Lead-Acid Batteries - Science and Technology - A Handbook of Lead-Acid Battery Technology and its Influence on the Product

The book presents a comprehensive overview of the theory of the technological processes of lead-acid battery manufacture and their influence on battery performance parameters. It summarizes the current knowledge about the technology of lead-acid battery production and presents it in the form of an integral theory. This theory is supported by ample illustrative material and experimental data, thus allowing technologists and engineers to control the technological processes in battery plants and providing university lecturers with a toll for clear and in-depth presentation of the technology of lead-acid battery production in their courses. The relationship between the technological processes and the performance characteristics of the batteries is disclosed too. Content: Front Matter • Preface • Table of Contents •Part I. Fundamentals of Lead - Acid Batteries 1. Invention and Development of the Lead - Acid Battery 2. Fundamentals of Lead - Acid Batteries •Part II. Materials Used for Lead-Acid Battery Manufacture 3. H2SO4 Electrolyte - An Active Material in the Lead - Acid Cell 4. Lead Alloys and Grids. Grid Design Principles 5. Leady Oxide •Part III. Processes during Paste Preparation and Curing of the Plates 6. Pastes and Grid Pasting 7. Additives to the Pastes for Positive and Negative Battery Plates 8. Curing of Battery Plates •Part IV. Plate Formation 9. Soaking of Cured Plates before Formation 10. Formation of Positive Lead - Acid Battery Plates 11. Processes during Formation of Negative Battery Plates 12. Technology of Formation •Part V. Battery Storage and VRLA Batteries 13. Processes after Formation of the Plates and during Battery Storage 14. Methods to Restore the Water Decomposed during Charge and Overcharge of Lead - Acid Batteries. VRLA Batteries •Part VI. Calculation of the Active Materials in a Lead - Acid Cell 15. Calculation of the Active Materials for Lead - Acid Cells • Epilogue Appendices Index Front Cover 1 Lead–Acid Batteries: Science and Technology 4 Copyright 5 Dedication 6 Contents 8 Preface 10 Acknowledgements 12 Part 1 -Fundamentals of Lead-Acid Batteries 14 Chapter 1 -Invention and Development of the Lead–Acid Battery 16 1.1. A Prelude 16 1.2. Gaston Planté – The Inventor of the Lead–Acid Battery 17 1.3. What Pains Had the Lead–Acid Battery to Go Through 24 1.4. The Lead–Acid Battery in the Twentieth Century – Second Stage in its Development 26 1.5. Applications of Lead–Acid Batteries 34 1.6. Challenges Calling for a New Stage in the Development of the Lead–Acid Battery 36 References 39 Chapter 2 -Fundamentals of Lead–Acid Batteries 42 2.1. Thermodynamics of the Lead–Acid Battery 42 2.2. Electrode Systems Formed During Anodic Polarization of Pb in H2SO4 Solution 57 2.3. The Pb/PbSO4/H2SO4 Electrode 60 2.4. H2/H+ Electrode on Pb Surface 69 2.5. The Pb/PbO/PbSO4 Electrode System 72 2.6. The Pb/PbO2/PbSO4 Electrode System 84 2.7. Electrochemical Preparation of the Me/PbO2 Electrode 88 2.8. Electrochemical Behaviour of the Pb/PbO2/H2SO4 Electrode 89 2.9. Hydration and Amorphization of Active Mass PbO2 Particles and Impact on the Discharge Processes 91 2.10. The H2O/O2 Electrode System 99 2.11. Anodic Corrosion of Lead and Lead Alloys in the Lead Dioxide Potential Region 104 2.12. The Lead–Acid Cell 117 References 124 Part 2 -Materials Used for Lead-Acid Battery Manufacture 128 Chapter 3 -H2SO4 Electrolyte – An Active Material in the Lead–Acid Cell 130 3.1. H2SO4 Solutions Used as Electrolytes in the Battery Industry 130 3.2. Purity of H2SO4 Used in Lead–Acid Batteries 131 3.3. Dissociation of H2SO4 134 3.4.Electrical Conductivity of H2SO4 Solutions 134 3.5. Dependence of the Electromotive Force of a Lead–Acid Cell on Electrolyte Concentration and Its Influence on Charge Voltage 136 3.6. Correlation Between H2SO4 Amount and Cell Capacity 139 3.7. Utilization of the Active Materials in the Lead–Acid Battery and Battery Performance 142 3.8. Correlation Between the Electrochemical Activity of PbO2/PbSO4 Electrode and H2SO4 Electrolyte