زبان، ذهن و قدرت: چرا به برابری زبانی نیاز داریم

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of contents Figures Tables Permission Acknowledgments Introduction A World without Words? Language and Linguistic Equality Language, Mind, and Power Language as a Natural Resource Depletion and Preservation References Part I Language and Mind 1 Profile of an Alpha(bet) Predator Entropy and Cooperation DNA and Philosophy: Unambiguous Information? Interpreting Single-Signal Communication Systems: Cooperation and Co-option The Cognitive Arms Race: Combinatorial Communication Systems Creative Cooperation and Violence: Human Language In a Class by Itself: A Hierarchical Combinatorial System The Neural Architecture of Universal Grammar Language between Brains References 2 Thinking Animals Rich Concepts Brain States and Reflexes Concepts of Objects and Events More Complex Capacities Remembering and Analyzing Comparing and Synthesizing Imagining and Planning Social Cognition Conventionalizing and Imitating Joint Attention and Theory of Mind Collective Intentionality References 3 The Narrating Brain Cognitive Control through Language Language-imposed Telic Apperception: Schemata and Scripts The Predictive Power of Narrative Computing Setting the Parameters of Narrative Computing: Framing Narrative Cooperative Computing: Story Time References Part II Language and Power 4 Doing Things with Words Speech Acts Distinction 1: Types of Speech Acts Distinction 2: Types of Linguistic Purpose Distinction 3: Performing Illocutions Directly or Indirectly The Three Distinctions in Action Conversational Implicature Sentence Meaning vs. Speaker Meaning Conventional vs. Conversational Implicature Contemporary Pragmatics References 5 The Language of Cooperation Three Levels of Linguistic Processing and Cooperation Level 1: Negotiating Syntactic Structures and Functions Level 2: Literal Interpretation: Negotiated Sentence Meaning Level 3: Extended Interpretation: Negotiated Implicatures 3.1 Linguistically Negotiated Identity 3.2 Linguistically Negotiated Politeness: Saving Face Coming Together: Harnessing the Cooperative Nature of Language References 6 The Language of Violence Genocide and Politicide Ten Stages of Genocide Dispositions Content and Context of Genocidal Language Sexual Assault Linguistic Dispositions, Content, and Context Silencing References 7 Clarity from Managed Confusion Cooperation towards Understanding The Need for Managed Confusion Linguistic Information Management Strategies Keeping Track of Proforms Ordering Constituents Information Management: Chaining Given and New Clarity as Alignment with Audience Needs: The Example of Definitions Masters of Managed Confusion: Famous Authors Language, Logic, Predictability, and Event Model ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway ‘The International Eisteddfod’ by Dylan Thomas Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie Oh Say Can You Say by Dr. Seuss A Collaborative Dance, but the Author Leads References Conclusion Standards and Shibboleths Illiteracy and Aliteracy Contaminated Language Uncooperative Language Why We Need Linguistic Equality References Index