Landscapes, Documents And Maps: Village Plans in Northern England And Beyond, AD 900-1250

Dedication; Copyright Page; Title Page; Table of Contents; Table of Figures; List of Tables; Abbreviations; Preface; CHAPTER ONE -- The Nature of Rural Settlement; Questions of Terminology; Patterns and Forms-Some Definitions; Of Space and Place; Place and Shape-Village Plan Elements; National Contexts: Rural Settlement and Woodlands; Settlement and Woodland in Northern England; CHAPTER TWO -- Of Patterns and Forms-Settlement in Northern England; The North Yorkshire Moors-a Case Study; The Components of Settlement Patterns; Distribution Maps: Comparing and Contrasting.;The last half century has seen many studies of the origin of the English village. As a cross-disciplinary enquiry this book integrates materials from geography, history, economic history, archaeology, place-name studies, anthropology and even church architecture. These provide varied foundations, but the underlying subject matter always engages with landscape studies. Beginning with a rigorous examination of evidence hidden within the surviving village and hamlet plans seen on eighteenth and nineteenth century maps, the first half of the book shows how these can be classified, mapped, analysed. Dedication Copyright Page Title Page Table of Contents Table of Figures List of Tables Abbreviations Preface CHAPTER ONE -- The Nature of Rural Settlement Questions of Terminology Patterns and Forms-Some Definitions Of Space and Place Place and Shape-Village Plan Elements National Contexts: Rural Settlement and Woodlands Settlement and Woodland in Northern England CHAPTER TWO -- Of Patterns and Forms-Settlement in Northern England The North Yorkshire Moors-a Case Study The Components of Settlement Patterns Distribution Maps: Comparing and Contrasting. Village Plan Elements and Processes of ChangeSettlement Sites CHAPTER THREE -- Settlement Plans-Regular Forms Simple Row Plans The Regulated Village CHAPTER FOUR -- Settlement Plans-Variations and Complexities Cumbrian Villages and Hamlets Yorkshire-Three Cases Settlement Plans and Feudal Structures-Coxwoldshire, Yorkshire Composite Row Plans and Towns CHAPTER FIVE -- Interpreting the Morphological Record Dating Village Plans Historical Cartography Archaeological Evidence Antecedents and Antecedent Forms Documents-Kirk Merrington and Middlestone. Morphology and Plan Elements-Wheldrake, YorkshireGraphical Analysis Analytical Cartography Review of Questions CHAPTER SIX -- Estates and Small Shires-the Articulation of Local Settlement The Organisation of Space Early Land Grants in County Durham Evidence and Questions The Substance of the Small Shire Rents and Renders Associated with Small Shires The Nature of Aucklandshire Aucklandshire Core Villages: Plan Morphology CHAPTER SEVEN -- Village Plantation-Problems and Questions Devastation and Medieval Settlement Of Drengs and Village Plans. Drengs, Split Drengages, Firmars and MolmenConclusions CHAPTER EIGHT -- Of Drengs and Plans Settlement Sequences and Settlement Cycles Settlement and Tenure: The Core Vills of Small Shires and Estates The Peripheral Vills of the Bishopric Estates Settlement Cycles in Durham Conclusions in Durham Beyond County Durham Concluding Remarks CHAPTER NINE -- Planned Villages in Europe and England An Overview of European Settlement Antecedents and Roots A 'Romanesque Society'? The English Dimension CHAPTER TEN -- Planned Villages in England-a National Perspective Of Royal Demesne. The Genesis of VillagesHamlet, Village and Burh Vikings in the North of England Appendices APPENDIX II -- The Structural Arrangement of Settlements in Boldon Book-Settlement Groupings. APPENDIX III Historic County Boundaries Bibliography INDEXES INDEX OF PERSONS GENERAL INDEX. The last half century has seen many studies of the origin of the English village. As a cross-disciplinary enquiry this book integrates materials from geography, history, economic history, archaeology, place-name studies, anthropology and even church architecture. These provide varied foundations, but the underlying subject matter always engages with landscape studies. Beginning with a rigorous examination of evidence hidden within the surviving village and hamlet plans seen on eighteenth and nineteenth century maps, the first half of the book shows how these can be classified, mapped, analysed and then interpreted as important parts of former medieval landscapes. Many specific case-studies are built into the argument, all being drawn from the author's lifetime work on northern England, and accessible language is employed. From this base, the argument develops, with the objective of integrating landscape studies with the descriptive and analytical practices of history, and drawing these together by using the cartographic methods of historical geography. This foundation leads gently into deeper waters; to the landed estates in which all settlements developed and the farming and social systems of which they were a part; to the land holding arrangements that were integrated into the physical plans, providing methods of sharing out the agricultural resources of arable, meadow, woodland and common grazings; and finally to the social divisions present within a changing society. A wholly new theme is found in the argument that certain types of land tenure were associated with a class of officer, land agent or dreng , who in northern England was often linked with the provision of tenants for new villages. It is clear from the evidence amassed that the deliberate founding of new villages and the establishment of new plans on older sites was taking place in the centuries between about AD 900 and 1250. Finally, the study moves beyond the North of England to review the European roots of planned villages and hamlets, and concludes with a challenging hypothesis about their origin in the whole of England. This provides pointers towards future enquiry. "Landscapes, Documents and Maps integrates evidence from geography, history, economic history, archaeology, place-name studies, anthropology and even church architecture. Nevertheless, the underlying subject matter always engages with landscape studies. The objective is to combine these with the descriptive and analytical practices of history, and to draw both together using the cartographic methods of historical geography." "These enquiries lead to an investigation of the landed estates in which all settlements developed and their farming and social systems, the land holding arrangements integrated into the physical plans, the arrangements to share out the agricultural resources and common grazings, and finally the social divisions present within a changing society. It is clear from the evidence amassed that the deliberate founding of new villages and the establishment of new plans on older sites was taking place in Northern England in the centuries between about AD 900 and 1250." "Finally, the European roots of planned settlements are reviewed, to conclude with a hypothesis about the origins of villages in the whole of England. This offers challenges about our view of the 'old country' of Anglo-Saxon England."--Jacket.