Language Standardization and Language Change: The Dynamics of Cape Dutch (Impact: Studies in Language and Society, IMPACT 19)

Language Standardization And Language Change Describes The Formation Of An Early Standard Norm At The Cape Around 1900. The Processes Of Variant Reduction And Sociolinguistic Focusing Which Accompanied The Early Standardization History Of Afrikaans (or ‘cape Dutch’ As It Was Then Called) Are Analysed Within The Broad Methodological Framework Of Corpus Linguistics And Variation Analysis. Multivariate Statistical Techniques (cluster Analysis, Multidimensional Scaling And Pca) Are Used To Model The Emergence Of Linguistic Uniformity In The Cape Dutch Speech Community. The Book Also Examines Language Contact And Creolization In The Early Settlement, The Role Of Afrikaner Nationalism In Shaping Language Attitudes And Linguistic Practices, And The Influence Of English. As A Case Study In Historical Sociolinguistics The Book Calls Into Question The Traditional View Of The Emergence Of An Afrikaans Standard Norm, And Advocates A Strongly Sociolinguistic, Speaker-orientated Approach To Language History In General, And Standardization Studies In Particular. Editorial page......Page 3 Title page......Page 4 LCC page......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 Epigraph......Page 7 Table of contents......Page 8 List of figures......Page 12 List of tables......Page 16 Acknowledgements......Page 20 Introduction......Page 22 Linguistic focusing: From variation continua to language standards......Page 23 Codification and functional diversification: From language standards to standard languages......Page 27 Afrikaans historical sociolinguistics......Page 29 Outline of the book......Page 31 Notes......Page 32 History......Page 34 Historical corpora and their interpretation......Page 36 Language contact and language change at the Cape: Sociohistorical and linguistic evidence......Page 42 Mechanisms and outcomes of language change......Page 59 The insights of the acrolect......Page 61 Summary: Setting the stage......Page 62 Notes......Page 63 The rise of dialect writing......Page 66 Afrikaner nationalism and early vernacular standardization......Page 75 Folk taxonomies and language attitudes......Page 80 A diglossic community?......Page 84 The linguistic marketplace and its entrepreneurs......Page 92 Summary: The language question at the Cape......Page 94 Notes......Page 95 The Cape Dutch speech community: Core and periphery......Page 98 Literacy and writing practices......Page 104 The Corpus of Cape Dutch Correspondence......Page 108 Age......Page 111 Gender......Page 112 Ethnicity......Page 113 Social class......Page 116 Summary: An acrolectal and mesolectal corpus......Page 121 Notes......Page 123 Variation analysis......Page 124 Statistics and variation studies: More than a numbers game......Page 126 Numerical taxonomy......Page 128 Hierarchical cluster analysis5......Page 131 Example (Labov 1969)......Page 136 Multidimensional scaling......Page 141 Example (Labov 1969)......Page 143 Principal components analysis (PCA)12......Page 144 Example (Labov 1969)......Page 148 Focusing, diffusion and fixity: A statistical perspective......Page 151 Notes......Page 153 Variation analysis: Some caveats......Page 156 The verbal system......Page 158 The apocope of [t] - An example of morphophonemic variation......Page 167 Apocope of -e(n)......Page 173 Past tense variation......Page 177 Tense and aspect adverbials......Page 181 Nominal gender agreement......Page 186 The attributive adjective inflection......Page 190 Summary: Morphosyntactic standardization as a process of rule extension......Page 196 Notes......Page 198 Personal pronouns......Page 200 Third person singular subject/object pronouns......Page 202 First person plural subject pronoun (ons)......Page 204 Third person plural subject/object pronouns (hulle)......Page 206 Attributive possessive pronouns......Page 208 Summary of pronoun use in the corpus......Page 209 The relativizer......Page 210 The demonstrative pronouns hierdie and daardie......Page 214 The negation......Page 217 The infinitive clause......Page 225 Objective vir......Page 228 The periphrastic possessive......Page 232 Summary: Comparing distribution patterns......Page 236 Notes......Page 239 Identifying lects in the data......Page 242 Morphosyntactic variation......Page 251 Morpholexical variation......Page 255 Summary of results of the multivariate analysis......Page 256 Examining the social dimensions......Page 257 Linguistic patterns in the dialect writing tradition......Page 261 Standardization and diglossia revisited......Page 264 Afrikaans-Dutch code-mixing/switching......Page 270 Summary......Page 278 Notes......Page 279 Establishing the norm......Page 280 British colonial rule: 1806-1910......Page 282 English-Dutch/Afrikaans code-mixing/switching......Page 284 Anglicisms......Page 291 Language conflict and language purism: Moenie jou languages mix nie......Page 293 Notes......Page 298 Networks, modernization and nationalism......Page 300 Reconstructing historical social networks......Page 303 Ties of coalition and cooperation: The Afrikaner nationalists......Page 309 The rise of Afrikaans: Daar buite in die bloue lug ......Page 313 Summary......Page 316 Notes......Page 317 Epilogue......Page 318 Hypothesis II: Against diglossia......Page 319 Hypothesis III: Shaping the linguistic market......Page 321 Hypothesis IV: The role of the 'middle classes' and the standard as a social symbol......Page 322 Hypothesis V: Language standards as 'focused' clusters of idiolects......Page 323 Note......Page 325 Appendix......Page 326 Official publications......Page 336 Index......Page 376 The series IMPACT: STUDIES IN LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY......Page 383 Ana Deumert. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [314]-353) And Index.