یادگیری پایتون به روش سخت، ویرایش سوم: مقدمه‌ای بسیار ساده بر دنیای فوق‌العاده زیبای کامپیوترها و کدها

You Will Learn Python! Zed Shaw has perfected the world's best system for learning Python. Follow it and you will succeed-just like the hundreds of thousands of beginners Zed has taught to date! You bring the discipline, commitment, and persistence; the author supplies everything else. In Learn Python the Hard Way, Third Edition, you'll learn Python by working through 52 brilliantly crafted exercises. Read them. Type their code precisely. (No copying and pasting!) Fix your mistakes. Watch the programs run. As you do, you'll learn how software works; what good programs look like; how to read, write, and think about code; and how to find and fix your mistakes using tricks professional programmers use. Most importantly, you'll learn the following, which you need to start writing excellent Python software of your own: Installing a complete Python environment Organizing and writing code Basic mathematics Variables Strings and text Interacting with users Working with files Looping and logic Data structures using lists and dictionaries Program design Object-oriented programming Inheritance and composition Modules, classes, and objects Python packaging Debugging Automated testing Basic game development Basic web development It'll be hard at first. But soon, you'll just get it-and that will feel great! This tutorial will reward you for every minute you put into it. Soon, you'll know one of the world's most powerful, popular programming languages. You'll be a Python programmer. Watch Zed, too! The accompanying DVD contains 5+ hours of passionate, powerful teaching: a complete Python video course! www.it-ebooks.info Contents 6 Preface 18 Acknowledgments 18 The Hard Way Is Easier 18 Reading and Writing 19 Attention to Detail 19 Spotting Differences 19 Do Not Copy-Paste 19 A Note on Practice and Persistence 20 A Warning for the Smarties 20 Exercise 0 The Setup 23 Mac OSX 23 OSX: What You Should See 24 Windows 24 Windows: What You Should See 25 Linux 26 Linux: What You Should See 27 Warnings for Beginners 27 Exercise 1 A Good First Program 29 What You Should See 31 Study Drills 32 Common Student Questions 33 Exercise 2 Comments and Pound Characters 35 What You Should See 35 Study Drills 35 Common Student Questions 36 Exercise 3 Numbers and Math 37 What You Should See 38 Study Drills 38 Common Student Questions 39 Exercise 4 Variables and Names 41 What You Should See 42 Study Drills 42 Common Student Questions 42 Exercise 5 More Variables and Printing 45 What You Should See 45 Study Drills 46 Common Student Questions 46 Exercise 6 Strings and Text 47 What You Should See 48 Study Drills 48 Common Student Questions 48 Exercise 7 More Printing 49 What You Should See 49 Study Drills 49 Common Student Questions 50 Exercise 8 Printing, Printing 51 What You Should See 51 Study Drills 51 Common Student Questions 51 Exercise 9 Printing, Printing, Printing 53 What You Should See 53 Study Drills 53 Common Student Questions 54 Exercise 10 What Was That? 55 What You Should See 56 Escape Sequences 56 Study Drills 57 Common Student Questions 57 Exercise 11 Asking Questions 59 What You Should See 59 Study Drills 60 Common Student Questions 60 Exercise 12 Prompting People 61 What You Should See 61 Study Drills 61 Common Student Questions 62 Exercise 13 Parameters, Unpacking, Variables 63 Hold Up! Features Have Another Name 63 What You Should See 64 Study Drills 65 Common Student Questions 65 Exercise 14 Prompting and Passing 67 What You Should See 67 Study Drills 68 Common Student Questions 68 Exercise 15 Reading Files 71 What You Should See 72 Study Drills 72 Common Student Questions 73 Exercise 16 Reading and Writing Files 75 What You Should See 76 Study Drills 76 Common Student Questions 77 Exercise 17 More Files 79 What You Should See 80 Study Drills 80 Common Student Questions 81 Exercise 18 Names, Variables, Code, Functions 83 What You Should See 84 Study Drills 85 Common Student Questions 85 Exercise 19 Functions and Variables 87 What You