Laser spectroscopy : proceedings of the XVI international conference, Palm Cove, Queensland, Australia, 13-18, July 2003

This volume comprises a collection of invited and selected contributions presented at the 16th International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy in Palm Cove, Queensland, Australia, 13-18 July 2003. The papers report the latest and most exciting developments in laser spectroscopy and related areas: new ultra-precise spectroscopic measurements based on optical frequency combs including tests of the stability of the fundamental constants; the first realization of Bose-Einstein condensation in cesium and ytterbium; the behavior of ultra-cold bosons and fermions in optical lattices; the production of ultra-cold cesium, helium and fermionic lithium molecules; the production and coherent transport of ultra-cold atoms in microtraps on the surface of chips; the implementation of one- and two-qubit quantum algorithms and experiments towards a scalable quantum computer based on trapped ions; and new medical applications of laser spectroscopy.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings® (ISTP® / ISI Proceedings)• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences Contents......Page 10 Precision Spectroscopy......Page 18 1. Introduction......Page 20 2. Optical Frequency Measurements......Page 22 3. New Frequency Measurement of Hydrogen 1S-2S......Page 27 References......Page 29 1. Introduction......Page 31 2. Calcium Optical Frequency Standard......Page 32 2.1. Doppler Problems......Page 33 2.2. Quenched Narrow-Line Cooling......Page 34 3. Optical Frequency Combs and Comparisons of Atomic Standards......Page 36 References......Page 38 1. Introduction......Page 39 2. Engineered Light Shift Trap......Page 40 3.1. Spectroscopy of Bound Atoms......Page 42 3.2. Determination of Degenerate Wavelength......Page 44 Acknowledgments......Page 45 References......Page 46 2. Indirect measurement......Page 47 References......Page 49 1. Single-Stage Sub-Doppler Cooling of 87Sr......Page 51 2. Magnetic Trapping of Metastable 88Sr......Page 52 References......Page 53 2. Calcium Optical Clock......Page 54 References......Page 56 1. Introduction......Page 57 2. Optical-Excitation Scheme......Page 58 3. Experimental Setup......Page 59 4. Spectroscopy of the Reference Transition......Page 60 5. Absolute Transition Frequency and Systematic Frequency Shifts......Page 62 6. Comparison of Two Traps......Page 63 References......Page 64 1. Introduction......Page 66 2. Quasar Absorption Spectra......Page 67 3. Laboratory Comparison of Atomic Clocks......Page 68 References......Page 73 Testing the Stability of Fundamental Constants using Atomic Fountains S. Bize, M. Abgrall, H. Marion, F. Pereira Dos Santos, I. Maksimovic, S. Zhang, Y. Sortais, C. Vian, J. Griinert, L. Cacciapuoti, C, Mandache, Ph. Laurent, P. Lemonde, P. Rosenbusch, G. Santarelli, A. Clairon and C. Salomon......Page 75 References......Page 79 Extending the Optical Comb Synthesizer to the Infrared: From He at 1.083 |J,m to CO2 at 4.2 (Am P. De Natale, S. Borri, P. Cancio, G. Guisfredi, D. Mazzotti, M. Prevedelli, C. de Mauro and M. Inguscio......Page 80 References......Page 84 2. Co-Propagating Configuration: Estimation of the Signal to Noise Ratio......Page 85 3. Counter-Propagating Configuration : Inertial Force Signals......Page 86 References......Page 87 New Optical Tests of Special Relativity H. MiMer, S. Herrmann, C. Braxmaier, A. Peters and S. Schiller......Page 88 References......Page 90 Ultrafast Spectroscopy......Page 92 1. Introduction......Page 94 2. I2 Hyperfine Interactions, Optical Frequency Standards and Clocks......Page 96 3. Femtosecond Lasers and External Optical Cavities......Page 99 References......Page 101 1. Introduction......Page 102 2. Experimental Scheme......Page 104 3.1. Automated Pulse Compression......Page 105 3.2. Gas-Phase Control......Page 106 3.3. Liquid-Phase Control......Page 107 3.4. Polarization Control......Page 108 Acknowledgments......Page 110 References......Page 111 Spectrally Resolved Femtosecond 2-Colour 3-Pulse Photon Echoes for Studies of Molecular Dynamics L.V. Dao, C.N. Lincoln, R.M. Lowe and P. Hannaford......Page 113 References......Page 116 Quantum Degenerate Gases......Page 118 1. Introduction......Page 120 2. Attainment of cesium BEC......Page 121 3. A non-interacting BEG......Page 123 4. Creation of a molecular quantum gas......Page 124 References......Page 126 1. Introduction......Page 128 2. Experiment......Page 129 References......Page 132 1. Introduction: BEG Beyond the Ideal Case......Page 133 3. Production and Observation of an Elongated BEC in an Iron-Core Electromagnet......Page 