[Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems] Proceedings of First International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security (IC4S 2019) Volume 121 ||

This book features selected research papers presented at the First International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security (IC4S 2019), organized by Northwest Group of Institutions, Punjab, India, Southern Federal University, Russia, and IAC Educational Trust, India along with KEC, Ghaziabad and ITS, College Ghaziabad as an academic partner and held on 12–13 October 2019. It includes innovative work from researchers, leading innovators and professionals in the area of communication and network technologies, advanced computing technologies, data analytics and intelligent learning, the latest electrical and electronics trends, and security and privacy issues. Preface Contents About the Editors Communication and Network Technologies State of the Art: A Review on Vehicular Communications, Impact of 5G, Fractal Antennas for Future Communication 1 Introduction 1.1 Vehicular Network Architecture (VNA) 1.2 Vehicular Communication Applications (VCA) 2 Communications 3 Existing Proposals 4 Fractal Antennas 5 Conclusion References Energy Enhancement of TORA and DYMO by Optimization of Hello Messaging Using BFO for MANETs 1 Introduction 1.1 MANET’s Route Selection Process 1.2 Routing Protocols 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Formulation and Major Issues 4 Proposed Protocol Optimization Using BFOA 4.1 Introduction to BFOA 4.2 Bacteria Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) 5 Results and Comparison 5.1 Implementation Results 5.2 Comparisons 5.3 Optimization Results 6 Result and Conclusion References Horseshoe-Shaped Multiband Antenna for Wireless Application 1 Introduction 2 Horseshoe Fractal Design Methodology 3 Simulation Setup 4 Conclusion References A Review Paper on Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11e 1 Introduction 1.1 Medium Access Control Layer 1.2 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) 1.3 Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF) 2 Literature Review 3 Conclusions References Voice-Controlled IoT Devices Framework for Smart Home 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Model 3.1 Hardware Design 3.2 System Software 4 Analysis 5 Conclusion References Comprehensive Analysis of Social-Based Opportunistic Routing Protocol: A Study 1 Introduction 2 Research Contributions 3 Simulation Setup And Description 3.1 ONE (Opportunistic Network Environment) Simulator 3.2 Mobility Model and Real-World Traces 3.3 Simulation Parameter for Different Movement Model 4 Simulation Result 5 Conclusion and Future Direction References An Efficient Delay-Based Load Balancing using AOMDV in MANET 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Delay-Based Load Balancing in MANET 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Packet Delivery Ratio 4.2 Delay 4.3 Throughput 4.4 Packet Loss Ratio 4.5 Normalized Routing Load 5 Conclusion References Metaheuristic-Based Intelligent Solutions Searching Algorithms of Ant Colony Optimization and Backpropagation in Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Swarm Intelligence and Problems Solving 2.1 Metaheuristic Algorithms 2.2 Ant Colony Optimization Search Algorithm 2.3 Neural Networks 2.4 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Mathematical Model of NN Tuning 3.2 Algorithm of Tuning Model 4 Discussion of Results 5 Conclusion References Evaluating Cohesion Score with Email Clustering 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Comparison Table 3 Proposed Cohesion Evaluation-Based Cluster System 3.1 Problem Formulation 3.2 Architecture 4 Experimental Setup 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Evaluation Measure 5 Result Analysis and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Congestion Control for Named Data Networking-Based Wireless Ad Hoc Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Congestion Control for NDN in General 2.2 Congestion Control for NDN-Based MANET 3 Contribution of This Study 4 Standbyme Congestion Control as Suggested Solution 4.1 Local