کوکوناریس I: سفال مایکنایی از زمینه‌های منتخب

The excavations on the Koukounaries Hill, Paros, Greece, conducted under the direction of Demetrius U. Schilardi for the Archaeological Society at Athens from 1976 to 1992, revealed a 12th century B.C.E. Mycenaean building, an Iron Age settlement, and an Archaic sanctuary. Koukounaries I: Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts presents the pottery from five areas inside the building: three large storerooms, the main east-west corridor, and a small shrine, as well as the pottery from a limited reoccupation after the building's fire destruction and abandonment. The ceramics from the main occupation phase comprise the largest and best-preserved domestic assemblage from the 12th century B.C.E. in the Cyclades and offer important evidence for the continuation of Mycenaean culture after the destruction of the mainland palatial citadels. The small deposits of pottery from the reoccupation phase, provide important stratigraphic evidence for defining the Late Helladic IIIC ceramic sequence. The volume also considers the function of the individual spaces within the building, based largely on the patterns of shape distributions and quantities, with the statistics for each context presented in a series of appendices. Other issues area also explored, including the evidence for itinerant potters, the trade in antique vases, and the place of origin of the settlers who founded and inhabited the Mycenaean building on the summit of the Koukounaries Hill. The excavations on the Koukounaries Hill, Paros, Greece, conducted under the direction of Demetrius U. Schilardi for the Archaeological Society at Athens from 1976 to 1992, revealed a 12th century B.C.E. Mycenaean building, an Iron Age settlement, and an Archaic sanctuary. Koukounaries I: Mycenaean Pottery from Selected Contexts presents the pottery from five areas inside the building: three large storerooms, the main east-west corridor, and a small shrine, as well as the pottery from a limited reoccupation after the building’s fire destruction and abandonment. The ceramics from the main occupation phase comprise the largest and best preserved domestic assemblage from the 12th century B.C.E. in the Cyclades and offer important evidence for the continuation of Mycenaean culture after the destruction of the mainland palatial citadels. The small deposits of pottery from the reoccupation phase provide important stratigraphic evidence for defining the Late Helladic IIIC ceramic sequence. The volume also considers the function of the individual spaces within the building, based largely on the patterns of shape distributions and quantities, with the statistics for each context presented in a series of appendices. Other issues are also explored, including the evidence for itinerant potters, the trade in antique vases, ‘archaizing’ pottery, and the place of origin of the settlers who founded and inhabited the Mycenaean building on the summit of the Koukounaries Hill. Cover 1 Title Page 3 Copyright page 4 Dedication 5 Contents Page 7 List of Figures in Text 8 List of Tables in Text 8 Color photographs 9 Preface 25 Acknowledgements 27 Abbreviations 29 Chapter 1 31 Introduction 31 1.1 Cultural context and overview of the site 31 Figure 1. Plan of Mycenaean building with five contexts highlighted. 32 1.2 Archaeological contexts and significance of the pottery 32 Figure 2. Staircase built into north face. 33 Figure 3. Shrine in D5, facing north. 33 Figure 5. E-W Corridor, D2, D2*, facing west. 34 Figure 4. Intersection of E-W and N-S corridor in trench D2N, facing north. 34 Figure 6. Staircase in C2, facing south (Late Geometric wall, above). 35 Figure 7. Storerooms 1 (C1-D1), 2 (E1), 3 (F1), facing west. 35 Figure 8. Detail of 267, with mica inclusions (silver flecks appear white in photograph). 