Leaf Optical Properties

"Plant leaves collectively represent the largest above-ground surface area of plant material in virtually all environments. Their optical properties determine where and how energy and gas exchange occurs, which in turn drives the energy budget of the planet, and defines its ecology and habitability. This book reviews the state-of-the-art research on leaf optics. Topics covered include leaf traits, the anatomy and structure of leaves, leaf colour, biophysics and spectroscopy, radiometry, radiative transfer models, and remote and proximal sensing. A physical approach is emphasised throughout, providing the necessary foundations in physics, chemistry and biology to make the context accessible to readers from various subject backgrounds. It is a valuable resource for advanced students, researchers and government agency practitioners in remote sensing, plant physiology, ecology, resource management and conservation."-- Provided by publisher Cover 1 Front Matter 3 LEAF OPTICAL PROPERTIES 5 Copyrigh 6 Contents 7 Preface 11 Symbols 13 Acknowledgments 15 1 A Brief History of Leaf Color 17 2 Leaf Biophysics 28 3 Spectroscopy of Leaf Molecules 64 4 Measurement of Leaf Optical Properties 90 5 Leaf Optical Properties in Different Wavelength Domains 140 6 Variation Due to Leaf Structural, Chemical, and Physiological Traits 186 7 Variations Due to Leaf Abiotic and Biotic Factors 211 8 Comprehensive Reviews of Leaf Optical Properties Models 245 9 Modeling Leaf Optical Properties: prospect 281 10 Modeling Three-Dimensional Leaf Optical Properties: raytran 308 11 Extraction of Leaf Traits 336 12 Applications of Leaf Optics 373 Conclusion 420 Appendix A. Glossary and Acronym List 422 Appendix B. Leaf Molecules 439 Appendix C. Planck’s Law 451 Appendix D. Radiometry 455 Appendix E. Fresnel’s Equations 458 Appendix F. Beer–Lambert Law 468 Appendix G. Kubelka–Munk Theory 471 Appendix H. Global Sensitivity Analysis 478 Appendix I. Leaf Three-Dimensional Reconstruction 480 Appendix J. Leaf Online Databases and Models 485 References 489 Index 560 Plate Section 573 Leaf Optical Properties reviews the state-of-the-art research into leaf interactions with light, for anyone working in or studying remote sensing, plant physiology, ecology or resource management. Topics covered include leaf traits, their anatomy and structure, biophysics and spectroscopy, radiometry, radiative transfer models, and remote and proximal sensing