Kids and media in America : patterns of use at the millennium

Examining the full array of media available to children and adolescents, this book describes not only the amount of time they spend with each medium, but the kinds of content they choose, and the physical, social, and psychological context of much of their exposure. This national sample study provides a comprehensive picture of young people's media behavior. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Dedication......Page 7 CONTENTS......Page 9 TABLES......Page 14 FIGURES......Page 21 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 25 CHAPTER ONE THE CHANGING MEDIA LANDSCAPE......Page 29 THE CHANGING MEDIA LANDSCAPE......Page 31 CHILDREN AND MEDIA: A HISTORY OF CONCERN......Page 33 PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON CHILDREN'S MEDIA USE......Page 36 CHAPTER TWO THE MEASUREMENT OF MEDIA BEHAVIOR......Page 41 MEASURING YOUNG PEOPLE'S MEDIA BEHAVIOUR......Page 44 THE SAMPLES......Page 45 OLDER CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: THE IN-SCHOOL SAMPLE......Page 46 QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTRATION......Page 47 MEDIA EXPOSURE MEASURES......Page 48 MEDIA ATTITUDES......Page 50 DEMOGRAPHIC AND BACKGROUD ITEMS......Page 51 MEDIA-USE DIARIES......Page 52 STATISTICAL ANALYSES......Page 53 AGE AS A BASELINE VARIABLE......Page 54 CHAPTER THREE THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT......Page 57 OVERALL IN-HOME ACCESS......Page 58 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND IN-HOME ACCESS......Page 61 RACE/ETHNICITY AND IN-HOME ACCESS......Page 63 MULTIPLE-MEDIA HOMES......Page 66 AGE AND BEDROOM MEDIA......Page 70 GENDER AND BEDROOM MEDIA......Page 71 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND BEDROOM MEDIA......Page 72 RACE/ETHNICITY AND BEDROOM MEDIA......Page 74 HOUSEHOLD TELEVISION ORIENTATION......Page 76 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND HOUSEHOLD TV ORIENTATION......Page 79 RACE/ETHNICITY AND HOUSEHOLD TV ORIENTATION......Page 82 SUMMING UP THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT......Page 83 CHAPTER FOUR SCREEN MEDIA: TELEVISON, VIDEOS, AND MOVIES......Page 85 AGE AND SCREEN EXPOSURE......Page 86 GENDER AND SCREEN EXPOSURE......Page 90 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND SCREEN EXPOSURE......Page 91 RACE/ETHNICITY AND SCREEN EXPOSURE......Page 93 HOUSEHOLD TV ORIENTATION AND SCREEN EXPOSURE......Page 95 CONTENT PREFERENCES......Page 96 TV CONTENT......Page 97 VIDEO CONTENT......Page 100 THE CONTEXT OF EXPOSURE......Page 102 ATTITUDES TOWARD TELEVISION......Page 108 SUMMING UP SCREEN MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 110 CHAPTER FIVE AUDIO MEDIA: RADIO, TAPES, AND CDs......Page 112 AMOUNT OF AUDIO EXPOSURE......Page 113 PREDICTORS OF AUDIO EXPOSURE......Page 116 MULTIPLE MUSIC GENRES......Page 118 PREDICTORS OF CONTENT PREFERENCES......Page 120 FRAGMENTATION OF MUSIC PREFERENCES......Page 122 AUDIO MEDIA: A CODA......Page 123 CHAPTER SIX PRINT MEDIA: BOOKS, MAGAZINES, AND NEWSPAPERS......Page 125 AMOUNT OF PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 126 GENDER AND PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 129 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 130 RACE/ETHNICITY AND PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 133 HOUSEHOLD TV ORIENTATION AND PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 134 MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS AND PRINT EXPOSURE......Page 136 CONTENT PREFERENCES: WHAT YOUNG PEOPLE READ......Page 137 SUMMING UP PRINT BEHAVIOR......Page 138 CHAPTER SEVEN INTERACTIVE MEDIA......Page 141 A FURTHER WORD ABOUT ACCESS......Page 142 WHO USES COMPUTERS?......Page 145 AMOUNT OF COMPUTER USE......Page 149 VIDEO GAMES......Page 155 INTERACTIVE GAMES......Page 157 WEBSITES......Page 160 SUMMING UP INTERACTIVE MEDIA USE......Page 161 CHAPTER EIGHT PATTERNS OF OVERALL MEDIA CONSUMPTION......Page 164 EXPOSURE VERSUS USE......Page 165 AGE AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 167 GENDER AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 170 