican, alternatives to that position." -- Back cover