Should See 88 Study Drills 88 Common Student Questions 88 Exercise 20 Functions and Files 91 What You Should See 92 Study Drills 92 Common Student Questions 92 Exercise 21 Functions Can Return Something 95 What You Should See 96 Study Drills 96 Common Student Questions 97 Exercise 22 What Do You Know So Far? 98 What You Are Learning 98 Exercise 23 Read Some Code 99 Exercise 24 More Practice 101 What You Should See 102 Study Drills 102 Common Student Questions 102 Exercise 25 Even More Practice 103 What You Should See 104 Study Drills 105 Common Student Questions 106 Exercise 26 Congratulations, Take a Test! 107 Common Student Questions 107 Exercise 27 Memorizing Logic 109 The Truth Terms 109 The Truth Tables 110 Common Student Questions 111 Exercise 28 Boolean Practice 113 What You Should See 115 Study Drills 115 Common Student Questions 115 Exercise 29 What If 117 What You Should See 117 Study Drills 118 Common Student Questions 118 Exercise 30 Else and If 119 What You Should See 120 Study Drills 120 Common Student Questions 120 Exercise 31 Making Decisions 121 What You Should See 122 Study Drills 122 Common Student Questions 122 Exercise 32 Loops and Lists 123 What You Should See 124 Study Drills 125 Common Student Questions 125 Exercise 33 While-Loops 127 What You Should See 128 Study Drills 128 Common Student Questions 129 Exercise 34 Accessing Elements of Lists 131 Study Drills 132 Exercise 35 Branches and Functions 133 What You Should See 134 Study Drills 135 Common Student Questions 135 Exercise 36 Designing and Debugging 137 Rules for If-Statements 137 Rules for Loops 137 Tips for Debugging 138 Homework 138 Exercise 37 Symbol Review 139 Keywords 139 Data Types 140 String Escape Sequences 141 String Formats 141 Operators 142 Reading Code 143 Study Drills 144 Common Student Questions 144 Exercise 38 Doing Things to Lists 145 What You Should See 146 Study Drills 147 Common Student Questions 147 Exercise 39 Dictionaries, Oh Lovely Dictionaries 149 What You Should See 151 Study Drills 152 Common Student Questions 152 Exercise 40 Modules, Classes, and Objects 155 Modules Are Like Dictionaries 155 Classes Are Like Modules 156 Objects Are Like Mini-Imports 157 Getting Things from Things 158 A First-Class Example 158 What You Should See 159 Study Drills 159 Common Student Questions 160 Exercise 41 Learning to Speak Object Oriented 161 Word Drills 161 Phrase Drills 161 Combined Drills 162 A Reading Test 162 Practice English to Code 164 Reading More Code 165 Common Student Questions 165 Exercise 42 Is-A, Has-A, Objects, and Classes 167 How This Looks in Code 168 About class Name(object) 170 Study Drills 170 Common Student Questions 171 Exercise 43 Basic Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 173 The Analysis of a Simple Game Engine 174 Write or Draw about the Problem 174 Extract Key Concepts and Research Them 175 Create a Class Hierarchy and Object Map for the Concepts 175 Code the Classes and a Test to Run Them 176 Repeat and Refine 178 Top Down vs. Bottom Up 178 The Code for “Gothons from Planet Percal #25” 179 What You Should See 184 Study Drills 185 Common Student Questions 185 Exercise 44 Inheritance vs. Composition 187 What is Inheritance? 187 Implicit Inheritance 188 Override Explicitly 189 Alter Before or After 189 All Three Combined 191 The Reason for super() 192 Using super() with __init__ 192 Composition 193 When to Use Inheritance or Composition 194 Study Drills 194 Common Student Questions 195 Exercise 45 You Make a Game 197 Evaluating Your Game 197 Function Style 198 Class Style 198 Code Style 199 Good Comments 199 Evaluate Your Game 200 Exercise 46 A Project Skeleton 201 Installing Python Packages 201 Creating the Skeleton Project Directory 202 Final Directory Structure 203 Testing Your Setup 204 Using the Skeleton 205 Required Quiz 205 Common Student Questions 206 Exercise 47 Automated Testing 207 Writing a Test Case 207 Testing Guidelines 209 What You Should See 209 Study Drills 210 Common Student Questions 210 Exercise 48 Advanced User Input 211 Our Game Lexicon 211 Breaking Up a Sentence 