RACE/ETHNICITY AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 171 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 172 FAMILY COMPOSITION AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 176 RESIDENCE LOCALE AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 177 THE MEDIA BUDGET......Page 178 AGE AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 181 GENDER AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 183 RACE/ETHNICITY AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 185 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 186 FAMILY COMPOSITION AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 191 RESIDENCE LOCALE AND MEDIA BUDGETS......Page 192 PERSONAL CONTENTEDNESS AND MEDIA USE......Page 193 ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND MEDIA USE......Page 199 HEAVY VERSUS LIGHT MEDIA USERS......Page 202 A TYPOLOGY OF YOUNG PEOPLE’S MEDIA BEHAVIOR......Page 208 MEDIA LITE (18% OF 8- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS)......Page 210 INTERACTOR (16% OF 8- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS)......Page 213 VIDKID (15% OF 8- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS)......Page 214 INDIFFERENT (18% OF 8- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS)......Page 215 ENTHUSIAST (19% OF 8- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS)......Page 216 CHAPTER TEN SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 218 THE MEDIA ENVIRONMENT......Page 219 MEDIA EXPOSURE AND MEDIA USE......Page 220 SUBGROUP DIFFERENCES IN MEDIA CONSUMPTION......Page 222 HEAVY VERSUS LIGHT MEDIA USE......Page 223 NEW MEDIA VERSUS OLD......Page 224 GENDER DIFFERENCES......Page 225 MUSIC TASTES......Page 226 ABSENCE OF ADULTS......Page 227 ATTITUDES TOWARD MEDIA......Page 228 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT......Page 229 THE NEED TO PAY ATTENTION......Page 230 CREATING THE IN-SCHOOL SAMPLE......Page 232 THE IN-HOME SAMPLE......Page 234 CONTENT GENRES FOR EACH MEDIUM......Page 236 APPENDIX 3.1: HOUSEHOLDS CONTAINING ONE OR MORE OF EACH MEDIUM......Page 239 APPENDIX 3.2: HOUSEHOLDS CONTAINING THREE OR MORE OF EACH MEDIUM......Page 246 APPENDIX 3.3: YOUTHS WITH EACH MEDIUM IN THEIR BEDROOMS......Page 253 APPENDIX 3.4: HOUSEHOLD TV ORIENTATION......Page 259 APPENDIX 4.1: AMOUNT OF SCREEN MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 265 APPENDIX 4.2: HOUSEHOLD TV ENVIRONMENT......Page 277 APPENDIX 4.3: SCREEN GENRES......Page 280 APPENDIX 4.4: SCREEN VIEWING CONTEXT......Page 287 APPENDIX 4.5: ATTITUDES TOWARD TELEVISION......Page 291 APPENDIX 5.1: AMOUNT OF AUDIO EXPOSURE......Page 298 APPENDIX 5.3: AUDIO GENRES......Page 305 APPENDIX 6.1: AMOUNT OF PRINT MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 310 APPENDIX 6.2: PRINT GENRES......Page 323 APPENDIX 7.1: AMOUNT OF INTERACTIVE MEDIA USE......Page 330 APPENDIX 7.2: INTERACTIVE MEDIA GENRES......Page 343 APPENDIX 8.1: AMOUNT OF TOTAL EXPOSURE AND PROPORTION OF TIME DEVOTED TO EACH MEDIUM......Page 352 APPENDIX 9.1: CONTENTEDNESS INDEX CORRELATIONS......Page 365 APPENDIX 9.2: AMOUNT OF TOTAL MEDIA EXPOSURE BY CONTENTEDNESS......Page 366 APPENDIX 9.3: AMOUNT OF TOTAL MEDIA EXPOSURE BY ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT......Page 367 APPENDIX 9.4: HEAVY AND LIGHT MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 375 APPENDIX 9.5: CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIA USER TYPES......Page 378 REFERENCES......Page 385 AUTHOR INDEX......Page 397 SUBJECT INDEX......Page 401 One Important Element Necessary For Understanding The Role Of Mass Media In The Lives Of Young People Is An Accurate Mapping Of Their Patterns Of Media Use. How Much Do They Use Media And Which Media Content, And Under What Circumstances? This Book Reports [on A] National Random Sample Survey Of U.s. Children's And Adolescents' Use Of All Of The Various Media Available To Them--page [i]. 