Legal Aptitude and Legal Reasoning for the CLAT and LLB Entrance Examinations

Cover Contents Preface to the Second Edition Preface Acknowledgements About the Author Chapter 1: Legal Terms and Maxims List of Legal Terms Legal Terminology Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Chapter 2: Criminal Law Culpabale Homicide Murder Illustrations Illustration Illustration Scope of Section 300 Death by Negligence Rash or Negligent Act Attempt to Commit Murder and Culpable Homicide Attempts by Life-Convicts Suicide Distinction Between Kidnapping and Abduction Amendments in Law of Rape Illustrations Illustrations Criminal Misappropriation and Criminal Breach of Trust Illustrations Illustrations Essentials Ingredients of Criminal Misappropriation Criminal Breach of Trust Illustrations Cheating Illustrations Mock or Invalid Marriages Criminal Elopement/Seduction Cruelty by Husband or Relatives of Husband General Exceptions Mistake Illustrations Illustration Unsoundness of Mind Right of Private Defence Burden of Proof Private Defence of the Body Private Defence of Property Intoxication Multiple-Choice Questions Culpable Homicide and Murder Exceptions to the Offence of Murder Homicide by Rash or Negligent Act Hurt and Grievous Hurt Kidnapping and Abduction Rape Theft and Extortion Criminal Misappropriation and Breach of Trust Answers Chapter 3: Civil Law Contract and Agreement Contract Agreement Proposal or Offer Acceptance Consideration Capacity to Contract Free Consent Legality of Object and Consideration Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Chapter 4: Constitutional Law What is Constitution? Organs of the Government Constitution—A Living Document The Making of Indian Constitution Salient Features of the Indian Constitution Borrowed Features of the Constitution From UK From US From USSR From Australia From Japan From Weimar Constitution of Germany From South Africa From Canada From Ireland Schedules in Constitution First Schedule Second Schedule Third Schedule Fourth Schedule Fifth Schedule Sixth Schedule Seventh Schedule Eighth Schedule Ninth Schedule Tenth Schedule Eleventh Schedule Twelfth Schedule Articles of the Constitution Union and its Territory Citizenship Fundamental Rights Directive Principles of State Policy Fundamental Duties President and Vice-President Union Ministers and Attorney-General Parliament Supreme Court Comptroller and Auditor-General of India State Ministers and Advocate-General State Legislature High Courts Subordinate Courts Union Territories Panchayats Municipalities Centre–State Legislative Relations Right to Property Public Services Public Service Commissions Tribunals Elections Special Provisions for SCs, STs and Others Official Language Emergency Provisions Amendment Act, of the Constitution Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions Subjects of Union, State and Concurrent Lists Union List (List-I) State List (List-II) Concurrent List (List-III) Table of Precedence Constitutional Amendment Acts at a Glance Preamble The Preamble and its Importance Territory of the Union (Part–I) Integration of Princely States Reorganization of States Citizenship Five Modes to Acquire Citizenship of India are: Three Models of Losing Citizenship Fundamental Rights The Definition of State Classification of Fundamental Rights Fundamental Rights Available to any Person on the Soil of India (Except to the Enemy Aliens) Fundamental Rights Exclusive to the Citizens Right to Equality (Article 14–18) Right to Freedom (Article 19–22) Right Against Exploitation (Article 23 and 24) Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25–28) Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29–30) Right to Constitutional Remedies Five Forms of Writs Under Article 32 Mandamus Prohibition Certiorari Difference between Prohibition and Certiorari Quo Warranto Various Writs Distinguished from Each Other Directive Principles of State Policy Socialist Principles The Gandhian Principles The Western Liberal Principles Difference between FR and DPSP Relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles—Doctrine of Harmonization Importance of the Directive Principles Directives in Other Parts (not in Part IV of the Constitution Fundamental Duties Comparison with Directive Principles Enforcement of Duties Eleven Fundamental Duties for Citizens Union Executive (Articles 52 to 78 and 123) The President of India (Article 52) Qualifications for Election as President (Article 58) Election (Article 54) Manner of Election [Article 55 (1) and (2)] Doubts and Disputes in Respect of the Election of the President (Article 71) Procedures for Impeachment of the President—Removal of the President (Article 61) Privileges of the President (Article 361) Powers of the President Veto Power of the President Case Laws National Emergency Consequences of Proclamation of Emergency Suspension of Enforcement of Other Fundamental Rights (Article 359) State Emergency (Articles 355 to 357) Duration of Proclamation Issued Under Article 356 Continuance of a Proclamation Issued Under Article 356 (L)—Beyond One Year Consequences of Issuance of Proclamation Under Article 356 (1) Guidelines for the Invocation of Article 356 Financial Emergency (Article 360) Position of the President Constitutional Provisions Safeguards Against an Activist President Indian President in Working Mode—Ideals and Realities Important Things to Remember The Vice-President of India (Article 63) Qualification for the Office of Vice-President [Article 66(3) and (4)] Election of the Vice-President [Article 66(1)] Time for Holding Election (Article 68) Term of Office of the Vice-President, Resignation (Article 67) Removal of Vice-President [Article 67 (B)] Oath of Office (Article 69) Conditions of Office [Articles 66(2), 64 and 65 (3)] Comparison of the Offices of the President and the Vice-President The Prime Minister of India (Articles 74 and 75) Appointment of the Prime Minister [Article 75 (1)] Deputy Prime Minister Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister Council of Ministers Attorney-General Comptroller and Auditor General Duties of Cag State Executive The Governor Chief Minister and Council of Ministers Union Legislature Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha Types of Majority Quorum in Parliament Sessions of the Parliament End of the Session Types of Motions Motions and Resolutions Adjournment Motion Categories and Passage of the Bills State Legislature The Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) The Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Judiciary in India The Supreme Court Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court The High Courts Jurisdiction of the High Court Comparison between the Supreme Court and the High Courts Election Commission Focus The High Courts: Seats and Jurisdiction Chief Election Commissioners of India Qualifications for Contesting the Election Public Service Commissions Composition Term of Office Planning Commission Focus National Commission for Women Focus Composition Difference between an Attorney General and Asolicitor General Finance Commission Focus Amendment of the Constitution State of J & K, Government and Judiciary The State of Jammu and Kashmir Local Government Local Urban Government Multiple-Choice Questions Answers Chapter 5: Mock Tests Practice Paper 1 Answers Practice Paper 2 Answers Practice Paper 3 Answers Practice Paper 4 Answers Practice Paper 5 Answers Practice Paper 6 Answers Practice Paper 7 Answers Practice Paper 8 Answers Practice Paper 9 Answers Practice Paper 10 Answers Chapter 6: Previous Years' Papers Clat 2008 English General Knowledge Mathematical Ability Locial Reasoning Legal Reasoning Answers LLB Entrance Test (DU) 2008 Answers Clat 2009 English General Knowledge/Current Affairs Elementary Mathematics (Numerical Ability) Legal Aptitude Locical Reasoning Answers Panjab University Cet 2009 Answers LLB Entrance Test (DU) 2009 Answers Panjab University Cet 2010 Legal and General Awareness English Language Answers Symbiosis International University 2010 Logical Reasoning Legal Reasoning Analytical Reasoning Reading Comprehension General Knowledge Answers Clat 2010 English General Knowledge Legal Aptitude Logical Reasoning Elementary Mathematics Answers LLB Entrance Test (DU) 2010 Answers The second edition of Legal Aptitude and Legal Reasoning for the CLAT and LLB Examinations prepares aspirants for 'Legal Aptitude and Legal Reasoning' section of the law entrance examinations. It features legal maxims and terms, constitutional law, civil law and criminal law explained; encourages students to reflect upon problems rather than give regurgitated answers; helps deepen understanding of crucial aspects of legal aptitude such as constitutional awareness, legal situations and issues, and legal decisions and their judicious and discriminate interpretations. The practice problems provid