Laying Down the Law: The American Legal Revolutions in Occupied Germany and Japan The American Legal Revolutions in Occupied Germany and Japan

At The Close Of The Second World War, It Became The Policy Of The United States To Cause The Permanent Demilitarization Of Nazi Germany And Imperial Japan By Their Compulsory Democratization During A Period Of Military Occupation. For American Leaders, The Indispensable Precondition Of The Democratic Political Order Was The Rule Of Law. This Book, Then, Tells The Story Of How American Agencies Designed And Implemented The Two Greatest Law Reform Projects In The History Of The World. It Is A Comparative Study Of American Action And German And Japanese Reaction To Directed Legal And Political Change. The Book Explores The Capacities And Incapacities Of Mid-20th Century Americans In Remaking Foreign Legal And Political Ideas And Institutions. It Investigates How And Why American Agencies Helped Construct And Then, In The First Phase Of The Cold War, Undermine Liberal Legal Revolutions In Germany And Japan.-- Introduction: Laying Down The Law In Occupied Germany And Japan -- 'the Destruction Of Philosophies': Planning The Legal Reconstruction Of Germany And Japan -- Occupying The Legal Other: The Subjugation Of The German And Japanese Legal Systems -- Captive Constitutions: Remaking Constitutional Law In Occupied Germany And Japan -- Crafting Liberal Courts: Reconstituting The German And Japanese Judiciaries -- Clearing The Spiritual Rubble: Reforming Criminal Justice In Occupied Germany And Japan -- Twilight Of The Gods: The Rise And Fall Of Civil Liberties In Occupied Germany And Japan -- Conclusion: Laying Down The Law: Americans As Legal Revolutionaries. R.w. Kostal. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Winner of the John Phillip Reed Book Award, American Society for Legal History A legal historian opens a window on the monumental postwar effort to remake fascist Germany and Japan into liberal rule-of-law nations, shedding new light on the limits of America's ability to impose democracy on defeated countries. Following victory in WWII, American leaders devised an extraordinarily bold policy for the occupations of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan: to achieve their permanent demilitarization by compelled democratization. A quintessentially American feature of this policy was the replacement of fascist legal orders with liberal rule-of-law regimes. In his comparative investigation of these epic reform projects, noted legal historian R. W. Kostal shows that Americans found it easier to initiate the reconstruction of foreign legal orders than to complete the process. While American agencies made significant inroads in the elimination of fascist public law in Germany and Japan, they were markedly less successful in generating allegiance to liberal legal ideas and institutions. Drawing on rich archival sources, Kostal probes how legal-reconstructive successes were impeded by German and Japanese resistance on one side, and by the glaring deficiencies of American theory, planning, and administration on the other. Kostal argues that the manifest failings of America's own rule-of-law democracy weakened US credibility and resolve in bringing liberal democracy to occupied Germany and Japan. In Laying Down the Law , Kostal tells a dramatic story of the United States as an ambiguous force for moral authority in the Cold War international system, making a major contribution to American and global history of the rule of law. At the close of the Second World War, it became the policy of the United States to cause the permanent demilitarization of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan by their compulsory democratization during a period of military occupation. For American leaders, the indispensable precondition of the democratic political order was the rule of law. This book, then, tells the story of how American agencies designed and implemented the two greatest law reform projects in the history of the world. It is a comparative study of American action and German and Japanese reaction to directed legal and political change. The book explores the capacities and incapacities of mid-20th century Americans in remaking foreign legal and political ideas and institutions. It investigates how and why American agencies helped construct and then, in the first phase of the Cold War, undermine liberal legal revolutions in Germany and Japan.-- Provided by publisher

After WWII, U.S. leaders sought to create liberal rule-of-law regimes in Germany and Japan, but the effort was often unsuccessful. Kostal argues that the manifest failings of America's own rule-of-law democracy were partially to blame, weakening U.S. credibility and resolve and revealing the country's ambiguous status as a global moral authority.