Labyrinths

Cover Table of Contents Preface Part 1 - Materials of Music Prelude 1 - The Enjoyment of Music Listening to Music Chapter 1 - Melody - Musical Line The Structure of Melody Chapter 2 - Rhythm and Meter - Musical Time Metrical Patterns Rhythmic Complexities Chapter 3 - Harmony - Musical Depth The Organization of Harmony Consonance and Dissonance Chapter 4 - The Organization of Musical Sounds The Chromatic Scale The Major Scale The Minor Scale Diatonic vs. Chromatic The Major-Minor System Chapter 5: Musical Texture Types of Texture Contrapuntal Devices Chapter 6: Musical Form Structure and Design in Music The Building Blocks of Form Chapter 7: Musical Expression: Tempo and Dynamics The Pace of Music Loudness and Softness Tempo and Dynamics as Elements of Expression Chapter 8: Text and Music Chapter 9: Voices and Instrument Families Musical Timbre The Voice as Instrument The World of Musical Instruments Chapter 10: Western Musical Instruments String Instruments Woodwind Instruments Brass Instruments Percussion Instruments Keyboard Instruments Chapter 11: Musical Ensembles Choral Groups Chamber Ensembles The Orchestra Wind, Jazz, and Rock Bands The Role of the Conductor The Orchestra in Action Listening Guide 1 Chapter 12: Style and Function of Music in Society The Concept of Style Chapter 13: Many Voices: Creating and Recreating Musical Canons Chapter 14: Putting Music into Words Finding Your Voice and Framing Your Ideas Part 2: The Middle Ages and Renaissance Prelude 2: Music as Commodity and Social Activity From Antiquity to the Middle of Things Markets and Courts Looking Out and Looking In Musicians in Medieval and Renaissance Society Chapter 15: Voice and Worship: Tradition and Individuality in Medieval Chant Plainchant: Music of the Church The Mass Life and Music in the Medieval Monastery Many Voices: Islamic Chant Listening Guide 2 Chapter 16: Layering Lines: Early Polyphony of the Notre Dame School Early Polyphony Listening Guide 3 Chapter 17: Storytelling through Song: Troubadours and Medieval Court Culture Medieval Minstrels and Court Musicians Listening Guide 4 Chapter 18: Symbols and Puzzles: Machaut and the Medieval Mind Machaut and the French Ars nova Listening Guide 5 Chapter 19: Singing Friendship: The Renaissance Madrigal Social Music-Making in the Renaissance The Madrigal: Linking Music and Poetry Monteverdi and Vocal Rhetoric Listening Guide 6 The Madrigal in England Listening Guide 7 Many Voices: Madrigals for Modern Ears Chapter 20: Remember Me: Personalizing the Motet in the Renaissance Renaissance Sacred Music Listening Guide 8 Chapter 21: Glory Be: Music for the Renaissance Mass The Renaissance Mass The Reformation and Counter-Reformation Listening Guide 9 Chapter 22: Instrumental Movements: Medieval and Renaissance Dance Music Music in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Listening Guide 10 Music in Words: Reviewing Medieval and Renaissance Styles Part 3: The Baroque Era Prelude 3: Music as Exploration and Drama Main Currents in Baroque Music “Baroque” Art and Culture Chapter 23: Voicing Gender: Women Composers in Baroque Italy A Nun’s Life in Baroque Italy Listening Guide 11 Barbara Strozzi and the Baroque Aria Listening Guide 12 Chapter 24: Performing Grief: Purcell and Early Opera The Components of Opera Early Opera in Italy Opera in England Listening Guide 13 Many Voices: Sounds Obstinate Chapter 25: Musical Sermons: Bach and the Lutheran Cantata The Lutheran Chorale and Cantata Bach and the Lutheran Cantata Listening Guide 14 Chapter 26: Textures of Worship: Handel and the English Oratorio The Oratorio Listening Guide 15 Chapter 27: Independent Study: Billings and the North American Sacred Tradition From “Lining Out” to Singing Schools Listening Guide 16 Many Voices: Blending Worship Traditions in Colonial Latin America Chapter 28: Grace and Grandeur: The Baroque Dance Suite Baroque Instruments The Baroque Suite Listening Guide 17 Chapter 29: Sounding Spring: Vivaldi and the Baroque Concerto The Baroque Concerto Many Voices: Maestre Violinists of Venice Listening Guide 18 Chapter 30: Process as Meaning: Bach and the Fugue Keyboard Instruments in the Baroque Era The Fugue and Its Devices Bach’s Keyboard Fugues Listening Guide 19 Music in Words: Reviewing Baroque Style Part 4: Eighteenth-Century Classicism Prelude 4: Music as Order and Logic Classicism and Enlightenment Culture Classicism in Music The Patronage System Chapter 31: Musical Conversations: Haydn and Classical Chamber Music Expanding Musical Ideas Classical Forms Listening Guide 20 Chapter 32: The Ultimate Instrument: Haydn and the Symphony The Classical Orchestra and Symphony Listening Guide 21 Chapter 33: Expanding the Conversation: Mozart, Chamber Music, and Larger Forms Mozart’s Eine kleine Nachtmusik Listening Guide 22 Many Voices: North Indian Classical Music Chapter 34: Conversation with a Leader: The Classical Concerto Movements of the Classical Concerto Mozart and the Piano Concerto Listening Guide 23 Many Voices: Masters—and Non-Masters Chapter 35: Personalizing the Conversation: Beethoven and the Classical Sonata The Sonata in the Classical Era Listening Guide 24 Chapter 36: Disrupting the Conversation: Beethoven and the Symphony in Transition Beethoven’s Symphonies Listening Guide 25 Chapter 37: Making It Real: Mozart and Classical Opera Classical Opera Listening Guide 26 Chapter 38: Mourning a Hero: Mozart and the Requiem Sacred Music in the Classical Era Listening Guide 27 Music in Words: Reviewing Eighteenth-Century Classical Style Part 5: The Nineteenth Century Prelude 5: Music as Passion and Individualism An Age of Revolutions Romanticism in Music Chapter 39: Musical Reading: Schubert, Schumann, and the Early Romantic Lied The Lied Schubert and the Lied Listening Guide 28 Schumann and the Song Cycle Listening Guide 29 Many Voices: Folk Song, Popular Song, Art Song Chapter 40: Marketing Music: Foster and Early “Popular” Song Stephen Foster, Parlor Song, and Minstrelsy Listening Guide 30 Chapter 41: Fire and Fury at the Keyboard: Chopin and Romantic Piano Music The Nineteenth-Century pianos The Short Lyric Piano Piece Listening Guide 31 Chapter 42: Musical Diaries: Hensel and Programmatic Piano Music Women and Music in Nineteenth-Century Society Listening Guide 32 Chapter 43: Personal Soundtracks: Berlioz and the Program Symphony Romantic Program Music Listening Guide 33 Chapter 44: Sounding Literature: Orchestral Program Music by Mendelssohn and Grieg Varieties of Orchestral Program Music Listening Guide 34 Musical Nationalism A Scandinavian Nationalist: Edvard Grieg Listening Guide 35 Chapter 45: Absolutely Classic: Brahms and the Nineteenth-Century Symphony Absolute Music in the Romantic Era Listening Guide 36 Chapter 46: Multimedia Hits: Verdi and Italian Romantic Opera Women and Nineteenth-Century Opera Verdi and Italian Opera Listening Guide 37 Chapter 47: Total Art: Wagner and German Romantic Opera Wagner and German Musical Theater Listening Guide 38 Chapter 48: Embracing Death: Brahms and the Requiem Romantic Choral Music Listening Guide 39 Chapter 49: Poetry in Motion: Tchaikovsky and the Ballet The Ballet Tchaikovsky and The Nutcracker Listening Guide 40 Chapter 50: Exotic Allure: Puccini and the Italian Verismo Tradition Post-Romanticism Puccini and Verismo Opera Listening Guide 41 Many Voices: Chinese Opera Chapter 51: Mythical Impressions: Program Music at the End of the Nineteenth Century Symbolism and Impressionism in Paris Translating Impressions into Sound Listening Guide 42 Chapter 52: Nationalism Crosses the Ocean: Dvořák and Late Romanticism in the USA Music in a Nation of Immigrants Listening Guide 43 Chapter 53: Jubilees and Jubilation: The African American Spiritual Tradition Spirituals and the Jubilee Tradition Spirituals and the Art-Song Tradition Listening Guide 44 Chapter 54: A Good Beat: American Vernacular Music at the Close of an Era John Philip Sousa and the Band