Kuwait Amid War, Peace and Revolution: 1979-1991 and New Challenges (St Antony's Series)

Kuwait amid War, Peace and Revolution explores Kuwaiti internal security challenges including terrorism, sabotage and subversion, and examines policy responses such as mass deportations and special security trials using untapped Kuwaiti government sources. The study details how turmoil in neighbouring states like Iraq and Iran, and deep ethnic and religious tensions inside Kuwait, shape Kuwait's threat environment. The study probes the period of the Iranian revolution, Iran-Iraq war and Iraqi invasion, and applies lessons learned to new challenges in Kuwait, including Islamic extremism. Worldwide Terrorist Attacks Planned Or Inspired By Former Saudi Citizen Usama Bin Ladin And The Daily Carnage Of The Iraq War Have Propelled The Persian Gulf Region To The Forefront Of International Politics. Security Conditions Inside Gulf States, Efforts By Local Governments To Combat Threats, And The Spill Over Effects Of The War Now Represent Major Issues Of Global Concern. Kuwait Amid War, Peace And Revolution Provides Illuminating Context To These Issues By Examining Internal Security Challenges Including Terrorism, Sabotage And Subversion, And Policy Responses Such As Mass Deportations And Special Security Trials, In The Gulf State Of Kuwait. Probing The Period Of The Iranian Revolution, Iran-iraq War And Iraqi Invasion, Lori Plotkin Boghardt Details How Turmoil In States Neighbouring Kuwait Such As Iraq And Iran, And Deep Ethnic And Religious Tensions Inside Kuwait Itself, Shape The Country's Threat Environment. Lessons From This Period Are Applied To Current Security Challenges In Kuwait, Including Islamic Extremism. The Study Is Based On Previously Untapped Kuwaiti Sources. Cover -- Contents -- List Of Figures, Tables And Graphs -- Acknowledgments -- Note On Transliteration -- Introduction -- Kuwaiti Internal Security Dynamics -- Researching Internal Security In Kuwait -- 1 History And Government Of Internal Security In Kuwait -- The Impact Of Oil -- Development Of The State Security Apparatus -- Contemporary Internal Security Organs -- Summary -- 2 The Immediate Impact Of Neighboring Revolution And War, February 1979-january 1981 -- The Shiite-ization Of The Revolutionary Challenge -- The Revolution And Kuwaiti Shia -- The Revolution, Iranian Expats And Other Foreign Residents -- Attacks Against Iranian Interests -- The Bombing Of Al-rai Al-amm -- Restoring The National Assembly -- Summary -- 3 New Political Forums And Ongoing Regional Tremors, February 1981-november 1983 -- The New Assembly And Other Domestic Forums -- The Gulf Cooperation Council -- Return Of Spring Surprises -- Battlefield Reverberations --^ Palestinian Attacks And The Palestinian Community -- New Trends Regarding Expatriates -- Summary -- 4 Major Terror Attacks And National Transformation, December 1983-january 1986 -- Immediate Responses To The December 1983 Bombings -- Political Convictions Behind Pursuing And Purging Shia -- Pursuing And Purging Shia -- Limitations On Foreign Population Size -- Limitations On Foreign Population Character -- Physical Barriers -- Strict Measures -- The 1984 Hijacking And Assassination Attempt On Amir Jabir -- The Cafe Bombings And New Strategies -- Proliferation Of State Security Trials -- Decline Of The Appeal Of Religious Fundamentalism And The 1985 Assembly -- Summary -- 5 Criticism And Extremism From Kuwaiti Citizens, February 1986-august 1988 -- The Internationalization Of The War -- Restricting Venues For Domestic Dissent -- The June 1986 Attacks, Public Opinion And Terrorism Trials -- The Citizen-bomber Development -- Explaining Citizen-bombers --^ Responding To Citizen Extremism -- De-emphasis On The Threat From Foreign Residents -- Summary -- 6 Old And New Antagonisms After The Ceasefire, September 1988-july 1990 -- Post-war Subversion -- The Post-war Politics Of Foreign Residents -- The Parliamentary Movement -- The National Council Plan -- Summary -- 7 Loyalty, Opposition And The Iraqi Invasion, August 1990-august 1991 -- Military And Security Personnel -- Civilian Resisters And Other Kuwaiti Insiders -- The Parliamentary Movement Revisited -- Expatriate Collaboration -- Population Reinvention -- Summary -- 8 Period Trends And New Challenges -- Key Findings -- New And Looming Challenges -- Appendix A: Number Of Administrative Deportations Per Month According To Nationality, 1978-89 -- Appendix B: Number Of First-time Residence Permits Issued Per Year, 1978-89 -- Appendix C: Kuwaiti Daily Newspapers And Their Orientations Circa 1986 -- Notes And References -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H --^ I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- U -- W -- Last Page. Lori Plotkin Boghardt. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 188-228) And Index. Cover......Page 1 Contents......Page 8 List of Figures, Tables and Graphs......Page 11 Acknowledgments......Page 13 Note on Transliteration......Page 14 Introduction......Page 16 Kuwaiti internal security dynamics......Page 18 Researching internal security in Kuwait......Page 27 The impact of oil......Page 32 Development of the state security apparatus......Page 35 Contemporary internal security organs......Page 40 Summary......Page 42 2 The Immediate Impact of Neighboring Revolution and War, February 1979–January 1981......Page 43 The "Shiite-ization" of the revolutionary challenge......Page 44 The revolution and Kuwaiti Shia......Page 46 The revolution, Iranian expats and other foreign residents......Page 50 Attacks against Iranian interests......Page 54 The bombing of al-Rai al-Amm......Page 57 Restoring the National Assembly......Page 59 Summary......Page 62 3 New Political Forums and Ongoing Regional Tremors, February 1981–November 1983......Page 64 The new Assembly and other domestic forums......Page 65 The Gulf Cooperation Council......Page 67 Return of "spring surprises"......Page 69 Battlefield reverberations......Page 72 Palestinian attacks and the Palestinian community......Page 74 New trends regarding expatriates......Page 78 Summary......Page 83 4 Major Terror Attacks and National Transformation, December 1983–January 1986......Page 85 Immediate responses to the December 1983 bombings......Page 86 Political convictions behind pursuing and purging Shia......Page 88 Pursuing and purging Shia......Page 91 Limitations on foreign population size......Page 94 Limitations on foreign population character......Page 96 Physical barriers......Page 100 "Strict" measures......Page 101 The 1984 hijacking and assassination attempt on Amir Jabir......Page 102 The cafe bombings and new strategies......Page 107 Proliferation of state security trials......Page 112 Decline of the appeal of religious fundamentalism and the 1985 Assembly......Page 114 Summary......Page 116 5 Criticism and Extremism from Kuwaiti Citizens, February 1986–August 1988......Page 118 The internationalization of the war......Page 119 Restricting venues for domestic dissent......Page 121 The June 1986 attacks, public opinion and terrorism trials......Page 125 The citizen-bomber development......Page 129 Explaining citizen-bombers......Page 134 Responding to citizen extremism......Page 137 De-emphasis on the threat from foreign residents......Page 139 Summary......Page 142 6 Old and New Antagonisms after the Ceasefire, September 1988–July 1990......Page 144 Post-war subversion......Page 145 The post-war politics of foreign residents......Page 149 The parliamentary movement......Page 152 The National Council plan......Page 156 Summary......Page 160 7 Loyalty, Opposition and the Iraqi Invasion, August 1990–August 1991......Page 162 Military and security personnel......Page 163 Civilian resisters and other Kuwaiti "insiders"......Page 168 The parliamentary movement revisited......Page 170 Expatriate collaboration......Page 177 Population reinvention......Page 181 Summary......Page 185 Key findings......Page 187 New and looming challenges......Page 191 Appendix A: Number of Administrative Deportations per Month According to Nationality, 1978–89......Page 197 Appendix B: Number of First-time Residence Permits Issued per Year, 1978–89......Page 201 Appendix C: Kuwaiti Daily Newspapers and Their Orientations Circa 1986......Page 202 Notes and References......Page 203 Bibliography......Page 230 G......Page 244 M......Page 245 R......Page 246 W......Page 247 Kuwait amid War, Peace and Revolution explores Kuwaiti internal security challenges including terrorism, sabotage and subversion, and examines policy responses such as mass deportations and special security trials using untapped Kuwaiti government sources. The study details how turmoil in neighbouring states like Iraq and Iran, and deep ethnic and religious tensions inside Kuwait, shape Kuwait's threat environment. The study probes the period of the Iranian revolution, Iran-Iraq war and Iraqi invasions, and applies lesions learned to new challenges in Kuwait, including Islamic extremism This books explores Kuwaiti internal security challenges of terrorism, sabotage and subversion, and, using untapped Kuwaiti government sources, examines policy responses such as mass deportations and special security trials. The study details how turmoil in neighbouring states and religious tensions threaten Kuwait's environment.