36 1.3 Provenience and wares 36 1.4 Presentation and organization of pottery in Chapters 2 and 3 37 1.5 Illustrations of pottery 39 Chapter 2 40 Main occupation phase contexts and pottery 40 Context 1. Storeroom 1 40 Context 2. Storeroom 2 86 Table 1. Cataloged pottery from the deep sounding in Storeroom 2 (E 1) (repeated catalog numbers indicate cross joins). 87 Context 3. Storeroom 3 106 Context 4. East-West Corridor 115 Table 2. Distribution/comparison of cataloged vases from the Upper and Lower Deposit of the East-West Corridor by shape, context, and stratum. 117 Table 2. Continued. 118 Context 5. Shrine 147 Chapter 3 157 Reoccupation phase contexts and pottery 157 Chapter 4 161 Shapes, decorations, and internal distributions 161 4.1 Introduction 161 4.2 Surface Treatments 161 4.3 Main occupation phase pottery 163 Table 3. Motifs on Group A Deep Bowls (in order of FM number). 169 Table 4. Shoulder and handle zone motifs on large collar-necked jars, in order of frequency. 177 4.4 Reoccupation phase pottery 189 4.5 Internal distribution patterns 190 Chapter 5 192 Relative chronology of the pottery 192 5.1 Introduction 192 5.2 Previous discussions 192 5.3 Imports, antiques, archaizing vases, and itinerant potters 193 5.4 Dating the ceramic assemblages and associated contexts 196 Table 5. Episodes at Koukounaries synchronized with periods of LH IIIC at Mycenae and phases at Lefkandi and Phylakopi. 205 Chapter 6 206 Identifying the people from their pottery 206 Appendix 1 210 Chemical analysis of Mycenaean pottery from Koukounaries, Paros 210 Introduction 210 Figure 9. (a) Cr-Ca oxide and (b) Cr-Mg oxide plots of the pottery samples from Koukounaries (Mycenaean +, 30-32 • and Geometric ∆) and the reference pottery from Mycenae (M). The 1 standard deviation ranges of the Mycenae group are indicated. 211 Appendix 1a. Samples analyzed from Koukounaries, Paros. 212 Appendix 1b. The compositions of the pottery at Koukounaries, expressed as wt% element oxides. 213 Appendix 1c. Reference data. 213 Appendix 2 214 Statistics of the pottery from the five main occupation phase contexts 214 Introduction 214 Appendix 2a. Context 1 (Storeroom 1): statistics. 215 Appendix 2a. Continued. 216 Appendix 2a. Continued. 217 Appendix 2b. Context 2 (Storeroom 2): statistics. 218 Appendix 2b. Continued. 219 Appendix 2c. Context 3 (Storeroom 3): statistics. 220 Appendix 2d. Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit): statistics. 221 Appendix 2d. Continued. 222 Appendix 2e. Context 4 (East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit): statistics. 223 Appendix 2e. Continued. 224 Appendix 2f. Context 5 (Shrine): statistics. 225 Appendix 2f. Continued. 226 Appendix 2g. Comparison of statistics from all main phase contexts by ware and shape. 227 Appendix 2g. Continued. 228 Appendix 2g. Continued. 229 Appendix 2g. Continued. 230 Appendix 3 231 Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls 231 Introduction 231 Appendix 3a. Storeroom 1: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls. 232 Appendix 3a. Continued. 233 Appendix 3b. Storeroom 2: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls. 234 Appendix 3b. Continued. 235 Appendix 3c. Storeroom 3: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowl. 236 Appendix 3d. East-West Corridor, Upper Deposit: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls. 237 Appendix 3d. Continued. 238 Appendix 3e. East-West Corridor, Lower Deposit: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls. 239 Appendix 3f. Shrine: Surface treatment statistics for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls. 240 Appendix 3g. Comparison of surface treatments for FB kylikes, low-stemmed cups, and deep bowls from all contexts. 241 Appendix 3g. Continued. 242 Appendix 3g. Continued. 243 Concordance of Catalog numbers and Paros Archaeological Museum registration numbers 244 Bibliography 245 Profile drawings 252 Black and white photographs 332 Index 411 Aegean Bronze Age,Late Bronze Age,Mycenaean,Late Helladic,Koukounaries Hill,Paros,Cyclades,Mycenaean pottery.