Congestion Detection 4.2 Hop-by-hop Congestion Notification 4.3 Multiple Strategy Congestion Avoidance 5 Testbed Design and Facility 5.1 Experiment Design and Analysis of Result 6 Conclusion and Future Work 6.1 Conclusion References A Comparative Review of Various Techniques for Image Splicing Detection and Localization 1 Introduction 1.1 Need for Image Forgery Detection 1.2 Types of Image Forgery 1.3 Image Forgery Detection Techniques 2 Methodology 3 Literature Survey 3.1 Comparative Analysis of the Existing Splicing Localization Techniques 4 Conclusion References Analysis and Synthesis of Performance Parameter of Rectangular Patch Antenna 1 Introduction 2 Micro Strip Antenna Design 3 Experimental Result 4 Code for Simulation 5 Conclusion References Advanced Computing Technologies and Latest Electrical and Electronics Trends Fog Computing Research Opportunities and Challenges: A Comprehensive Survey 1 Introduction 2 Working of the System 2.1 Fog Nodes 2.2 Cloud Platform 3 Recent Surveys on Fog Computing 4 Application of Fog Computing 5 Emerging Challenges 6 Advantages/Benefits of Fog Computing 7 Fog Computing Simulators 8 Conclusion and Future Scope References IIGPTS: IoT-Based Framework for Intelligent Green Public Transportation System 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Research Contributions 1.3 Organization of the paper 2 Related Work 3 IIGPTS: System components and architecture 3.1 System Components 3.2 Architecture of IIGPTS 4 Performance Evaluation of IIGPTS 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Simulation Results 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Integrating the AAL CasAware Platform Within an IoT Ecosystem, Leveraging the INTER-IoT Approach 1 Introduction 2 Interoperability of IoT Artifacts 3 CasAware Project Overview 3.1 CasAware Architecture 3.2 CasAware Integration—Motivating Scenario 4 INTER-IoT Project Overview 5 Integrating CasAware into INTER-IoT 6 Concluding Remarks References An IoT-Based Solution for Smart Parking 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 3 Proposal and Construction of the Proposed Parking Solution 3.1 System Design 3.2 System Calibration 4 System Evaluation, Demonstration, and Validation 5 Conclusion and Future Works References Online Monitoring of Solar Panel Using I–V Curve and Internet of Things 1 Introduction 2 Contribution 3 Methodologies 4 Hardware Descriptions 5 Software Description and IoT Implementation 6 Conclusion and Future Scope References Classification of Chest Diseases Using Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Visual Cortex’s Receptive Fields 2.2 CNN Architecture Origin 2.3 Recognition of Image by CNNs Trained Using Gradient Descent 2.4 CNN for Lung Nodule Detection 3 Convolutional Neural Network 4 Methods 4.1 Dataset and Preprocessing 4.2 Preprocessing Class Labels 4.3 CNN Classification Model 5 Conclusion References Age and Gender Prediction Using Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Machine Learning 3 Related Work and Data 4 Methodology 4.1 Convolutional Neural Network 5 Methods for Proposed Work 5.1 Data Collection 5.2 Dataset Formation 5.3 CNN Formation 5.4 Training and Testing 6 Implemented Work 7 Results 8 Conclusion References Vision-Based Human Emotion Recognition Using HOG-KLT Feature 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Extraction of Histogram of Oriented Gradient Feature 3.2 Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi (KLT) Feature 3.3 Random Forest (RF) Classifier 3.4 Support Vector Machine (SVM) 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 Performance Evaluation Metrics 4.2 GEMEP Dataset 4.3 Experimental Results on Random Forest Classifiers 5 Conclusion References An Analysis of Lung Tumor Classification Using SVM and ANN with GLCM Features 1 Introduction 2 Tumor Types 3 Methodology 3.1 Segmentation Method 3.2 Feature Extraction 3.3 Classification of Extracted Tumor 4 Proposed Work 4.1 Segmentation 4.2 Feature Extraction 4.3 Tumor Classification 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Lane Detection Models in Autonomous Car 1 Introduction 1.1 Property of Road 2 Related Work 2.1 Mapping from an Image to Affordance 2.2 