Tradition Scott Joplin and Ragtime Listening Guide 45 Music in Words: Reviewing Romantic Style Part 6: Twentieth-Century Modernism Prelude 6: Making Music Modern Features of Early Musical Modernism Chapter 55: Anything Goes: Schoenberg and Musical Expressionism The Emancipation of Dissonance Schoenberg and Atonality Listening Guide 46 Chapter 56: Calculated Shock: Stravinsky and Modernist Multimedia The Rite of Spring: Collaborative Multimedia Listening Guide 47 Chapter 57: Still Sacred: Religious Music in the Twentieth Century Post-Impressionism, Lili Boulanger, and the Prix de Rome Listening Guide 48 Chapter 58: War Is Hell: Berg and Expressionist Opera The Second Viennese School and the Twelve-Tone Method Alban Berg and Wozzeck Listening Guide 49 Chapter 59: American Intersections: Jazz and Blues Traditions Roots of Jazz and Blues The Jazz Singer Billie Holiday Listening Guide 50 Duke Ellington and the Swing Era Bebop, Cool, Latin Jazz Listening Guide 51 Chapter 60: Modern America: Still and Musical Modernism in the United States The Harlem Renaissance Listening Guide 52 Chapter 61: Jazz Gets Classical: Gershwin’s Modern Experiment From Song Plugging to the Concert Hall Rhapsody in Blue: Tunes Collaboratively Developed Listening Guide 53 Chapter 62: Sounds American: Ives, Copland, and Musical Nationalism Ives and New England Modernism Listening Guide 54 Copland and the American Orchestral Soundscape Listening Guide 55 Many Voices: Forgetting and Rediscovering J. S. Bach and Florence Price Chapter 63: Also American: Revueltas and Mexican Musical Modernism Musical Traditions of Mexico Silvestre Revueltas: “Mestizo Realist” Listening Guide 56 Many Voices: Musical Traditions in Mexico Chapter 64: Classic Rethinking: Bartók and the Neo-Classical Turn Neo-Classicism Modernist Nationalism Bartók and the Eastern European Tradition Listening Guide 57 Music in Words: Reviewing Modernist Style Part 7: Postmodernism: The Mid-Twentieth Century and Beyond Prelude 7: Beyond Modernism? Music in a Postmodern World Many Voices: Music Technology Chapter 65: New Sound Palettes: Mid-Twentieth-Century American Experimentalists Early Experiments The Music of John Cage Listening Guide 58 George Crumb and Avant-Garde Virtuosity Listening Guide 59 Many Voices: Javanese Gamelan Chapter 66: Staged Sentiment: Bernstein and American Musical Theater Musical Theater in North America Leonard Bernstein and West Side Story Listening Guide 60 Chapter 67: Less Is More: Reich and Minimalist Music From Twelve-Tone to Process and Phase Listening Guide 61 Many Voices: East African Drumming Chapter 68: Rolling Beethoven Over: Roots and Reworkings of Rock The Many Voices of Rock Rolling Past Berry Chapter 69: Returning with Interest: Bowie, Glass, and Postmodern Elaboration David Bowie, Creative Chameleon Heroes: from Album to “Symphonic Ballet” Listening Guide 62 Chapter 70: Neo-Romantic Evocations: Higdon and Program Music into the Twenty-First Century A New Romanticism? Listening Guide 63 Chapter 71: Underscoring Meaning: Music for Film Sound and Film John Williams: Star Wars and Beyond Listening Guide 64 Many Voices: Soundtracks of Play Tan Dun: Blending East and West Listening Guide 65 Chapter 72: Icons in Sound: Tavener and Postmodern Orthodoxy Spiritual Minimalism Tavener and Greek Orthodoxy Listening Guide 66 Chapter 73: Reality Shows: Adams and Contemporary Opera John Adams and Post-Minimalism Listening Guide 67 Chapter 74: Syncretism and Universalism: León and the Intersection of Traditions Tania León’s Inura Listening Guide 68 Music in Words: Reviewing Postmodern styles Postlude: New Voices New Voices: Omar Thomas New Voices: Bora Yoon Appendix I: Musical Notation Appendix II: Glossary Appendix III: Reporting on the Concert Experience Credits Index Maps Cover Table of Contents Preface Part 1 - Materials of Music Prelude 1 - The Enjoyment of Music Listening to Music Chapter 1 - Melody - Musical Line The Structure of Melody Chapter 2 - Rhythm and