Lessons In Islamic History: Shaykh Al-Bajuri, M Al-Khudari Bak

Arabs Before the Prophet Muhammad (S) The Seerah of the Prophet Muhammad (S) The Four Khalifs The Umayyad Dynasty (Including Andalus) The Abbasid Dynasty Fatimid, Ayyubid, Mamluk and Many Others up to the Ottomans in 1220AD (1805 AC) Lessons in Islamic History is an essential summary of Shaykh Muhammad Khudari Bak's series of groundbreaking works on Islamic history, in which this pioneering Egyptian historian and scholar of Shari'ah and Arabic literature distils the essence of his three outstanding works on the Prophetic Biography, the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and the Umayyad and 'Abbasid Dynasties. In his distinctively eloquent yet uncomplicated style, he traces the changing political and social circumstances of the Islamic peoples from their origins in the pre-Islamic Arabic Peninsula until his own time in the Ottoman caliphate of Egypt. An instinctive educator who explained that he wrote not merely to record history, but so that history might benefit, the author outlines the vicissitudes of Islamic history with refreshing objectivity and restraint, highlighting the lessons to be learnt from past events. In an era when competing historical narratives vie for supremacy, this text provides a clear and concise account of Muslim leadership throughout history and its consequences for the Ummah. As such, it is an indispensable read for young and old alike. Title Copyright Contents PUBLISHER’S FOREWORD INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE AUTHOR The Arabian Peninsula Origins of the Arabs Perished Arabs (Al-ʿArab al-Bādiyah) The Surviving Arabs (Al-ʿArab al-Bāqiyah) Pure Arabs Arabised Arabs The Arab Way of Life Arab Civilisation before Islām Arab Religion Arab Character Arabic Language, Literature and Learning Arab Social Status before Islām SAYYIDUNĀ MUḤAMMAD The Noble Mission Migration (Hijrah) to Madīnah Achievements in Makkah Construction of the Mosque The Legitimacy of Fighting Fighting Commences The Character of Allāh’s Messenger The Miracles of the Messenger of Allāh THE CALIPHATE (KHILĀFAH) OF ABŪ BAKR The Achievements of Abū Bakr The Deliverance of Usāmah’s Army Instances of Apostasy Iraq Byzantium The death of Aṣ-Ṣiddīq (the Truthful One) THE CALIPHATE OF ʿUMAR IBN AL-KHAṬṬĀB Iraq under ʿUmar Byzantium The Martyrdom of ʿUmar THE CALIPHATE OF ʿUTHMĀN THE CALIPHATE OF ʿALĪ THE CALIPHATE OF ḤASAN IBN ʿALĪ THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY (AD-DAWLAH AL-UMAWIYYAH) THE SUFYĀNIDS 1. Muʿāwiyah 2. Yazīd I The Murder of Ḥusayn The Battle of Ḥarrah The Seige of the Kaʿbah 3. Muʿāwiyah II THE MARWĀNIDS 4. Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam 5. ʿAbd al-Malik 6. Walīd I 7. Sulaymān 8. ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz 9. Yazīd II 10. Hishām 11. Walīd II 12. Yazīd III 13. Marwān II ANDALUSIA (ANDALUS) THE UMAYYAD RULERS OF ANDALUSIA 1. ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān I 2. Hishām 3. Ḥakam ibn Hishām 4. ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān II 5. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān 6. Mundhir ibn Muḥammad 7. ʿAbdullāh 8. Commander of the Faithful (Amīr al-Mu’minīn) ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān an-Nāṣir 9. Al-Ḥakam al-Mustanṣir 10. Hishām II (Mu’ayyad) 11. Muḥammad al-Mahdī The End of the Umayyad Dynasty in Andalusia THE PETTY KINGS THE MULATHTHAMŪN DYNASTY [OR ALMORAVIDS (MURĀBIṬŪN)] THE ALMOHAD DYNASTY (MUWAḤḤIDŪN) THE BANŪ’L-AḤMAR DYNASTY A Lesson from the History of Andalusia The State of Andalusia under Islamic Ride THE ʿABBĀSID DYNASTY (AD-DAWLAH AL-ʿABBĀSIYYAH) 1. Muḥammad as-Saffāḥ 2. Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbdullāh al-Manṣūr 3. Muḥammad al-Mahdī (reigned 158/775–169/785) 4. Mūsā al-Hādī (reigned 169/785–170/786) 5. Hārūn ar-Rashīd (reigned 170/786–193/809) 6. Muḥammad al-Amīn (reigned 193/809–198/813) 7. ʿAbdullāh al-Ma’mūn (reigned 198/813–218/833) 8. Muḥammad al-Muʿtaṣim (reigned 218/833–227/842) 9. Hārūn al-Wāthiq (reigned: 227/842–232/847) 10. Jaʿfar al-Mutawakkil (reigned 232/847–247/861) 11. Muḥammad al-Muntaṣir (reigned: 247/861–248/862) 12. Aḥmad al-Mustaʿīn ibn Muḥammad (reigned: 248/862–252/866) 13. Muḥammad al-Muʿtazz (reigned 252/866–255/869) 14. Muḥammad al-Muhtadī ibn al-Wāthiq (reigned: 255/869–256/870) 15. Aḥmad al-Muʿtamid ibn al-Mutawakkil (reigned 256/870–279/892) 16. Aḥmad al-Muʿtaḍid ibn Ṭalḥah (reigned 279/892–289/902) 17. ʿAlī al-Muktafī ibn al-Muʿtaḍid (reigned: 289/902–295/908) 18. Jaʿfar al-Muqtadir ibn al-Muʿtaḍid (reigned 295/908–320/932) 19. Muḥammad al-Qāhir ibn al-Muʿtaḍid (reigned 320/932–322/934) 20. Aḥmad ar-Rāḍī ibn al-Muqtadir (reigned: 322/934–329/940) 21. Ibrāhīm al-Muttaqī (reigned: 329/940–333/944) 22. ʿAbdullāh al-Mustakfī ibn al-Muktafī (reigned: 333/944–334/946) 23. Al-Faḍl al-Muṭīʿ ibn al-Muqtadir (reigned:334/946–363/974) 24. ʿAbd al-Karīm aṭ-Ṭā’iʿ (reigned: 363/974–381/991) 25. Aḥmad al-Qādir ibn Isḥāq ibn al-Muqtadir (reigned: 487/991–422/1031) 26. ʿAbdullāh al-Qā’im (reigned: 422/1031–467/1075) 27. Abdullāh al-Muqtadī ibn Muḥammad (reigned: 467/1075–487/1094) 28. Aḥmad al-Mustaẓhir (reigned: 487/1094–512/1118) 29. Al-Faḍl al-Mustarshid (reigned: 512/1118–529/1135) 30. Al-Manṣūr ar-Rāshid (reigned: 529/1135–530/1136) 31. Muḥammad al-Muqtafī (reigned: 530/1136–555/1160) 32. Yūsuf al-Mustanjid ibn al-Muqtafī (reigned 555/1160–566/1170) 33. Al-Ḥasan al-Mustaḍī’ (reigned: 566/1170–575/1180) 34. Aḥmad an-Nāṣir (reigned: 575/1180–622/1225) 35. Muḥammad aẓ-Ẓāhir (reigned: 622/1225–623/1226) 36. Al-Manṣūr al-Mustanṣir bi’llāh (reigned: 623/1226–640/1242) 37. Mustaʿṣim ibn al-Mustanṣir (reigned: 640/1242–656/1258) General Characteristics of the ʿAbbāsid Dynasty DYNASTIES AND EMIRATES WHICH EMERGED DURING THE ʿABBĀSID ERA THE BŪYIDS (BANŪ BŪYAH) 1. Muʿizz ad-Dawlah 2. Bakhtiyār ibn Muʿizz ad-Dawlah 3. Fannū Khusraw ʿAḍud ad-Dawlah 4. Marzubān Ṣamṣām ad-Dawlah 5. Shirzīl Sharaf ad-Dawlah 6. Abū Naṣr Bahā’ ad-Dawlah 7. Abū Shujāʿ Sulṭān ad-Dawlah 8. Abū ʿAlī Musharrif ad-Dawlah 9. Abū Ṭāhir Jalāl ad-Dawlah 10. Malik Abū Kālījār al-Marzubān 11. Khusraw Fīrūz THE SALJŪQ DYNASTY 2. Alp Arslān Muḥammad 3. Malik-Shāh 4. Bārkyārūq 5. Muḥammad ibn Malik-Shāh 6. Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad 7. Masʿūd ibn Muḥammad 8. Malik-Shāh ibn Maḥmūd The Legacy of the Saljūq Dynasty THE SUBUKTUKĪN FAMILY DYNASTY 1. Maḥmūd ibn Subuktukīn 2. Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd 3. Masʿūd ibn Maḥmūd 4. Muḥammad ibn Maḥmūd 5. Mawdūd ibn Masʿūd 6. ʿAbd ar-Rashīd ibn Maḥmūd 7. Farrukh-Zād ibn Masʿūd 8. Ibrāhīm ibn Masʿūd 9. Masʿūd ibn Ibrāhīm 10. Arslān-Shāh ibn Masʿūd 11. Khusraw-Shāh ibn Bahrām-Shāh THE HISTORY OF EGYPT Egypt under the ʿAbbāsids THE ṬŪLŪNID DYNASTY (ṬŪLŪNIYYAH) 1. Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn and Qaṭā’iʿ (the City of Quarters) 2. Abū’l-Jaysh Khumārawayh 3. Jaysh ibn Khumārawayh 4. Hārūn ibn Khumārawayh 5. Shaybān ibn Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn The Return of Egypt to the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate THE FĀṬIMID DYNASTY (AD-DAWLAH AL-FĀṬIMIYYAH) 2. ʿAzīz bi’llāh Nizār 3. Ḥākim bi-Amri’llāh Manṣūr 4. Ẓāhir li-Iʿzāz Dīni’llāh ʿAlī 5. Mustanṣir bi’llāh Maʿadd 6. Mustaʿlī bi’llāh Aḥmad 7. Āmir bi-Aḥkāmi’llāh Manṣūr 8. Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīni’llāh ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Mustanṣir 9. Ẓāfir bi-Amri’llāh Ismaʿīl 10. Fā’iz bi-Naṣrillāh ʿĪsā 11. ʿĀḍid li-Dīni’llāh ʿAbdullāh ibn Yūsuf ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ THE AYYŪBID DYNASTY (AD-DAWLAH AL-AYYŪBIYYAH) 2. Azīz bi’llāh ʿUthmān 3. Manṣūr Muḥammad 4. ʿĀdil Abū Bakr ibn Najm ad-Dīn Ayyūb 5. Kāmil Muḥammad ibn al-ʿĀdil 6. ʿĀdil Abū Bakr ibn al-Kāmil 7. Ṣāliḥ Najm ad-Dīn Ayyūb 8. Muʿaẓẓam Tūrān Shāh-Kān 9. Shajarat ad-Durr General Aspects of the Ayyūbid Dynasty THE MAMLŪK DYNASTY (DAWLAT AL-MAMĀLĪK) 1. Muʿizz Aybak 2. Manṣūr ʿAlī 3. Muẓaffar Quṭuz 4. Ẓāhir Baybars 5. Saʿīd Muḥammad 6. ʿĀdil Sulāmish 7. Manṣūr Qalāwūn 8. Ashraf Khalīl 9. Nāṣir Muḥammad ibn Qalāwūn 10. ʿĀdil Kitbughā 11. Manṣūr Lājīn The Return of Nāṣir Muḥammad 12. Muẓaffar Baybars al-Jāshnakīr Nāṣir’s [Second] Return THE CIRCASSIAN DYNASTY (DAWLAT ASH-SIRĀKISAH) 1. Ẓāhir Barqūq ibn Anaṣ 2. Nāṣir Faraj ibn Barqūq 3. Manṣūr ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Barqūq 4. Mu’ayyad Shaykh 5. Muẓaffar Aḥmad ibn Shaykh 6. Ẓāhir Ṭaṭar 7. Ṣāliḥ Muḥammad ibn Ṭaṭar 8. Ashraf Barsbay 9. ʿAzīz Yūsuf ibn Barsbay 10. Ẓāhir Jaqmaq 11. Manṣūr ʿUthmān Jaqmaq 12. Ashraf Īnāl 13. Mu’ayyad Aḥmad ibn Īnāl 14. Ẓāhir Khushqadam 15. Ẓāhir Balbay 16. Ẓāhir Timurbughā 17. Ashraf Qaytbay 18. Nāṣir Muḥammad ibn Qaytbay 19. Ẓāhir Qānṣūh 20. Ashraf Janbalāṭ 21. ʿĀdil Ṭūmān Bay 22. Ashraf Qānṣūh al-Ghawrī 23. Ashraf Ṭūmān Bay General Aspects of the Mamlūk Dynasty EGYPT UNDER THE OTTOMAN DYNASTY (AD-DAWLAH AL-ʿUTHMĀNIYYAH) Egypt under French Rule 1216/1801–1220/1805 1. Muḥammad ʿAlī 2. Ibrāhīm Pasha 3. ʿAbbās Pasha I 4. Muḥammad Saʿīd Pasha 5. Ismāʿīl Pasha 6. Muḥammad Tawfīq Pasha 7. ʿAbbās Ḥilmī II INDEX Back Cover