Mapping from Affordance to Action 3 Implementation 3.1 The Open Racing Vehicle Simulator Evaluation 3.2 Qualitative Assessment 3.3 Comparison with Baselines 4 Visualization 5 Conclusions References Various Noises in Medical Images and De-noising Techniques 1 Introduction 2 De-noising Techniques 3 Methods for De-noising an Image 4 Results of Comparison of De-noising Algorithms 5 Removing Salt and Pepper Noise 6 Removing Speckle Noise 7 De-noising Results for Synthetic Data 8 Conclusion References Debunking Online Reputation Rumours Using Hybrid of Lexicon-Based and Machine Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 The Proposed ReputeCheck Model 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Pre-processing 3.3 Feature Engineering 3.4 Classification 4 Results 5 Conclusion References A Novel Approach for Optimal Digital FIR Filter Design Using Hybrid Grey Wolf and Cuckoo Search Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Design Model of FIR 3 Hybrid Grey Wolf and Cuckoo Search Optimization 4 Simulation Results 4.1 Low-Pass Filter 4.2 High-Pass Filter 4.3 Band-Pass Filter 4.4 Band-Stop Filter 5 Analysis of Simulation Result 6 Conclusion References Quasi-opposition-Based Multi-verse Optimization Algorithm for Feature Selection 1 Introduction 1.1 Structuring of the Paper 2 Related Literature 3 Multi-verse Optimization Algorithm 4 Quasi-opposition-Based Multi-verse Optimization Algorithm 5 Experimental Set-up 5.1 Fitness Function 5.2 Evaluation Metrics 6 Performance Analysis and Results 7 Conclusions and Future Scope References Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Methods for Brain Tumor Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Images 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Preprocessing Stage of MRI Dataset 3.2 Data Matrix V, Construction 3.3 Data Matrix V, Decomposition 3.4 Segmentation of Brain Tumor by Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering 3.5 Narcotic Tumor Segmentation by Region Growing 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Constraint-Based Gujarati Parser Using LPP 1 Introduction 2 Dependency Parsing 3 Constraint-Based Parsing 3.1 Constraint-Based Parsing 3.2 Constraints Parser Using LPP 4 Conclusion References A Review on Physiological Signals: Heart Rate Variability and Skin Conductance 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methods 3.1 Heart Rate Variability Measurement 3.2 Skin Conductance Measurement 4 Conclusion References An Analysis on OCL/UML Constraints in E-commerce Application 1 Introduction 1.1 Process Involved in E-commerce Applications 2 Overview of UML Model 2.1 UML Related with OCL 2.2 Security Objectives in an E-commerce System 2.3 Security in E-commerce Using UML 3 Related Works 3.1 Existing Papers Analyzed with Security in E-commerce Using UML Different Techniques 4 Review Analysis 5 Conclusion References A Review on Crowdsourcing Models in Different Sectors 1 Introduction 2 Review of Current Sectors Covered 3 Key Challenges in Crowdsourcing 3.1 Tasks 3.2 Workers 3.3 Data Collection 3.4 Data Processing 4 Conclusions References An Efficient Provably Secure IBS Technique Using Integer Factorization Problem 1 Introduction 2 Background Material 2.1 Integer Factorization Problem (IFP) 2.2 Quadratic Residuosity Problem, Legendre Symbol, and Jacobi Symbol 3 An Efficient IBS Technique Based on IFP 3.1 Setup 3.2 Extract 3.3 Signing 3.4 Verification 4 Consistency 5 Security Investigation 6 Execution Examination of Other IBS Techniques 6.1 Execution Examination on Signing Phase, Verification Phase, and Computational Cost 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Data Analytics and Intelligent Learning Advances in Single Image Super-Resolution: A Deep Learning Perspective 1 Introduction 1.1 Image Super-Resolution 2 Related Work 2.1 Upscaling Methods 2.2 Network Architectures 2.3 Loss Functions 2.4 Performance Metrics 3 Conclusion and Future Direction References Advancement of Text Summarization Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A Review 1 Introduction 1.1 Role of ML and DL 2 Related Work 3 Extractive Methods 3.1 Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning 3.2 Graph-Based