134 4. Measurement of the Spatial Coherence Function by Bragg Spectroscopy......Page 135 5. Axial Bragg Spectrum of an Elongated Condensate......Page 136 6. Results. Comparison with Theory......Page 138 Conclusion......Page 139 References......Page 140 Experimental Study of a Bose Gas in One Dimension W.D. Phillips, M. Anderlini, J.H. Huckans, B. Laburthe Tolra, KM. O'Hara, J.V. Porto and S.L. Ralston......Page 141 References......Page 144 1. Introduction......Page 146 2. Expansion of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in the Lattice......Page 147 3. Dipolar Oscillations of a Fermi Gas in the Lattice......Page 150 4. Role of Collisions in the Transport of Bosons and Fermions......Page 152 References......Page 153 1. Introduction......Page 154 2. Universal Interactions......Page 155 3. Universal Hydrodynamics......Page 157 4. Experiment......Page 159 5. Conclusions......Page 160 References......Page 161 1. Introduction......Page 162 2. Atomic Quantum Dots Coupled to BEC Reservoirs......Page 163 3. Defect Suppressed Atomic Crystals......Page 165 References......Page 168 1 Introduction......Page 170 2 Spinless Bosons in an Optical Lattice......Page 171 4 Fermions in a Superlattice......Page 173 4-2 Weak Coupling Limit......Page 175 5 Conclusions......Page 176 References......Page 177 1. Introduction......Page 178 1.2. Quantum Computers: Too Small, Too Costly?......Page 179 2. Phase-Space Representations......Page 180 2.1. Method in Outline......Page 181 3. Master Equation......Page 182 4. Grand Canonical Ensembles......Page 183 5. Quantum Dynamics......Page 184 6. Strategies and Future Developments......Page 186 References......Page 187 2. Quantized Vortices......Page 188 3. Mechanisms of Vortex Formation......Page 189 4. Vortex Growth Equation......Page 190 5. Influence of Noise and Fluctuations—Primordial Vortices......Page 191 References......Page 193 A Storage Ring for Bose-Einstein Condensates C.S. Garvie, E. Riis and A.S. Arnold......Page 195 References......Page 197 Bragg Spectroscopy of an Accelerating Bose-Einstein Condensate K.J. Challis, R.W. Geursen, R.J. Ballagh and A.C. Wilson......Page 198 References......Page 200 1. Dispersion Management......Page 201 2. Atomic Gap Solitons......Page 202 References......Page 203 All-Optical Realization of an Atom Laser Based on Field-Insensitive Bose-Einstein Condensates G. Cennini, G. Ritt, C. Geckeler and M. Weitz......Page 204 References......Page 207 Dynamical Effects of Back-Coupling on an Atom Laser N.P. Robins, J.E. Lye, C.S. Fletcher, S.A. Haine, J. Dugue, C. Breme, J.J. Hope and J.D. Close......Page 208 References......Page 210 Cold Molecules and Cold Collisions......Page 212 1. Introduction......Page 214 3. Hamiltonian of the 2S — 2P Molecule......Page 216 4. Calculation of Molecular Potentials Using the Mapped Fourier Grid Method......Page 218 5. Results......Page 219 6. Conclusion......Page 220 References......Page 221 Production of Long-Lived Ultra-Cold Li2 Molecules from a Fermi Gas J. Cubizolles, T. Bourdel, S.J.J.M.F. Kokkelmans, C. Salomon and G. Shlyapnikov......Page 222 References......Page 227 1. Introduction......Page 229 2. What is Meant by Resonant Interactions......Page 230 3. Time-Dependent Fields; Dynamic Cooper Pairing......Page 233 4. Resonance Superfluidity in Fermion Gases......Page 234 References......Page 236 Atom Optics and Interferometry......Page 238 1. Introduction......Page 240 2. Preparation of Cold Atoms......Page 241 3. Fragmentation......Page 242 4. Thermal Fluctuations......Page 245 5. Conclusions......Page 246 References......Page 247 1. Introduction......Page 248 2. Experiment......Page 249 3. Discussion......Page 251 References......Page 252 Atom Optics with Microtraps and Atom Chips: Assembling Tools for Quantum Information Processing L. Feenstra, K. Brugger, R. Folman, S. Groth, A. Kasper, P. Krtiger, X. Luo, S. Schneider, S. Wildermuth andJ. Schmiedmayer......Page 254 References......Page 258 1. Introduction......Page 259 2. Anomalous Magnetic Field......Page 260 3. Dynamics of Condensates in Waveguides......Page 262 4. On-chip Laboratory for Bose-Einstein Condensation......Page 263 References......Page 264 Integrated Atom Optics......Page 265 Quantum Information Processing......Page 267 References......Page 269 A Controllable Diffraction Grating for Matter Waves H. Oberst, S. Kasashima, F. Shimizu and V. I. Balykin......Page 270 References......Page 272 Cavity QED......Page 274 1. Introduction......Page 276 2. Trapping and Cooling in an Intracavity FORT......Page 278 3. New Theoretical Protocols......Page 279 5. Quantum Information Processing with Atomic Ensembles......Page 280 References......Page 281 