Lean and Agile Software Development: 5th International Conference, LASD 2021, Virtual Event, January 23, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing Book 408)

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5 th International Conference on Lean and Agile Software Development, LASD 2021, which was held online on January 23, 2021. The conference received a total of 32 submissions, of which 10 full and 2 short papers are included in this volume. In addition, one keynote paper is also included. To live the agile mindset, the LASD conference focuses on highly relevant research outcomes and fosters their way into practice. Topics discussed in this volume range from teams under COVID-19 through women in Agile, to product road-mapping and non-functional requirements. Preface 6 Organization 8 Contents 12 Full Papers 14 Women in Agile: The Impact of Organizational Support for Women's Advancement on Teamwork Quality and Performance in Agile Software Development Teams 15 1 Introduction 15 2 Related Work 16 2.1 Gender Diversity in Software Teams 16 2.2 Organizational Support for Women's Advancement 17 2.3 Gaps in the Literature and Research Objectives 18 3 Conceptual Model 18 4 Method 22 5 Results 26 5.1 Factor Analysis 26 5.2 Regression Results 26 6 Discussion 27 6.1 Organizational Support for Women's Advancements vs. Gender Diversity as a Head Count 28 6.2 Linking Teamwork Quality to Team Performance 30 6.3 Potential Limitations and Directions for Future Research 31 6.4 Conclusion 31 References 32 The State of Agile Software Development Teams During the Covid-19 Pandemic 36 1 Introduction 36 1.1 Problem Statement 37 1.2 Objective 37 1.3 Contribution 38 1.4 Overview 38 2 Related Work 38 3 Research Design and Methodology 39 4 Results 40 4.1 Teams Characteristic 40 4.2 Pandemic Impact on ASDT Work 43 4.3 Metrics and Tools Used by ASDT 46 5 Discussion and Future Work 48 6 Conclusion 50 References 50 The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic and Agile Methodologies in Software Development: A Multiple Case Study in Germany 52 1 Introduction 52 2 Related Work 54 2.1 Agile Methodologies in Distributed and Remote Working Software Development 54 2.2 Agile Software Development Teams During the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic 55 3 Research Design 56 3.1 Research Approach 56 3.2 Research Questions 57 3.3 Data Collection 58 3.4 Data Analysis 59 4 Results 59 4.1 Overview of the Results 59 4.2 Answering the Research Questions 61 5 Threats to Validity 66 6 Conclusion and Future Work 66 Appendix 1 68 Appendix 2 68 References 68 Agile Project Development Issues During COVID-19 71 1 Introduction 71 2 Survey Modelling 73 3 Experimental Design and Methodology 74 4 Results and Analysis 75 5 Discussion and Analysis 78 6 Conclusion 80 Appendix 80 References 81 Achieving Agility in IT Project Portfolios – A Systematic Literature Review 83 1 Introduction 83 2 Background 84 2.1 Project Portfolio Management 84 2.2 IT Agility and Agile Software Development 85 2.3 Agile Portfolio Management 85 3 Review Method 86 3.1 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 87 3.2 Data Sources and Search Strategy 88 3.3 Study Selection Process 88 3.4 Data Extraction and Synthesis of Findings 89 3.5 Threats to Validity 89 4 Findings 91 4.1 Impacts on Portfolio Practices 92 4.2 Agility Approaches in Practice 94 5 Discussion 96 5.1 Implications of Findings 96 5.2 Limitations of This Study 97 6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions 98 Appendix – Selected Studies 98 References 100 A Systematic Literature Review on Implementing Non-functional Requirements in Agile Software Development: Issues and Facilitating Practices 103 1 Introduction 103 2 Rationale Behind Implementing NFRs 105 3 Methodology 106 3.1 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 106 3.2 Search Query Definition 107 3.3 Search Strategy 107 3.4 Search Execution 108 4 Results 108 4.1 What Issues Affect the Identification and Implementation of Non-functional Requirements in ASD? 108 4.2 What Practices Facilitate the Successful Identification and Implementation of Non-functional Requirements in ASD? 112 5 Discussion 113 5.1 Comparison with Related Works 113 5.2 Limitations 114 5.3 Implications for Research and Practice 115 6 Conclusions 115 References 116 Product Roadmapping Processes for an Uncertain Market Environment: A Grey Literature Review 123 1 Introduction 124 2 Related Work 126 3 Research Approach 127 3.1 Planning the Review 128 3.2 Conducting the Review 129 4 Results 131 5 Threats to Validity 136 6 Summary 137 Appendix. Articles Identified by the Grey Literature Review 138 References 140 Experience vs Data: A Case for More Data-Informed Retrospective Activities 142 1 Introduction 142 1.1 Retrospective Meetings 143 1.2 Data Sources Used in Retrospective Meetings 144 1.3 Research Goals 144 2 Retrospective Activities 145 3 Review of Retrospective Activities 146 3.1 Activity Extraction 146 3.2 Identification of Retrospective Inputs 147 3.3 Classification of Retrospective Data Sources 147 4 Activities Already Reliant on Project Data 149 5 Towards Data-Informed Retrospective Activities 150 6 Conclusion 152 References 154 Reducing the Uncertainty of Agile Software Development Using a Random Forest Classification Algorithm 157 1 Introduction 158 2 Related Work 159 3 Company Landscape and Research Environment 161 4 Research Method 162 4.1 List of Features Used for Classifiers Training, Listed by Representation in Train/Test Sets 162 5 Results 164 5.1 Key Findings 165 6 Discussion 166 7 Conclusion 166 References 167 MSFL: A Model for Fault Localization Using Mutation-Spectra Technique 168 1 Introduction 168 2 Related Work 170 3 Proposed Approach 173 3.1 Overview 173 3.2 Detailed Description 174 4 Experimental Results 177 4.1 Setup 177 4.2 Data-Set Used 178 4.3 Evaluation Metric 179 4.4 Results Obtained 179 4.5 Threats to the Validity 182 5 Discussion 182 6 Conclusion 183 References 183 Short Papers 186 Implementing Lean Principles in Scrum to Adapt to Remote Work in a Covid-19 Impacted Software Team 187 1 Introduction 187 2 Remote Scrum Challenges 188 2.1 Scrum Ceremonies 189 2.2 Distractions 189 2.3 Fatigue 189 3 Waste Within Scrum: Key Inputs 190 3.1 Requirements 190 3.2 Backlogs 191 4 Adaptions to the Scrum Process 191 4.1 Scrum Ceremonies 191 4.2 Backlog Adaption 192 5 Process and Tools 192 6 Conclusion and Future Work 193 References 194 Business-Oriented Approach to Requirements Elicitation in a Scrum Project 195 1 Introduction 195 2 Case Study 196 2.1 To-Be Process Model 197 2.2 Use Case Model 198 3 Discussion 199 4 Conclusion 200 References 200 Keynote Paper 202 Pair Programming: An Empirical Investigation in an Agile Software Development Environment 203 1 Introduction 203 2 Research Methodology and Experimentation 205 2.1 Results of Comparisons of Debugging Time for Various Pairs and Individual Programmers 205 3 Conclusion 206 References 206 Author Index 208