Concentration 146 3.9. Correlation Between Solubility of PbSO4 Crystals and Electrolyte Concentration 149 3.10. Influence of H2SO4 Electrolyte Concentration on Battery Performance 149 3.11. Additives to Electrolyte 151 3.12. Contaminants (Impurities) in Electrolyte Solution 155 3.13. Influence of Electrolyte Stratification on Battery Performance 157 References 160 Chapter 4 -Lead Alloys and Grids. Grid Design Principles 162 4.1.Battery Industry Requirements to Lead Alloys 162 4.2. Purity Specifications for Lead Used in the Battery Industry 165 4.3. Lead–Antimony Alloys 166 4.4. Lead–Calcium Alloys 191 4.5. Lead–Calcium–Tin Alloys 198 4.6. Lead–Tin Alloys 212 4.7. Grid Design Principles 215 4.8. Grid/Spine Casting 220 4.9. Continuous Plate Production Process 221 4.10. Tubular Positive Plates 226 4.11. Copper-Stretch-Metal Negative Grids 230 References 232 Chapter 5 -Leady Oxide 236 5.1. Physical Properties of Lead Oxide and Red Lead 236 5.2. Mechanism of Thermal Oxidation of Lead 238 5.3. Production of Leady Oxide 240 5.4. Characteristics of Leady Oxide 251 5.5. Influence of Leady Oxide Properties on Battery Performance Characteristics 260 References 263 Part 3 -Processes During Paste Preparation and Curing of the Plates 264 Chapter 6 -Pastes and Grid Pasting 266 6.1. Introduction 266 6.2. Fundamentals 266 6.3. Technology of Paste Preparation 299 References 321 Chapter 7 -Additives to the Pastes for Positive and Negative Battery Plates 324 7.1. Additives to the Pastes for Negative Plate Manufacture 324 7.2. Additives to the Positive Paste 363 References 372 Chapter 8 -Curing of Battery Plates 376 8.1. Introduction 376 8.2. Fundamentals 377 8.3. Technology of Plate Curing 410 References 416 Part 4 -Plate Formation 418 Chapter 9 -Soaking of Cured Plates Before Formation 420 9.1. Technological Procedures Involved in the Formation of Lead–Acid Battery Plates 420 9.2. H2SO4 Electrolyte During Soaking and Formation 422 9.3. Processes During Soaking of 3BS Cured Plates 426 9.4. Soaking of 4BS Cured Pastes 444 9.5. Influence of the Soaking Process on Battery Performance 453 References 455 Chapter 10 -Formation of Positive Lead–Acid Battery Plates 456 10.1. Equilibrium Potentials of the Electrode Systems Formed During the Formation Process 456 10.2. Formation of PAM from 3BS-Cured Pastes 457 10.3. Formation of Plates Prepared with 4BS Cured Pastes 466 10.4. Mechanisms of the Crystallization Processes During Formation of Positive Plates with 4BS Paste 470 10.5. Structure of the Formed Interface Grid/Corrosion Layer/Active Mass [14] 473 10.6. Influence of the H2SO4/LO Ratio on the Proportion Between β- and α-PbO2 in PAM and on Plate Capacity 475 10.7. Structure of the Positive Active Mass 476 10.8. Influence of Grid Alloying Additives on the Electrochemical Activity of PbO2 Binders 488 References 491 Chapter 11 -Processes During Formation of Negative Battery Plates 494 11.1. Equilibrium Potentials of the Electrochemical Reactions of Formation 494 11.2. Reactions During Formation of Negative Plate 495 11.3. Zonal Processes 497 11.4. Structure of Negative Active Mass 499 11.5. Effect of Expander on the Processes of Formation of NAM Structure and Factors Responsible for Expander Disintegration 506 References 512 Chapter 12 -Technology of Formation 514 12.1. Introduction 514 12.2. Influence of Active Mass Structure on Plate Capacity 517 12.3. Initial Stages of Formation of Lead–Acid Batteries 518 12.4. Formation of Positive and Negative Active Materials from Cured Pastes 522 12.5. Influence of PbO2 Crystal Modifications on the Capacity of Positive Plates. Formation Parameters that Affect the α/β -PbO2 Proportion 532 12.6. Criteria Indicating End of Formation 538 12.7. Influence of Current-Collector Surface on Formation of PbSO4 Crystals at Grid/PAM Interface 538 12.8. Method for Shortening the Duration of the Formation Process 541 References 544 Part 5 -Battery Storage and VRLA Batteries 546 Chapter 13 -Processes After Formation of the Plates and During Battery Storage 548 13.1. State of Battery Plates After Formation 548 13.2. Dry-Charged Batteries 549 13.3. Wet-Charged Batteries 564 