Les Révoltés de l'Amistad : une odyssée atlantique (1839-1842)

Le 28 juin 1839, l’ Amistad faisait voile depuis La Havane avec à son bord une cargaison d’esclaves. Au cours de cette nuit sans lune, les captifs africains se soulevèrent, tuèrent le capitaine et prirent le contrôle du navire. Alors qu’ils essayaient d’atteindre un port sûr, leur navire fut arrêté par la Marine des États-Unis et les rebelles furent incarcérés dans une prison du Connecticut. Leur bataille juridique pour recouvrer la liberté remonta jusqu’à la Cour Suprême, où leur cas fut défendu par l’ancien président des États-Unis, John Quincy Adams. Le jugement fit date. Les insurgés furent libérés et purent rentrer en Afrique.Si cette rébellion est l’un des épisodes les plus connus de l’histoire de l’esclavage américain, elle est avant tout célébrée comme le triomphe du système légal américain et comme la victoire des abolitionnistes. En racontant cette aventure du point de vue des rebelles eux-mêmes, Marcus Rediker leur redonne une voix et un destin. Il retrace les trajectoires qui jetèrent dans les chaînes de l’esclavage ces hommes capturés en Sierra Leone, en pays mendé. La plupart d’entre eux parlaient plus d’une langue ; plusieurs étaient des guerriers ; beaucoup étaient membre d’une société secrète, le Poro. Tous disposaient de ressources et étaient capables de nouer de solides relations au-delà de leur cercle familial. C’étaient déjà des hommes habitués à l’action collective.Leur histoire nous est ici contée pour la première fois.Traduit de l'anglais (États-Unis) par Aurélien Blanchard.Marcus Rediker est professeur distingué d’histoire atlantique à l’université de Pittsburg. Historien, écrivain et militant des droits de l’homme, il est spécialiste de l’histoire maritime et notamment de l’Atlantique. Il a publié neuf livres, parmi lesquels À bord du négrier. Une histoire atlantique de la traite (Seuil, 2013). ** On June 28, 1839, the Spanish slave schooner Amistad set sail from Havana on a routine delivery of human cargo. On a moonless night, after four days at sea, the captive Africans rose up, killed the captain, and seized control of the ship. They attempted to sail to a safe port, but were captured by the U.S. Navy and thrown into jail in Connecticut. Their legal battle for freedom eventually made its way to the Supreme Court, where their cause was argued by former president John Quincy Adams. In a landmark ruling, they were freed and eventually returned to Africa. The rebellion became one of the best-known events in the history of American slavery, celebrated as a triumph of the legal system in films and books, all reflecting the elite perspective of the judges, politicians, and abolitionists involved in the case. In this powerful and highly original account, Marcus Rediker reclaims the rebellion for its true proponents: the African rebels who risked death to stake a claim for freedom.Using newly discovered evidence, Rediker reframes the story to show how a small group of courageous men fought and won an epic battle against Spanish and American slaveholders and their governments. He reaches back to Africa to find the rebels'roots, narrates their cataclysmic transatlantic journey, and unfolds a prison story of great drama and emotion. Featuring vividly drawn portraits of the Africans, their captors, and their abolitionist allies, he shows how the rebels captured the popular imagination and helped to inspire and build a movement that was part of a grand global struggle between slavery and freedom. The actions aboard the Amistad that July night and in the days and months that followed were pivotal events in American and Atlantic history, but not for the reasons we have always thought.The successful Amistad rebellion changed the very nature of the struggle against slavery. As a handful of self-emancipated Africans steered their own course to freedom, they opened a way for millions to follow. This stunning book honors their achievement. "On June 28, 1839, the Spanish slave schooner Amistad set sail from Havana on a routine delivery of human cargo. On a moonless night, the captive Africans rose up, killed the captain, and seized control of the ship. They attempted to sail to a safe port, but were captured by the U.S. Navy. Their legal battle for freedom made its way to the Supreme Court, where they were freed and eventually returned to Africa. The rebellion became one of the best-known events in the history of American slavery, celebrated in films and books--all reflecting the elite perspective of the judges, politicians, and abolitionists involved. In this highly original account, using newly discovered evidence, Marcus Rediker reclaims the rebellion for its true proponents: the African rebels who risked death to stake a claim for freedom. The successful Amistad rebellion changed the very nature of the struggle against slavery. As a handful of self-emancipated Africans steered their own course to freedom, they opened a way for millions to follow. This book honors their achievement"-- From publisher description