Model 3.3 Statistical and Linguistic Approaches 3.4 Text Summarization Using Topic Modeling 4 Abstractive Methods 4.1 Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning 4.2 Graph-Based Model 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Pneumonia Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 CNN Architecture 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Comparison of Performance of Models 5 Conclusion References A Machine Learning Algorithm for Classification, Analyzation and Prediction of Multimedia Messages in Social Networks 1 Introduction 2 Text Analysis Using NLP 2.1 Lexical Analysis 2.2 Syntactic Analysis 2.3 Semantic Analysis 2.4 Discourse Analysis 2.5 Pragmatic Analysis 3 Various Steps Involving in the Natural Language Processing 3.1 Tokenization 3.2 Stemming 3.3 Lemmatization 3.4 POS Tagging 3.5 Regular Expression (Regex) 4 Image Processing Using Convolution Neural Networks 5 Audio Processing Using SVM 5.1 Different Features for Audio Classification 6 Video Processing Using CNN, RNN and LSTM Method 7 Conclusion References Hope Enabler: A Novel Gamification-Based Approach to Enhance Classroom Engagement 1 Introduction 2 Hope Enabler Mechanism 2.1 Questionnaire for Faculty Based on the Hope Equation 2.2 Results of the Questionnaire 2.3 Reliability Test on Dataset 3 Mathematical Build for Hope Enabler 3.1 Interpretation of the Rotated Above Matrices 3.2 Computation of Regression Coefficients and Forming the Equation 4 Conclusion References Analysis and Prediction of Stock Market Trends Using Deep Learning 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Contribution 1.3 Organization 2 Related Work 3 Methods 3.1 Value Prediction Using Historical Data 3.2 Trend Prediction Using News Headlines 4 Results 4.1 Value Prediction Using Historical Data 4.2 Trend Prediction Using News Headlines 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Prediction and Management of Diabetes 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 2.1 Types of Diabetes 3 Issues Considered in Automation Process 3.1 Fuzzy-Based Diagnosis 3.2 Diet Personalization and Recommendation 3.3 Index Factors Used in Diagnosing Diabetes 4 Experimental Result and Evaluation 5 Conclusion and Recommendation References Opinion Mining Techniques and Its Applications: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Opinion Mining 2.1 Level of Sentiment/Opinion Mining [12] 2.2 Opinion Mining Process 2.3 Applications of Opinion Mining 3 Techniques of Feature Extraction in Opinion Mining 3.1 Extraction Based on Frequency of Nouns and Noun Phrases 3.2 Relation Exploitation of Opinion Words and Aspects for Extraction 3.3 Supervised Learning-Based Extraction 3.4 Extraction Based on Topic Modeling 4 Conclusion References Heart Disease Prediction Using Classification (Naive Bayes) 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Preliminaries of Research 3.1 Heart Disease Dataset 3.2 Exploration Using Graphs 3.3 Data Preprocessing 4 Methodology 4.1 Logistic Regression 4.2 K-Nearest Neighbors 4.3 Support Vector Machine 4.4 Naive Bayes 4.5 Decision Tree and Random Forest Classifier 4.6 Feature Extraction 5 Result and Discussions 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Scene Classification Using Deep Learning Technique 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Input Image 3.2 Resizing Input 3.3 Feature Extraction and Classification 3.4 Output Labels 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Multilingual Opinion Mining Movie Recommendation System Using RNN 1 Introduction 2 Recurrent Neural Network 3 Research Paper Organization 4 Literature Review 5 Architecture 6 Flowchart 7 Pseudocode of the Proposed System 8 Implementation of the Proposed System 9 Result Analysis 10 Conclusion 11 Future Work References Analysis of Ex-YOLO Algorithm with Other Real-Time Algorithms for Emergency Vehicle Detection 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Methodology 4 Experimental Setup 5 Results 6 Conclusion 7 Future Scope References Customization of Learning Environment Through Intelligent Management System 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methodologies 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Preprocessing 3.3 Sampling 3.4 Learning Algorithm 3.5 Parameter Optimization 3.6 Post-processing 3.7 Data Set 3.8 Predictive Heuristic Model 3.9 Evaluation 3.10 Outcome 3.11 Canvas of Proposed Business Model 4 Research Questions and Answers 4.1 What is the Model All About? 