References 579 Chapter 14 -Methods to Restore the Water Decomposed During Charge and Overcharge of Lead–Acid Batteries. VRLA Batteries 580 14.1. Recombination of Hydrogen and Oxygen into Water Using Catalytic Plugs 580 14.2. Recombination of Hydrogen and Oxygen to Water on Auxiliary Catalytic Electrodes 584 14.3. Valve-Regulated Lead–Acid Batteries (VRLAB) 589 Summary 615 References 615 Part 6 -Calculation of the Active Materials in a Lead–Acid Cell 618 Chapter 15 -Calculation of the Active Materials for Lead–Acid Cells 620 15.1. Basic Units of Electricity and Equivalents for Electricity and Mass 620 15.2. Electrochemical Equivalent Weights of Active Materials in a Lead–Acid Cell per Ah of Electric Charge (Electricity) 620 15.3. Parameters Accounting for the Degree of Active Material Utilization During Current Generation and Correlation B ... 622 15.4. Amount of H2SO4 in a Lead–Acid Cell 624 15.5. An Example for Calculating the Active Materials in a 50Ah SLI Cell at ηPAM = 50% and ηNAM = 45% 626 15.6. An Exemplary Calculation of Paste Composition 627 15.7. Measuring of Electrode Potentials 630 References 635 Epilogue 636 How I Found Myself in the Realm of the Lead-Acid Batteries? 636 Appendices 638 Appendix 1. Thermodynamic Data for Lead Compounds. H. Bode, Lead-Acid Batteries, John Wiles & Sons, Inc., New York, USA, 1 ... 638 Appendix 2. X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data for Battery Phases Pb R.J. Hill, J. Power Sources 9 (1983) 55 638 α-PbO 638 β-PbO 639 Pb3O4 639 α-PbO2 640 β-PbO2 640 PbO·PbSO4 640 3PbO·PbSO4·H2O 641 4PbO·PbSO4 642 PbSO4 643 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2 644 Index 646 Front Cover......Page 1 Lead–Acid Batteries: Science and Technology......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 10 Acknowledgements......Page 12 Part 1 -Fundamentals of Lead-Acid Batteries......Page 14 1.1. A Prelude......Page 16 1.2. Gaston Planté – The Inventor of the Lead–Acid Battery......Page 17 1.3. What Pains Had the Lead–Acid Battery to Go Through......Page 24 1.4. The Lead–Acid Battery in the Twentieth Century – Second Stage in its Development......Page 26 1.5. Applications of Lead–Acid Batteries......Page 34 1.6. Challenges Calling for a New Stage in the Development of the Lead–Acid Battery......Page 36 References......Page 39 2.1. Thermodynamics of the Lead–Acid Battery......Page 42 2.2. Electrode Systems Formed During Anodic Polarization of Pb in H2SO4 Solution......Page 57 2.3. The Pb/PbSO4/H2SO4 Electrode......Page 60 2.4. H2/H+ Electrode on Pb Surface......Page 69 2.5. The Pb/PbO/PbSO4 Electrode System......Page 72 2.6. The Pb/PbO2/PbSO4 Electrode System......Page 84 2.7. Electrochemical Preparation of the Me/PbO2 Electrode......Page 88 2.8. Electrochemical Behaviour of the Pb/PbO2/H2SO4 Electrode......Page 89 2.9. Hydration and Amorphization of Active Mass PbO2 Particles and Impact on the Discharge Processes......Page 91 2.10. The H2O/O2 Electrode System......Page 99 2.11. Anodic Corrosion of Lead and Lead Alloys in the Lead Dioxide Potential Region......Page 104 2.12. The Lead–Acid Cell......Page 117 References......Page 124 Part 2 -Materials Used for Lead-Acid Battery Manufacture......Page 128 3.1. H2SO4 Solutions Used as Electrolytes in the Battery Industry......Page 130 3.2. Purity of H2SO4 Used in Lead–Acid Batteries......Page 131 3.4.Electrical Conductivity of H2SO4 Solutions......Page 134 3.5. Dependence of the Electromotive Force of a Lead–Acid Cell on Electrolyte Concentration and Its Influence on Charge Voltage......Page 136 3.6. Correlation Between H2SO4 Amount and Cell Capacity......Page 139 3.7. Utilization of the Active Materials in the Lead–Acid Battery and Battery Performance......Page 142 3.8. Correlation Between the Electrochemical Activity of PbO2/PbSO4 Electrode and H2SO4 Electrolyte Concentration......Page 146 3.10. Influence of H2SO4 Electrolyte Concentration on Battery Performance......Page 149 3.11. Additives to Electrolyte......Page 151 3.12. Contaminants (Impurities) in Electrolyte Solution......Page 155 3.13. Influence of Electrolyte Stratification on Battery Performance......Page 157 