Meter - Musical Time Metrical Patterns Rhythmic Complexities Chapter 3 - Harmony - Musical Depth The Organization of Harmony Consonance and Dissonance Chapter 4 - The Organization of Musical Sounds The Chromatic Scale The Major Scale The Minor Scale Diatonic vs. Chromatic The Major-Minor System Chapter 5: Musical Texture Types of Texture Contrapuntal Devices Chapter 6: Musical Form Structure and Design in Music The Building Blocks of Form Chapter 7: Musical Expression: Tempo and Dynamics The Pace of Music Loudness and Softness Tempo and Dynamics as Elements of Expression Chapter 8: Text and Music Chapter 9: Voices and Instrument Families Musical Timbre The Voice as Instrument The World of Musical Instruments Chapter 10: Western Musical Instruments String Instruments Woodwind Instruments Brass Instruments Percussion Instruments Keyboard Instruments Chapter 11: Musical Ensembles Choral Groups Chamber Ensembles The Orchestra Wind, Jazz, and Rock Bands The Role of the Conductor The Orchestra in Action Listening Guide 1 Chapter 12: Style and Function of Music in Society The Concept of Style Chapter 13: Many Voices: Creating and Recreating Musical Canons Chapter 14: Putting Music into Words Finding Your Voice and Framing Your Ideas Part 2: The Middle Ages and Renaissance Prelude 2: Music as Commodity and Social Activity From Antiquity to the Middle of Things Markets and Courts Looking Out and Looking In Musicians in Medieval and Renaissance Society Chapter 15: Voice and Worship: Tradition and Individuality in Medieval Chant Plainchant: Music of the Church The Mass Life and Music in the Medieval Monastery Many Voices: Islamic Chant Listening Guide 2 Chapter 16: Layering Lines: Early Polyphony of the Notre Dame School Early Polyphony Listening Guide 3 Chapter 17: Storytelling through Song: Troubadours and Medieval Court Culture Medieval Minstrels and Court Musicians Listening Guide 4 Chapter 18: Symbols and Puzzles: Machaut and the Medieval Mind Machaut and the French Ars nova Listening Guide 5 Chapter 19: Singing Friendship: The Renaissance Madrigal Social Music-Making in the Renaissance The Madrigal: Linking Music and Poetry Monteverdi and Vocal Rhetoric Listening Guide 6 The Madrigal in England Listening Guide 7 Many Voices: Madrigals for Modern Ears Chapter 20: Remember Me: Personalizing the Motet in the Renaissance Renaissance Sacred Music Listening Guide 8 Chapter 21: Glory Be: Music for the Renaissance Mass The Renaissance Mass The Reformation and Counter-Reformation Listening Guide 9 Chapter 22: Instrumental Movements: Medieval and Renaissance Dance Music Music in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Listening Guide 10 Music in Words: Reviewing Medieval and Renaissance Styles Part 3: The Baroque Era Prelude 3: Music as Exploration and Drama Main Currents in Baroque Music “Baroque” Art and Culture Chapter 23: Voicing Gender: Women Composers in Baroque Italy A Nun’s Life in Baroque Italy Listening Guide 11 Barbara Strozzi and the Baroque Aria Listening Guide 12 Chapter 24: Performing Grief: Purcell and Early Opera The Components of Opera Early Opera in Italy Opera in England Listening Guide 13 Many Voices: Sounds Obstinate Chapter 25: Musical Sermons: Bach and the Lutheran Cantata The Lutheran Chorale and Cantata Bach and the Lutheran Cantata Listening Guide 14 Chapter 26: Textures of Worship: Handel and the English Oratorio The Oratorio Listening Guide 15 Chapter 27: Independent Study: Billings and the North American Sacred Tradition From “Lining Out” to Singing Schools Listening Guide 16 Many Voices: Blending Worship Traditions in Colonial Latin America Chapter 28: Grace and Grandeur: The Baroque Dance Suite Baroque Instruments The Baroque Suite Listening Guide 17 Chapter 29: Sounding Spring: Vivaldi and the Baroque Concerto The Baroque Concerto Many Voices: Maestre Violinists of Venice Listening Guide 18 Chapter 30: Process as Meaning: Bach and the Fugue Keyboard Instruments in the Baroque Era The