4.2 How Will it Benefit the Learner? 4.3 What are the Approaches Applied to Increase the Efficiency of the Model? 4.4 What is the Unique Selling Point of this Model? 4.5 What are the Main Paybacks of this Model as a Business Model? 5 Result and Discussion: Performance, Advantages, Limitations and Future Scope 6 Conclusion References Classification of Comparison-Based Analysis Between Rattle and Weka Tool on the Mental Health Disorder Problem Dataset Using Random Forest Tree Classifier 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Methodology 3.1 Collection of Data 3.2 Data Mining 4 Result and Analysis 4.1 Random Forest Tree Using Rattle 4.2 Experiment Using Weka 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Evaluation of Students’ Performance Based on Teaching Method Using LMS 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Learning Management System 2.2 Overview of LMS 2.3 Definition of LMS 2.4 Characteristics of LMS 2.5 Apparatus of Teaching Aide Used in Previous Works 2.6 Related Work that Used LMS 2.7 Quality of Online Teaching Versus Traditional Teaching 2.8 Evaluation Method to Measure Quality of Online Learning 3 Design and Implementation 3.1 Putra LMS 3.2 Slots Created for MUET Course Based on Putra LMS 4 Result and Analysis 4.1 Result and Analysis 4.2 Overall Conclusion 5 Summary References Enhancing Stock Prices Forecasting System Outputs Through Genetic Algorithms Refinement of Rules-Lists 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Computer-Assisted Reasoning 2.2 Fuzzy Logic Controls 2.3 Genetic Algorithm Search 2.4 Related Studies 3 Methodology 3.1 FLC Rules-Lists Derivation 4 Results Presentation 5 Conclusion References A Novel Approach for Multi-pitch Detection with Gender Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Problem Statement 4 Proposed Approach 4.1 Harmonic Model 4.2 Harmonic Structure 4.3 Harmonic Structure Subtraction 4.4 When to Stop the Algorithm 5 Experimental Set-up and Results 6 Conclusion and Future Scope References Malaria Parasite Classification Employing Chan–Vese Algorithm and SVM for Healthcare 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Model 4 Conclusion References A Novel Budget-based Collaborative Recommendation System for Tourism (BCRS) 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Background 3.1 Web Scraping 3.2 Recommendation System 3.3 Matrix Factorization 4 Problem Statement 5 Proposed Approach 5.1 Implementation Details 6 Performance Evaluation 6.1 Metrics 6.2 Datasets 7 Result and Analysis 7.1 Performance Results 7.2 Empirical Analysis 8 Conclusion and Scope of Future Work References Context Annotated Graph and Fuzzy Similarity Based Document Descriptor 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Context-Aware Document Descriptors 2.2 Fuzzy Similarity 3 Proposed Framework 3.1 Algorithm for Making Context-Aware Graph 3.2 Algorithm for Fuzzy Similarity 4 Implementation 4.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing 4.2 PDF to JSON Conversion 4.3 Keyword Extraction 4.4 Context Extraction 4.5 Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS) 5 Results and Analysis 5.1 Average Weighted Precision (AWP) 5.2 Discounted Cumulative Gain (DCG) 5.3 Theoretical Significance of Results 6 Conclusion and Future Work References An Efficient Image Compression Technique for Big Data Based on Deep Convolutional Autoencoders 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Contribution 3 Methodology 3.1 Proposed Framework 3.2 Quantization 4 Results 4.1 Experiments and Datasets Used 4.2 Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Security and Privacy Issues Designing a Transformational Model for Decentralization of Electronic Health Record Using Blockchain 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 1.2 Issues and Challenges in Centralized EHRs 1.3 Overview of Blockchain Technology 2 Literature Review 3 Research