References......Page 160 4.1.Battery Industry Requirements to Lead Alloys......Page 162 4.2. Purity Specifications for Lead Used in the Battery Industry......Page 165 4.3. Lead–Antimony Alloys......Page 166 4.4. Lead–Calcium Alloys......Page 191 4.5. Lead–Calcium–Tin Alloys......Page 198 4.6. Lead–Tin Alloys......Page 212 4.7. Grid Design Principles......Page 215 4.8. Grid/Spine Casting......Page 220 4.9. Continuous Plate Production Process......Page 221 4.10. Tubular Positive Plates......Page 226 4.11. Copper-Stretch-Metal Negative Grids......Page 230 References......Page 232 5.1. Physical Properties of Lead Oxide and Red Lead......Page 236 5.2. Mechanism of Thermal Oxidation of Lead......Page 238 5.3. Production of Leady Oxide......Page 240 5.4. Characteristics of Leady Oxide......Page 251 5.5. Influence of Leady Oxide Properties on Battery Performance Characteristics......Page 260 References......Page 263 Part 3 -Processes During Paste Preparation and Curing of the Plates......Page 264 6.2. Fundamentals......Page 266 6.3. Technology of Paste Preparation......Page 299 References......Page 321 7.1. Additives to the Pastes for Negative Plate Manufacture......Page 324 7.2. Additives to the Positive Paste......Page 363 References......Page 372 8.1. Introduction......Page 376 8.2. Fundamentals......Page 377 8.3. Technology of Plate Curing......Page 410 References......Page 416 Part 4 -Plate Formation......Page 418 9.1. Technological Procedures Involved in the Formation of Lead–Acid Battery Plates......Page 420 9.2. H2SO4 Electrolyte During Soaking and Formation......Page 422 9.3. Processes During Soaking of 3BS Cured Plates......Page 426 9.4. Soaking of 4BS Cured Pastes......Page 444 9.5. Influence of the Soaking Process on Battery Performance......Page 453 References......Page 455 10.1. Equilibrium Potentials of the Electrode Systems Formed During the Formation Process......Page 456 10.2. Formation of PAM from 3BS-Cured Pastes......Page 457 10.3. Formation of Plates Prepared with 4BS Cured Pastes......Page 466 10.4. Mechanisms of the Crystallization Processes During Formation of Positive Plates with 4BS Paste......Page 470 10.5. Structure of the Formed Interface Grid/Corrosion Layer/Active Mass [14]......Page 473 10.6. Influence of the H2SO4/LO Ratio on the Proportion Between β- and α-PbO2 in PAM and on Plate Capacity......Page 475 10.7. Structure of the Positive Active Mass......Page 476 10.8. Influence of Grid Alloying Additives on the Electrochemical Activity of PbO2 Binders......Page 488 References......Page 491 11.1. Equilibrium Potentials of the Electrochemical Reactions of Formation......Page 494 11.2. Reactions During Formation of Negative Plate......Page 495 11.3. Zonal Processes......Page 497 11.4. Structure of Negative Active Mass......Page 499 11.5. Effect of Expander on the Processes of Formation of NAM Structure and Factors Responsible for Expander Disintegration......Page 506 References......Page 512 12.1. Introduction......Page 514 12.2. Influence of Active Mass Structure on Plate Capacity......Page 517 12.3. Initial Stages of Formation of Lead–Acid Batteries......Page 518 12.4. Formation of Positive and Negative Active Materials from Cured Pastes......Page 522 12.5. Influence of PbO2 Crystal Modifications on the Capacity of Positive Plates. Formation Parameters that Affect the α/β -PbO2 Proportion......Page 532 12.7. Influence of Current-Collector Surface on Formation of PbSO4 Crystals at Grid/PAM Interface......Page 538 12.8. Method for Shortening the Duration of the Formation Process......Page 541 References......Page 544 Part 5 -Battery Storage and VRLA Batteries......Page 546 13.1. State of Battery Plates After Formation......Page 548 13.2. Dry-Charged Batteries......Page 549 13.3. Wet-Charged Batteries......Page 564 References......Page 579 14.1. Recombination of Hydrogen and Oxygen into Water Using Catalytic Plugs......Page 580 14.2. Recombination of Hydrogen and Oxygen to Water on Auxiliary Catalytic Electrodes......Page 584 14.3. Valve-Regulated Lead–Acid Batteries (VRLAB)......Page 589 References......Page 615 Part 6 -Calculation of the Active Materials