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Cover Title Page Copyright and Credits Foreword Contributors Table of Contents Preface Part 1: Cluster Architecture, Installation, and Configuration Chapter 1: Kubernetes Overview CKA exam overview What to expect in your CKA exam CKA exam tips and tricks Cluster architecture and components Kubernetes core concepts Containerized workloads Container images Container registry Container runtimes Kubernetes basic workflow Kubernetes plugin model Kubernetes API primitives Sharing a cluster with namespaces Kubernetes in-market distribution and ecosystems Upstream vanilla Kubernetes Managed Kubernetes Kubernetes ecosystems Summary Chapter 2: Installing and Configuring Kubernetes Clusters Technical requirements Hands-on Kubernetes tooling Core tools Deployment tools Other tools Installing and configuring a Kubernetes cluster Prerequisites for installing a Kubernetes cluster Using minikube to set up a single node Kubernetes cluster Using kubeadm to install a basic Kubernetes cluster Setting up a highly available cluster with kubeadm Summary Mock CKA scenario-based practice test Scenario 1: Scenario 2: Scenario 3 (optional): FAQs Chapter 3: Maintaining Kubernetes Clusters Demystifying Kubernetes cluster maintenance Upgrading a Kubernetes cluster using kubeadm Upgrading the master node Upgrading the worker node Working with etcd Exploring the ETCD cluster pod Listing etcd cluster members Checking the etcd cluster status Installing etcd Backing up etcd Restoring etcd Summary Mock CKA scenario-based practice test Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 FAQs Part 2: Managing Kubernetes Chapter 4: Application Scheduling and Lifecycle Management Technical requirements The basics of Kubernetes workloads Imperative management versus declarative management Understanding pods Deploying and managing applications Deploying applications Performing rolling updates and rollbacks Rolling updates with kubectl Rollback Scaling applications ReplicaSets Workload scheduling Understanding namespaces Labels, node selectors, and annotations Node affinity and anti-affinity Taints and tolerations Resource management Configuring applications Manifest management with kustomize Common package management and templating with Helm Summary Mock CKA scenario-based practice test Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5 FAQs Chapter 5: Demystifying Kubernetes Storage Technical requirements Stateful versus stateless workloads Kubernetes volumes Ephemeral storage Persistent storage Cracking stateful applications in Kubernetes Configuring an application with mounted storage Configuring an application with persistent storage Summary Mock CKA scenario-based practice test Scenario 1 Scenario 2 FAQs Chapter 6: Securing Kubernetes Technical requirements Securing Kubernetes in layers Kubernetes authentication and authorization Service accounts versus user accounts Kubernetes service accounts Organizing the cluster access using kubeconfig Configuring access to multiple clusters Kubernetes authorization Kubernetes RBAC Managing the security of Kubernetes applications Summary Mock CKA scenario-based practice test Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 FAQs Chapter 7: Demystifying Kubernetes Networking Technical requirements Understanding the Kubernetes networking model Container-to-container communication Pod-to-pod communication Pod-to-service and external-to-service communications Node-to-node communication Choosing an appropriate Container Network Interface plugin CNI networking in Kubernetes Decision metrics Configuring Ingress controllers and Ingress resources How Ingress and an Ingress controller works Using multiple Ingress controllers Work with Ingress resources Ingress annotations and rewrite-target Configuring and leveraging CoreDNS Check whether the CoreDNS server is up and running Pod IPs and DNS hostnames Service IPs and DNS hostnames Summary Mock CKA scenario-based practice test Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5 Scenario 6 FAQs Part 3: Troubleshooting Chapter 8: Monitoring and Logging Kubernetes Clusters and Applications Technical requirements Monitoring on a cluster node Checking whether Metrics Server is installed Installing Metrics Server in your current Kubernetes cluster Checking out CPU/memory metrics Monitoring applications on a Kubernetes cluster Monitoring the resource usage of an application Checking application details Monitoring cluster events Managing logs at the cluster node and Pod levels Cluster-level logging Checking out the node details Checking the node status Managing container stdout and stderr logs Summary Mock CKA scenario-based practice test Scenario 1 FAQs Chapter 9: Troubleshooting Cluster Components and Applications Technical requirements General practices in Kubernetes troubleshooting Troubleshooting cluster components Inspecting the cluster Inspecting the node Troubleshooting applications Getting a high-level view Inspecting namespace events Troubleshooting failing pods Troubleshooting init containers Summary FAQs Chapter 10: Troubleshooting Security and Networking Technical requirements Troubleshooting RBAC failures Initiating a minikube cluster Managing a minikube cluster Troubleshooting networking Troubleshooting a Kubernetes DNS server Troubleshooting a service in Kubernetes Get a shell for troubleshooting Summary FAQs Appendix - Mock CKA scenario-based practice test resolutions Chapter 2 – Installing