Methodology 4 Role of Blockchain in Healthcare 5 Proposed Transformational Model for Decentralization of Electronic Health Record 5.1 Generation of Universal Patient Identifier (UPI) 5.2 Creation of a New Block 5.3 Information Flow Process 6 Comparison of Centralized EHRs to Blockchain-Based EHRs 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Awareness Learning Analysis of Malware and Ransomware in Bitcoin 1 Introduction 1.1 Types of Ransomware Attack 1.2 Biggest Ransomware of Attack 1.3 Ransomware Working 1.4 Strategies for Fighting Ransomware Attack 2 Related Work 2.1 Evolution of Ransomware 3 Research Design and Method 4 The Bitcoin System 4.1 Preventive Measures 5 Discussion 5.1 Future Ransomeware 6 Conclusion References A Survey of Cryptographic Techniques to Secure Genomic Data 1 Introduction 2 Genomic Data in Various Fields 2.1 Use of Genomic Data in Forensics [6] 2.2 Use of Genomic Data in Research 2.3 Use of Genomic Data in Healthcare [6] 3 Challenges to Secure Genomic Data [11] 3.1 Homomorphic Encryption 3.2 Honey Encryption 3.3 Garbled Circuit 4 Conclusion References Establishing Trust in the Cloud Using Machine Learning Methods 1 Introduction 2 Background and Research Challenges for Cloud Trust 2.1 Defining Trust 2.2 Cloud Security 2.3 Machine Learning Methods 3 Cloud Trust Parameters 3.1 Availability 3.2 Data Integrity 3.3 Resource Management 3.4 Risk Management 3.5 Protecting Communication 3.6 Hardware Security 3.7 Secure Architecture 4 Cloud Trust Model 5 Data Integrity and SLA Verification 5.1 Data Integrity 5.2 SLA Verification 5.3 Algorithm 6 Experiment Results 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Basics for the Process and Requirements of Ethical Hackers: A Study 1 Introduction 2 Hacker 3 Stages of Hacking 4 Potential Security Threats to Systems 5 Conclusion References Privacy-Preserving Scheme Against Inference Attack in Social Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 The Proposed Privacy-Preserving Scheme 3.1 Algorithm 4 Analysis and Experimental Results 4.1 Analysis 4.2 Experimental Evaluation 5 Conclusion References Markov Model for Password Attack Prevention 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Research Contributions 1.3 Organization of the Paper 1.4 Background: Markov Model 1.5 Related Work 2 Password Strength Evaluators 2.1 Ideal Passwords Strength Value 2.2 Adaptive Password Strength Meters 2.3 Need of an Adaptive Password Strength Meter 3 Constructing Dynamic Password Meters 3.1 Markov Models [16] 3.2 Construction and Updation of n-Gram Model [17] 3.3 Password Strength Evaluators [7] (PSE Algorithm) 3.4 Illustration 4 Experimentation Setup, Results, and Usability 4.1 Experimentation and Setup 4.2 Results 4.3 Usability 5 Conclusion References An Enhanced Face and Iris Recognition-Based New Generation Security System 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 System Design 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Implementing a Mobile Voting System Utilizing Blockchain Technology and Two-Factor Authentication in Nigeria 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Existing System 3.2 Proposed System 3.3 Design Analysis 3.4 Blockchain’s Proof-of-Work Algorithm 3.5 Pseudocode for the Two-Factor Authentication Sequence 3.6 Voter’s Activity Diagram 3.7 Implementation Screenshots 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References An Improved Reversible Data Hiding Using Pixel Value Ordering and Context Pixel-Based Block Selection 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed Scheme 3.1 Location Map Construction 3.2 Block Division 3.3 Context Pixel-Based Block Selection 3.4 Threshold Selection 3.5 Embedding Phase 3.6 Extraction Phase 3.7 An Illustration of the Proposed RDH Method Using CPBS 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Activity Recognition Using Temporal Features and Deep Bottleneck 3D-ResNeXt 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 ResNeXt 4 Proposed Work 5 Training 6 Results 7 Conclusions References Essential Learning Components from Big Data Case Studies 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Case Studies 4 Proposed Predictive Model 5 Conclusion References