in a Lead–Acid Cell......Page 618 15.2. Electrochemical Equivalent Weights of Active Materials in a Lead–Acid Cell per Ah of Electric Charge (Electricity)......Page 620 15.3. Parameters Accounting for the Degree of Active Material Utilization During Current Generation and Correlation B .........Page 622 15.4. Amount of H2SO4 in a Lead–Acid Cell......Page 624 15.5. An Example for Calculating the Active Materials in a 50Ah SLI Cell at ηPAM = 50% and ηNAM = 45%......Page 626 15.6. An Exemplary Calculation of Paste Composition......Page 627 15.7. Measuring of Electrode Potentials......Page 630 References......Page 635 How I Found Myself in the Realm of the Lead-Acid Batteries?......Page 636 α-PbO......Page 638 Pb3O4......Page 639 PbO·PbSO4......Page 640 3PbO·PbSO4·H2O......Page 641 4PbO·PbSO4......Page 642 PbSO4......Page 643 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2......Page 644 Index......Page 646 Machine generated contents note: About the AuthorPreface to the Second EditionPreface to the Third EditionList of Symbols and Abbreviations1 Fire science and combustion 1.1 Fuels and the Combustion Process 1.2 The Physical Chemistry of Combustion in Fires Problems2 Heat transfer 2.1 Summary of the heat transfer equations 2.2 Conduction 2.3 Convection 2.4 Radiation Problems3 Limits of flammability and premixed flames 3.1 Limits of flammability 3.2 The structure of a premixed flame 3.3 Heat losses from premixed flames 3.4 Measurement of burning velocities 3.5 Variation of burning velocity with experimental parameters 3.6 The effect of turbulence Problems4 Diffusion flames and fire plumes 4.1 Laminar jet flames 4.2 Turbulent jet flames 4.3 Flames from natural fires 4.4 Some practical applications Problems5 Steady burning of liquids and solids 5.1 Burning of liquids 5.2 Burning of solids Problems6 Ignition: The initiation of flaming combustion 6.1 Ignition of flammable vapour/air mixtures 6.2 Ignition of liquids 6.3 Pilot ignition of solids 6.4 Spontaneous ignition of combustible solids 6.5 Surface ignition by flame impingement 6.6 Extinction of flame Problems7 Spread of flame 7.1 Flame spread over liquids 7.2 Flame spread over solids 7.3 Flame spread modelling 7.4 Spread of flame through open fuel beds 7.5 Applications Problems8 Spontaneous ignition within solids and smouldering combustion 8.1 Spontaneous ignition in bulk solids 8.2 Smouldering combustion 8.3 Glowing Combustion Problems9 The pre-flashover compartment fire 9.1 The growth period and the definition of flashover 9.2 Growth to lashover Problems10 The post-flashover compartment fire 10.1 Regimes of burning 10.2 Fully-developed fire behaviour 10.3 Temperatures achieved in fully-developed fires 10.4 Fire resistance and fire severity 10.5 Methods of calculating fire resistance 10.6 Projection of flames from burning compartments 10.7 Spread of fire from a compartment Problems11 Smoke: Its Formation, Composition and Movement 11.1 Formation and measurement of smoke 11.2 Smoke movement 11.3 Smoke control systemsReferencesAnswers to ProblemsAuthor IndexSubject Index.

The book presents a comprehensive overview of the theory of the technological processes of lead-acid battery manufacture and their influence on battery performance parameters. It summarizes the current knowledge about the technology of lead-acid battery production and presents it in the form of an integral theory. This theory is supported by ample illustrative material and experimental data, thus allowing technologists and engineers to control the technological processes in battery plants and providing university lecturers with a toll for clear and in-depth presentation of the technology of lead-acid battery production in their courses. The relationship between the technological processes and the performance characteristics of the batteries is disclosed too.

• Disclosure of the structures of the lead and lead dioxide active masses, ensuring reversibility of the processes during charge and discharge and thus long cycle life of the battery
• Proposal of optimum conditions for individual technological processes which would yield appropriate structures of the lead and lead dioxide active masses