and Configuring Kubernetes Clusters Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 (optional) Chapter 3 – Maintaining Kubernetes Clusters Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Chapter 4 – Application scheduling and lifecycle management Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5 Chapter 5 – Demystifying Kubernetes Storage Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Chapter 6 – Securing Kubernetes Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Chapter 7 – Demystifying Kubernetes networking Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5 Scenario 6 Chapter 8 – Monitoring and logging Kubernetes Clusters and Applications Scenario 1 Index Other Books You May Enjoy Develop a deep understanding of Kubernetes and the cloud native ecosystem, and pass the CKA exam with confidence with this end-to-end study guide Key Features Get to grips with the core concepts of Kubernetes API primitives Deploy, configure, manage, and troubleshoot Kubernetes clusters Cement your credibility in the job market by becoming a Certified Kubernetes Administrator Book Description Kubernetes is the most popular container orchestration tool in the industry. The Kubernetes Administrator certification will help you establish your credibility and enable you to efficiently support the business growth of individual organizations with the help of this open source platform. The book begins by introducing you to Kubernetes architecture and the core concepts of Kubernetes. You'll then get to grips with the main Kubernetes API primitives, before diving into cluster installation, configuration, and management. Moving ahead, you'll explore different approaches while maintaining the Kubernetes cluster, perform upgrades for the Kubernetes cluster, as well as backup and restore etcd. As you advance, you'll deploy and manage workloads on Kubernetes and work with storage for Kubernetes stateful workloads with the help of practical scenarios. You'll also delve into managing the security of Kubernetes applications and understand how different components in Kubernetes communicate with each other and with other applications. The concluding chapters will show you how to troubleshoot cluster- and application-level logging and monitoring, cluster components, and applications in Kubernetes. By the end of this Kubernetes book, you'll be fully prepared to pass the CKA exam and gain practical knowledge that can be applied in your day-to-day work. What you will learn Understand the fundamentals of Kubernetes and its tools Get hands-on experience in installing and configuring Kubernetes clusters Manage Kubernetes clusters and deployed workloads with ease Get up and running with Kubernetes networking and storage Manage the security of applications deployed on Kubernetes Find out how to monitor, log, and troubleshoot Kubernetes clusters and apps among others Who this book is for This book is for application developers, DevOps engineers, data engineers, and cloud architects who want to pass the CKA exam and certify their Kubernetes Administrator skills in the market. Basic knowledge of Kubernetes is recommended to get the most out of this book. Table of Contents Kubernetes Overview Installing and configuring Kubernetes Clusters Maintaining Kubernetes clusters Application scheduling and lifecycle management Demystifying Kubernetes Storage Securing Kubernetes Demystifying Kubernetes networking Monitoring and logging Kubernetes Clusters and Applications Troubleshooting cluster components and applications Troubleshooting security and networking Develop a deep understanding of Kubernetes and the cloud native ecosystem, and pass the CKA exam with confidence with this end-to-end study guide * Get to grips with the core concepts of Kubernetes API primitives * Deploy, configure, manage, and troubleshoot Kubernetes clusters * Cement your credibility in the job market by becoming a Certified Kubernetes Administrator Kubernetes is the most popular container orchestration tool in the industry. The Kubernetes Administrator certification will help you establish your credibility and enable you to efficiently support the business growth of individual organizations with the help of this open source platform. By the end of this Kubernetes book, you'll be fully prepared to pass the CKA exam and gain practical knowledge that can be applied in your day-to-day work. * Understand the fundamentals of Kubernetes and its tools * Get hands-on experience in installing and configuring Kubernetes clusters * Manage Kubernetes clusters and deployed workloads with ease * Get up and running with Kubernetes networking and storage * Manage the security of applications deployed on Kubernetes * Find out how to monitor, log, and troubleshoot Kubernetes clusters and apps among others This book is for application developers, DevOps engineers, data engineers, and cloud architects who want to pass the CKA exam and certify their Kubernetes Administrator skills in the market. Basic knowledge of Kubernetes is recommended to get the most out of this book. 1. Kubernetes Overview 2. Installing and configuring Kubernetes Clusters 3. Maintaining Kubernetes clusters 4. Application scheduling and lifecycle management 5. Demystifying Kubernetes Storage 6. Securing Kubernetes 7. Demystifying Kubernetes networking 8. Monitoring and logging Kubernetes Clusters and Applications 9. Troubleshooting cluster components and applications 10. Troubleshooting security and networking