Fugue and Its Devices Bach’s Keyboard Fugues Listening Guide 19 Music in Words: Reviewing Baroque Style Part 4: Eighteenth-Century Classicism Prelude 4: Music as Order and Logic Classicism and Enlightenment Culture Classicism in Music The Patronage System Chapter 31: Musical Conversations: Haydn and Classical Chamber Music Expanding Musical Ideas Classical Forms Listening Guide 20 Chapter 32: The Ultimate Instrument: Haydn and the Symphony The Classical Orchestra and Symphony Listening Guide 21 Chapter 33: Expanding the Conversation: Mozart, Chamber Music, and Larger Forms Mozart’s Eine kleine Nachtmusik Listening Guide 22 Many Voices: North Indian Classical Music Chapter 34: Conversation with a Leader: The Classical Concerto Movements of the Classical Concerto Mozart and the Piano Concerto Listening Guide 23 Many Voices: Masters—and Non-Masters Chapter 35: Personalizing the Conversation: Beethoven and the Classical Sonata The Sonata in the Classical Era Listening Guide 24 Chapter 36: Disrupting the Conversation: Beethoven and the Symphony in Transition Beethoven’s Symphonies Listening Guide 25 Chapter 37: Making It Real: Mozart and Classical Opera Classical Opera Listening Guide 26 Chapter 38: Mourning a Hero: Mozart and the Requiem Sacred Music in the Classical Era Listening Guide 27 Music in Words: Reviewing Eighteenth-Century Classical Style Part 5: The Nineteenth Century Prelude 5: Music as Passion and Individualism An Age of Revolutions Romanticism in Music Chapter 39: Musical Reading: Schubert, Schumann, and the Early Romantic Lied The Lied Schubert and the Lied Listening Guide 28 Schumann and the Song Cycle Listening Guide 29 Many Voices: Folk Song, Popular Song, Art Song Chapter 40: Marketing Music: Foster and Early “Popular” Song Stephen Foster, Parlor Song, and Minstrelsy Listening Guide 30 Chapter 41: Fire and Fury at the Keyboard: Chopin and Romantic Piano Music The Nineteenth-Century pianos The Short Lyric Piano Piece Listening Guide 31 Chapter 42: Musical Diaries: Hensel and Programmatic Piano Music Women and Music in Nineteenth-Century Society Listening Guide 32 Chapter 43: Personal Soundtracks: Berlioz and the Program Symphony Romantic Program Music Listening Guide 33 Chapter 44: Sounding Literature: Orchestral Program Music by Mendelssohn and Grieg Varieties of Orchestral Program Music Listening Guide 34 Musical Nationalism A Scandinavian Nationalist: Edvard Grieg Listening Guide 35 Chapter 45: Absolutely Classic: Brahms and the Nineteenth-Century Symphony Absolute Music in the Romantic Era Listening Guide 36 Chapter 46: Multimedia Hits: Verdi and Italian Romantic Opera Women and Nineteenth-Century Opera Verdi and Italian Opera Listening Guide 37 Chapter 47: Total Art: Wagner and German Romantic Opera Wagner and German Musical Theater Listening Guide 38 Chapter 48: Embracing Death: Brahms and the Requiem Romantic Choral Music Listening Guide 39 Chapter 49: Poetry in Motion: Tchaikovsky and the Ballet The Ballet Tchaikovsky and The Nutcracker Listening Guide 40 Chapter 50: Exotic Allure: Puccini and the Italian Verismo Tradition Post-Romanticism Puccini and Verismo Opera Listening Guide 41 Many Voices: Chinese Opera Chapter 51: Mythical Impressions: Program Music at the End of the Nineteenth Century Symbolism and Impressionism in Paris Translating Impressions into Sound Listening Guide 42 Chapter 52: Nationalism Crosses the Ocean: Dvořák and Late Romanticism in the USA Music in a Nation of Immigrants Listening Guide 43 Chapter 53: Jubilees and Jubilation: The African American Spiritual Tradition Spirituals and the Jubilee Tradition Spirituals and the Art-Song Tradition Listening Guide 44 Chapter 54: A Good Beat: American Vernacular Music at the Close of an Era John Philip Sousa and the Band Tradition Scott Joplin and Ragtime Listening Guide 45 Music in Words: Reviewing Romantic Style Part 6: Twentieth-Century Modernism Prelude 6: Making Music Modern Features of Early Musical Modernism Chapter 55: Anything Goes: Schoenberg and Musical Expressionism The Emancipation of Dissonance Schoenberg and Atonality Listening Guide 46 Chapter 56: Calculated Shock: Stravinsky and Modernist Multimedia The Rite of Spring: Collaborative Multimedia Listening Guide 47 Chapter 57: Still Sacred: Religious Music in the Twentieth Century Post-Impressionism, Lili Boulanger, and the Prix de Rome Listening Guide 48 Chapter 58: War Is Hell: Berg and Expressionist Opera The Second Viennese School and the Twelve-Tone Method Alban Berg and Wozzeck Listening Guide 49 Chapter 59: American Intersections: Jazz and Blues Traditions Roots of Jazz and Blues The Jazz Singer Billie Holiday Listening Guide 50 Duke Ellington and the Swing Era Bebop, Cool, Latin Jazz Listening Guide 51 Chapter 60: Modern America: Still and Musical Modernism in the United States The Harlem Renaissance Listening Guide 52 Chapter 61: Jazz Gets Classical: Gershwin’s Modern Experiment From Song Plugging to the Concert Hall Rhapsody in Blue: Tunes Collaboratively Developed Listening Guide 53 Chapter 62: Sounds American: Ives, Copland, and Musical Nationalism Ives and New England Modernism Listening Guide 54 Copland and the American Orchestral Soundscape Listening Guide 55 Many Voices: Forgetting and Rediscovering J. S. Bach and Florence Price Chapter 63: Also American: Revueltas and Mexican Musical Modernism Musical Traditions of Mexico Silvestre Revueltas: “Mestizo Realist” Listening Guide 56 Many Voices: Musical Traditions in Mexico Chapter 64: Classic Rethinking: Bartók and the Neo-Classical Turn Neo-Classicism Modernist Nationalism Bartók and the Eastern European Tradition Listening Guide 57 Music in Words: Reviewing Modernist Style Part 7: Postmodernism: The Mid-Twentieth Century and Beyond Prelude 7: Beyond Modernism? Music in a Postmodern World Many Voices: Music Technology Chapter 65: New Sound Palettes: Mid-Twentieth-Century American Experimentalists Early Experiments The Music of John Cage Listening Guide 58 George Crumb and Avant-Garde Virtuosity Listening Guide 59 Many Voices: Javanese Gamelan Chapter 66: Staged Sentiment: Bernstein and American Musical Theater Musical Theater in North America Leonard Bernstein and West Side Story Listening Guide 60 Chapter 67: Less Is More: Reich and Minimalist Music From Twelve-Tone to Process and Phase Listening Guide 61 Many Voices: East African Drumming Chapter 68: Rolling Beethoven Over: Roots and Reworkings of Rock The Many Voices of Rock Rolling Past Berry Chapter 69: Returning with Interest: Bowie, Glass, and Postmodern Elaboration David Bowie, Creative Chameleon Heroes: from Album to “Symphonic Ballet” Listening Guide 62 Chapter 70: Neo-Romantic Evocations: Higdon and Program Music into the Twenty-First Century A New Romanticism? Listening Guide 63 Chapter 71: Underscoring Meaning: Music for Film Sound and Film John Williams: Star Wars and Beyond Listening Guide 64 Many Voices: Soundtracks of Play Tan Dun: Blending East and West Listening Guide 65 Chapter 72: Icons in Sound: Tavener and Postmodern Orthodoxy Spiritual Minimalism Tavener and Greek Orthodoxy Listening Guide 66 Chapter 73: Reality Shows: Adams and Contemporary Opera John Adams and Post-Minimalism Listening Guide 67 Chapter 74: Syncretism and Universalism: León and the Intersection of Traditions Tania León’s Inura Listening Guide 68 Music in Words: Reviewing Postmodern styles Postlude: New Voices New Voices: Omar Thomas New Voices: Bora Yoon Appendix I: Musical Notation Appendix II: Glossary Appendix III: Reporting on the Concert Experience Credits Index Maps "For more than 60 years, this text has led the way in preparing student for a lifetime of listening to great music and understanding its cultural and historical context. The Fourteenth Edition builds on this foundation with new coverage of performance and musical style. New tools help students share their deepening listening skills and appreciation in writing and conversation"-- Provided by publisher.