• Disclosure of the influence of H2SO4 concentration on battery performance parameters
• Discussion of the processes involved in the closed oxygen cycle in VRLAB and the thermal phenomena leading to thermal runaway (TRA)
• Elucidation of the relationship between technology of battery manufacture and battery capacity and cycle life performance

Lead-Acid Batteries: Science and Technology presents a comprehensive overview of the theory of the technological processes of lead-acid battery manufacture and their influence on battery performance parameters. It summarizes the current knowledge about the technology of lead-acid battery production and presents it in the form of an integral theory. This theory is supported by ample illustrative material and experimental data, thus allowing technologists and engineers to control the technological processes in battery plants and providing university lecturers with a toll for clear and in-depth presentation of the technology of lead-acid battery production in their courses. The relationship between the technological processes and the performance characteristics of the batteries is disclosed too. Disclosure of the structures of the lead and lead dioxide active masses, ensuring reversibility of the processes during charge and discharge and thus long cycle life of the battery Proposal of optimum conditions for individual technological processes which would yield appropriate structures of the lead and lead dioxide active masses Disclosure of the influence of H2SO4 concentration on battery performance parameters Discussion of the processes involved in the closed oxygen cycle in VRLAB and the thermal phenomena leading to thermal runaway (TRA) Elucidation of the relationship between technology of battery manufacture and battery capacity and cycle life performance The book presents a comprehensive overview of the theory of the technological processes of lead-acid battery manufacture and their influence on battery performance parameters. It summarizes the current knowledge about the technology of the technology of lead-acid battery production and presents it in the form of an integral theory. This theory is supported by ample illustrative material and experimental data, thus allowing technologists and engineers to control the technological processes in battery plants, and providing university lectures with a toll for clear and in-depth presentation of the technology of lead-acid battery production in their courses. The relationship between the technological processes and the performance characteristics of the batteries is disclosed too. Disclusure of the structures of the lead and lead dioxide active masses, ensuring reversibility of the processes during charge and discharge and thus long cycle life of the battery Proposal of optimum conditions for individual technological processes which would yield appropriate structures of the lead and lead dioxide active masses Disclosure of the influence of H2SO4 concentration on battery performance parameters Discussion of the processes involved in the closed oxygen cycle in VRLAB and the thermal phenomena leading to thermal runaway (TRA) Elucidation of the relationship between technology of battery manufacture and battery capacity and cycle life performance. 'Drysdale's book is by far the most comprehensive - everyone in the office has a copy...now including me. It holds just about everything you need to know about fire science.'(Review of An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 2nd Edition) After 25 years as a bestseller, Dougal Drysdale's classic introduction has been brought up-to-date and expanded to incorporate the latest research and experimental data. Essential reading for all involved in the field from undergraduate and postgraduate students to practising fire safety engineers and fire prevention officers, An Introduction to Fire Dynamics is unique in that it addresses the fundamentals of fire science and fire dynamics, thus providing the scientific background necessary for the development of fire safety engineering as a professional discipline. An