1. Atom Interacting with a Field in a Cavity: from Vacuum to Classical Fields via the Mesoscopic Regime......Page 282 2. Coupling a Single Atom with a Mesoscopic Coherent Field......Page 283 3. The Setup and the Experimental Procedure......Page 285 4. Splitting the Phase of a Mesoscopic Field with a Single Atom......Page 286 5. Atom-Field Entanglement and Schrodinger Cat States of the Field......Page 288 References......Page 289 Vacuum-Field Mechanical Action on a Single Ion J. Eschner, P. Bushev, A. Wilson, F. Schmidt-Kaler, C. Becher, C. Raab and R. Blatt......Page 290 References......Page 293 1. Optical Spectroscopy: from Thin Cell of Dilute Vapour to Nanocell......Page 294 2. Observing Atom-Surface Van Der Waals Interaction at Small Distances......Page 295 3. Dielectric Nanocavities and Resonant Coupling......Page 297 4. Atom Interaction with a Thermally Excited Surface......Page 299 5. Conclusion......Page 300 References......Page 301 Quantum Optics and Quantum Information......Page 302 1. Introduction......Page 304 2. Experimental Setup......Page 305 3. Cirac &: Zoller Gate Operation......Page 306 4. Tomography of Entangled States......Page 308 5. Conclusion......Page 310 References......Page 311 1.1. Original Cirac/Zoller Architecture......Page 312 1.2. Multiplexed Trap Architecture......Page 313 2.2. Moving Ions......Page 316 2.4. Sympathetic Recooling......Page 317 2.5. Robust One and Two-qubit Gates......Page 318 References......Page 320 2. Preparation of Neutral Atom Qubits......Page 321 3. Quantum State Transport......Page 322 References......Page 323 1. Introduction......Page 324 2. Operational Definition of Bipartite Entanglement......Page 325 3. Physical Constraints as Generalized SSRs......Page 326 5. Example: Particle Number SSR......Page 327 6. Example: Ensemble QIP......Page 329 7. Discussion......Page 330 References......Page 331 1. Introduction......Page 332 2. Production of Continuous Variable Entanglement......Page 333 3.2. Noise Distribution Diagrams......Page 334 3.3. The Photon Number Diagram......Page 335 References......Page 339 1. Introduction......Page 341 2. Quadrature Squeezing......Page 342 3. Teleportation of Coherent Light......Page 345 4. Entanglement and Nonclassicality......Page 348 Acknowledgments......Page 349 References......Page 350 Surpassing the Standard Quantum Limit for High Sensitivity Measurements in Optical Images Using Multimode Non Classical Light C. Fabre, S. Gigan, A. Maitre, M. Martinelli, N. Treps, U. Andersen, P.K. Lam, W. Bowen, B. Buckler, N. Grosse and H.-A. Bachor......Page 351 References......Page 358 Novel Applications and New Laser Sources......Page 360 1 Introduction: Single-atom Versus Collective Light Forces......Page 362 2 Self-organization and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking......Page 363 3 Collective Cooling of the Sample's Center-of-Mass Motion......Page 365 4 Collective force Magnitude and Threshold for Self-Organization......Page 366 References......Page 369 1. Introduction......Page 370 2. Experiment and MOT lonization......Page 371 3. Pauli Blockade......Page 373 4. Additional Condensate Losses......Page 376 References......Page 377 Superluminal and Ultra-Slow Light Propagation in Room-Temperature Solids R.W. Boyd, M.S. Bigelow andN.N. Lepeshkin......Page 379 References......Page 381 Abraham's Force on a Highly Dispersive Medium P.D. Lett and L.J. Wang......Page 382 References......Page 384 Optically Pumped VECSELs for High Resolution Spectroscopy: The New Ti:Sapphire? R.A. Abram, M. Schmid, E. Riis and A.I. Ferguson......Page 386 References:......Page 389 Medical Applications......Page 390 1. Introduction......Page 392 2. Light Scattering Spectroscopy......Page 393 3.1 Reflection QPI......Page 396 3.2 QPI with a Common Path Interferometer......Page 397 References......Page 399 1. Introduction......Page 400 2. The Optically-Pumped Magnetometer (OPM)......Page 401 3. Experimental Setup......Page 403 4. Results......Page 404 References......Page 407 Author Index......Page 408 Papers from a July 2003 conference reflect recent research in laser spectroscopy related to ultra-precise spectroscopic measurements on atoms and molecules, the production of cold anti-hydrogen, and the behavior of ultra-cold bosons and fermions in optical lattices. Material is organized in sections on precision spectroscopy, ultrafast spectroscopy, quantum degenerate gases, cold molecules and cold collision, atom optics and interferometry, cavity QED, quantum optics and quantum information, novel applications and new laser sources, and medical applications. There is no subject index. Annotation : 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)