یادگیری مهندسی با لگو: مقدمه‌ای عملی بر مفاهیم مهندسی (سری نوآوری‌های سازنده)

LEGO Mindstorms and SPIKE Prime are great products with vast capabilities, but are often so complex that many people don’t know how to use them. LEGO provides a walk-through of a few projects to build, which are cool, but after building these many people get stuck on “now what?” This book answers that question by showing the underlying principles required to build their own ideas. This book is a hands-on tour of how machines work with LEGO―there’s nothing like building a machine with your own two hands to understand how it works. It includes aspects of software engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering. As parts and associated engineering concepts are presented, they will be shown in their practical use with graphical step-by-step assembly instructions. The concepts conveyed are mostly learned through building examples, with text explanation to reinforce the ideas being learned. Every engineering concept has a building example to go with it, in a quick build of less than 15 assembly steps. At the end of each chapter there’s a project to tie the concepts of the chapter together of a little more complexity, involving 15 to 30 steps. These assembly steps are drawn with a computer aided design program that looks like the diagrams that LEGO produces for its products, so readers will be familiar with the look of the assembly directions. What You'll Learn Layout a Word Blocks or Python computer program from scratch See how LEGO building elements are meant to be assembled Manipulate the power source of a rotating shaft from an electric motor Use gears to alter the speed and torque of a power train Change the motion from a rotating shaft to a desired action Basic mechanisms (turntable, differential, cam, ratchet, etc.) to Use sensors (motion, distance, light, color) to make interactive inventions Integrate mechanical, software, and electrical subsystems in a project Who This Book Is For The knowledge presumed in this book is basic familiarity in building with LEGO, having past experience with building a set of moderate complexity of more than a 100 pieces. Basic familiarity with operating a personal computer is also assumed, such as to install an app. Likely interested readers are: LEGO fans looking for ways to build new and better inventions, middle-school and high-school age students who have an interest in science, math, and engineering, adults who like to learn how things work and tinker with inventions, and educators who use the SPIKE Prime set and are looking for new ideas for lesson plans. Table of Contents About the Author About the Technical Reviewer Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: The Hub Assembling and Charging the Hub Controls and Displays Exercise: The Motor Spinner Activating the Motor Project: The Distance Spinner Using the Distance Spinner Summary Chapter 2: Programming Using the Robot Inventor App Installing and Updating the App The Interface Connecting the Hub Updating the Hub Operating System Exploring the Hub Screen The Program Design Process Writing the Algorithm Drawing the Flowchart Writing the Program Coding in Word Blocks Writing Comments Coding in Python The Complete Code Importing Code Creating an Object and Assigning It to a Variable Displaying Text on the Hub Screen Beeping the Hub Speaker Setting the Center Button Light Waiting Ten Seconds Ending the Program Downloading and Running Code Debugging and Troubleshooting Project: The Dance Floor The Word Blocks Code The Python Code Defining a Variable Beginning the Loop and Checking for a Button Press Setting the Center Button Light Color Beeping the Hub Speaker Lighting Up a Pixel Setting the Tempo with a Delay Incrementing a Variable Checking the Value of a Count Summary Chapter 3: Building Elements Liftarms Straight Liftarms Bent Liftarms Rectangular Liftarms Connecting Liftarms Pins Axles and Bushes Exercise: Triangular Structures Connectors Exercise: Symmetric Objects Project: Mechanical Linkages The Universal Joint The Eccentric Summary Chapter 4: Gears Gears in the Robot Inventor Set Spur Gears Beveled Gears Speeding Up Rotation, or “Gearing Up” Slowing Down Rotation, or “Gearing Down” Exercise: The Many-Geared Machine Direction of Rotation Calculating Gear Ratio for More Than Two Gears Exercise: The Torque Demonstrator Lowering Torque by Gearing Down Raising Speed by Attempting to Raise Input Torque (and Failing) Exercise: The Compound-Gear Spinner Project: Two-Speed Transmission Summary