Introduction to Fire Dynamics Includes experimental data relevant to the understanding of fire behaviour of materials; Features numerical problems with answers illustrating the quantitative applications of the concepts presented; Extensively course-tested at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and the University of Edinburgh, and widely adopted throughout the world; Will appeal to all those working in fire safety engineering and related disciplines. "A new edition of the leading introduction to the science of fire phenomena, complete with the latest research, data and additional problemsThis book is unique in that it identifies fire science and fire dynamics and provides the scientific background necessary to the development of fire safety engineering as a professional discipline. It is essential reading for all involved in the field from fire safety engineering students to fire prevention officers. After 21 years as a bestseller, Dougal Drysdale's classic introduction has been brought up-to-date with the latest data and research in a third edition. Features numerical problems with answers illustrating the quantitative applications of the concepts presented. Includes quantitative experimental data regarding material properties. Successfully course-tested at Massachusetts' Worcester Polytechnic Institute and the University of Edinburgh, and widely adopted throughout the world. Of relevance to those working in building design, fire physics and chemistry. "-- "This book is unique in that it identifies fire science and fire dynamics and provides the scientific background necessary to the development of fire safety engineering as a professional discipline"-- "A new edition of the leading introduction to the science of fire phenomena, complete with the latest research, data and additional problemsThis book is unique in that it identifies fire science and fire dynamics and provides the scientific background necessary to the development of fire safety engineering as a professional discipline. It is essential reading for all involved in the field from fire safety engineering students to fire prevention officers. After 21 years as a bestseller, Dougal Drysdale's classic introduction has been brought up-to-date with the latest data and research in a third edition. Features numerical problems with answers illustrating the quantitative applications of the concepts presented. Includes quantitative experimental data regarding material properties. Successfully course-tested at Massachusetts' Worcester Polytechnic Institute and the University of Edinburgh, and widely adopted throughout the world. Of relevance to those working in building design, fire physics and chemistry."-- Provided by publisher "Drysdale's book is by far the most comprehensive - everyone in the office has a copy...now including me. It holds just about everything you need to know about fire science." (Review of An Introduction to Fire Dynamics, 2 nd Edition ) After 25 years as a bestseller, Dougal Drysdale's classic introduction has been brought up-to-date and expanded to incorporate the latest research and experimental data. Essential reading for all involved in the field from undergraduate and postgraduate students to practising fire safety engineers and fire prevention officers, An Introduction to Fire Dynamics is unique in that it addresses the fundamentals of fire science and fire dynamics, thus providing the scientific background necessary for the development of fire safety engineering as a professional discipline. An Introduction to Fire Dynamics This book is unique in that it identifies fire science and fire dynamics and provides the scientific background necessary for the development of fire safety engineering as a professional discipline. It is essential reading for all those involved in this wide ranging field, from Fire Prevention Officers to Consulting Engineers, whether involved in problems of fire risk assessment, fire safety design, or fire investigation. It will also be of considerable interest and value to research scientists working in building design, fire physics and chemistry.