212 Lexicon Tuples 212 Scanning Input 212 Exceptions and Numbers 213 What You Should Test 213 Design Hints 215 Study Drills 215 Common Student Questions 215 Exercise 49 Making Sentences 217 Match and Peek 217 The Sentence Grammar 218 A Word on Exceptions 220 What You Should Test 221 Study Drills 221 Common Student Questions 221 Exercise 50 Your First Website 223 Installing lpthw.web 223 Make a Simple “Hello World” Project 224 What’s Going On? 225 Fixing Errors 226 Create Basic Templates 226 Study Drills 228 Common Student Questions 228 Exercise 51 Getting Input from a Browser 231 How the Web Works 231 How Forms Work 233 Creating HTML Forms 235 Creating a Layout Template 237 Writing Automated Tests for Forms 238 Study Drills 240 Common Student Questions 241 Exercise 52 The Start of Your Web Game 243 Refactoring the Exercise 43 Game 243 Sessions and Tracking Users 248 Creating an Engine 249 Your Final Exam 252 Common Student Questions 253 Next Steps 254 How to Learn Any Programming Language 255 Advice from an Old Programmer 258 Appendix: Command Line Crash Course 260 Introduction: Shut Up and Shell 260 How to Use This Appendix 260 You Will Be Memorizing Things 261 Exercise 1: The Setup 262 Do This 262 You Learned This 263 Do More 263 Exercise 2: Paths, Folders, Directories (pwd) 265 Do This 265 You Learned This 266 Do More 266 Exercise 3: If You Get Lost 267 Do This 267 You Learned This 267 Exercise 4: Make a Directory (mkdir) 267 Do This 267 You Learned This 269 Do More 269 Exercise 5: Change Directory (cd) 269 Do This 269 You Learned This 272 Do More 272 Exercise 6: List Directory (ls) 273 Do This 273 You Learned This 276 Do More 277 Exercise 7: Remove Directory (rmdir) 277 Do This 277 You Learned This 279 Do More 279 Exercise 8: Move Around (pushd, popd) 279 Do This 280 You Learned This 281 Do More 282 Exercise 9: Make Empty Files (Touch, New-Item) 282 Do This 282 You Learned This 283 Do More 283 Exercise 10: Copy a File (cp) 283 Do This 283 You Learned This 285 Do More 286 Exercise 11: Move a File (mv) 286 Do This 286 You Learned This 288 Do More 288 Exercise 12: View a File (less, MORE) 288 Do This 288 You Learned This 289 Do More 289 Exercise 13: Stream a File (cat) 289 Do This 289 You Learned This 290 Do More 290 Exercise 14: Remove a File (rm) 290 Do This 290 You Learned This 292 Do More 292 Exercise 15: Exit Your Terminal (exit) 292 Do This 292 You Learned This 293 Do More 293 Command Line Next Steps 293 Unix Bash References 293 PowerShell References 294 Index 296 A 296 B 297 C 297 D 298 E 298 F 298 G 299 H 299 I 300 J 300 K 300 L 300 M 301 N 301 O 301 P 302 Q 303 R 303 S 303 T 303 U 304 V 304 W 304 X 304 Y 304 Z 304 "Zed Shaw has perfected the worlds best system for learning Python. Follow it and you will succeed-just like the hundreds of thousands of beginners Zed has taught to date! You bring the discipline, commitment, and persistence; the author supplies everything else. In Learn Python the Hard Way Third Edition, you will learn Python by working through 52 brilliantly crafted exercises. Read them. Type their code precisely. No copying and pasting. Fix your mistakes. Watch the programs run. As you do you will learn how software works; what good programs look like; how to read, write, and think about code; and how to find and fix your mistakes using tricks professional programmers use." --Résumé de l'éditeur Zed Shaw has perfected the worlds best system for learning Python. Follow it and you will succeed-just like the hundreds of thousands of beginners Zed has taught to date! You bring the discipline, commitment, and persistence; the author supplies everything else. In Learn Python the Hard Way Third Edition, you will learn Python by working through 52 brilliantly crafted exercises. Read them. Type their code precisely. No copying and pasting. Fix your mistakes. Watch the programs run. As you do you will learn how software works; what good programs look like; how to read, write, and think about code; and how to find and fix your mistakes using tricks professional programmers use. Publisher description