Chapter 5: Mechanisms Exercise: The Ratchet Exercise: The Cam Exercise: The Differential Assembling the Differential The Differential Demonstrator Exercise: Turntables Project: The Mechanized Cannon Summary Chapter 6: Motors Speed and Angle Exercise: The Speed and Angle Demonstrator Controlling Motor Speed in Word Blocks Controlling Motor Speed in Python Setting Motor Angle in Word Blocks Setting Motor Angle in Python Exercise: Understanding Torque and Stall Exercise: Powering a Vehicle with a Tank Drive Building the Tank Programming the Tank The Word Blocks Code The Python Code Exercise: Using a Motor As a Rotation Sensor Building the Position Mimic Programming the Position Mimic The Word Blocks Code The Python Code Project: The Rear-Wheel Drive Car Building the Rear-Wheel Drive Car Programming the Rear-Wheel Drive Car The Word Blocks Code The Python Code Summary Chapter 7: The Motion Sensor Tilt Angle: Yaw, Pitch, and Roll Exercise: Programming with Tilt Data Measuring Tilt Angles in Word Blocks Measuring Tilt Angles in Python Exercise: The Cat Sound Generator The Word Blocks Code The Python Code Other Motion Sensor Measurements: Gyro Rate and Acceleration Project: The Up Pointer Building the Up Pointer Programming the Up Pointer The Word Blocks Code The Python Code Summary Chapter 8: The Distance Sensor Exercise: The Ultrasonic Tape Measure Building the Ultrasonic Tape Measure Programming the Ultrasonic Tape Measure The Word Blocks Code The Python Code Project: The Scanning Cannon Building the Scanning Cannon Programming the Scanning Cannon The Word Blocks Code The Python Code Summary Chapter 9: The Color Sensor Exercise: The Brightness Beeper Building the Brightness Beeper Programming the Brightness Beeper The Word Blocks Code The Python Code Project: The Color Sorter Building the Color Sorter The Baseplate The Chute The Pusher The Basket Final Assembly Programming the Color Sorter The Word Blocks Code The Python Code Summary Appendix A: Parts Lists Index LEGO Mindstorms and SPIKE Prime are great products with vast capabilities, but are often so complex that many people don’t know how to use them. LEGO provides a walk-through of a few projects to build, which are cool, but after building these many people get stuck on “now what?” This book answers that question by showing the underlying principles required to build their own ideas. This book is a hands-on tour of how machines work with LEGO—there’s nothing like building a machine with your own to hands to understand how it works. It includes aspects of software engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering. As parts and associated engineering concepts are presented, they will be shown in their practical use with graphical step-by-step assembly instructions. The concepts conveyed are mostly learned through building examples, with text explanation to reinforce the ideas being learned. Every engineering concept has a building example to go with it, in a quick build of less than 15 assembly steps. At the end of each chapter there’s a project to tie the concepts of the chapter together of a little more complexity, involving 15 to 30 steps. These assembly steps are drawn with a computer aided design program that looks like the diagrams that LEGO produces for its products, so readers will be familiar with the look of the assembly directions. You will learn: How to layout a Word Blocks or Python computer program from scratch How LEGO building elements are meant to be assembled How to manipulate the power source of a rotating shaft from an electric motor How gears manipulate the speed and torque of a power train Basic mechanisms (turntable, differential, cam, ratchet, etc.) to change the motion from a rotating shaft to a desired action How to use sensors (motion, distance, light, color) to make interactive inventions How to integrate mechanical, software, and electrical subsystems in a project Who this book is for: The knowledge presumed in this book is basic familiarity in building with LEGO, having past experience with building a set of moderate complexity of more than a 100 pieces. Basic familiarity with operating a personal computer is also assumed, such as to install an app. Likely interested readers are: LEGO fans looking for ways to build new and better inventions, middle-school and high-school age students who have an interest in science, math, and engineering, adults who like to learn how things work and tinker with inventions, and educators who use the SPIKE Prime set and are looking for new ideas for lesson plans.