1. The Changing Media Landscape -- Children And Media : A History Of Concern -- Previous Research On Children's Media Use -- 2. The Measurement Of Media Behavior -- Measuring Young People's Media Behavior -- The Samples -- Young Children : The In-home Sample -- Older Children And Adolescents : The In-school Sample -- Questionnaires -- Questionnaire Administration -- Media Exposure Measures -- The Home Media Environment -- Media Attitudes -- Social/psychological Well-being -- Demographic And Background Items -- Media-use Diaries -- Statistical Analyses -- Age As A Baseline Variable -- 3. The Media Environment -- Media In The Home -- Overall In-home Access -- Age And In-home Access -- Socioeconomic Status And In-home Access -- Race/ethnicity And In-home Access -- Gender And In-home Access -- Multiple-media Homes -- Media In Young People's Bedrooms -- Age And Bedroom Media -- Gender And Bedroom Media -- Socioeconomic Status And Bedroom Media -- Race/ethnicity And Bedroom Media -- Household Television Orientation -- Age/gender And Household Television Orientation -- Socioeconomic Status And Household Television Orientation -- Race/ethnicity And Household Television Orientation -- Summing Up The Media Environment. 4. Screen Media : Television, Videos, And Movies -- Amount Of Screen Exposure -- Age And Screen Exposure -- Gender And Screen Exposure -- Socioeconomic Status And Screen Exposure -- Race/ethnicity And Screen Exposure -- Household Television Orientation And Screen Exposure -- Content Preferences -- Television Content -- Video Content -- Movie Content -- Summing Up Screen Content Preferences -- The Context Of Exposure -- Attitudes Toward Television -- Summing Up Screen Media Exposure -- 5. Audio Media : Radio, Tapes, And Cds -- Amount Of Audio Exposure -- Predictors Of Audio Exposure -- Music Content Preferences -- Predictors Of Content Preferences -- Audio Media : A Coda -- 6. Print Media : Books, Magazines, And Newspapers -- Amount Of Print Exposure -- Gender And Print Exposure -- Socioeconomic Status And Print Exposure -- Race/ethnicity And Print Exposure -- Place Of Residence And Print Exposure -- Household Television Orientation And Print Exposure -- Magazine Subscriptions And Print Exposure -- Content Preferences : What Young People Read -- Summing Up Print Behavior -- 7. Interactive Media -- A Further Word About Access -- Who Uses Computers? -- Amount Of Computer Use -- Video Games -- Content Preferences -- Interactive Games -- Chat Rooms -- Web Sites -- Summing Up Interactive Media Use. 8. Patterns Of Overall Media Consumption -- Exposure Versus Use -- Overall Media Exposure -- Age And Media Exposure -- Gender And Media Exposure -- Race/ethnicity And Media Exposure -- Socioeconomic Status And Media Exposure -- Family Composition And Media Exposure -- Residence Locale And Media Exposure -- The Media Budget -- Age And Media Budgets -- Gender And Media Budgets -- Race/ethnicity And Media Budgets -- Socioeconomic Status And Media Budgets -- Family Composition And Media Budgets -- Residence Locale And Media Budgets -- 9. Media Behavior : A Youth Perspective -- Personal Contentedness And Media Use -- Academic Performance And Media Use -- Heavy Versus Light Media Users -- A Typology Of Young People's Media Behavior -- Media Lite -- Interactor -- Vidkid -- Restricted -- Indifferent -- Enthusiast -- 10. Summary And Conclusions -- The Media Environment -- Media Exposure/media Use -- Subgroup Differences In Media Consumption -- Heavy Versus Light Media Use -- New Media Versus Old -- Gender Differences -- Music Tastes -- Absence Of Adults -- Attitudes Toward Media -- Psychological And Social Adjustment -- The Need To Pay Attention. Appendixes To Chapter 2 : Methods -- 2.1. Sampling Details -- 2.2. Content Genres For Each Medium -- Appendixes To Chapter 3 : The Media Environment : Results And Statistical Tests -- 3.1. Households Containing One Or More Of Each Medium -- 3.2. Households Containing Three Or More Of Each Medium -- 3.3. Youths With Each Medium In Their Bedrooms -- 3.4. Household Tv Orientation -- Appendixes To Chapter 4 : Screen Media : Results And Statistical Tests -- 4.1. Amount Of Screen Media Exposure -- 4.2. Household Tv Environment -- 4.3. Screen Genres -- 4.4. Screen Viewing Context -- 4.5. Attitudes Toward Television -- Appendixes To Chapter 5 : Audio Media : Results And Statistical Tests -- 5.1. Amount Of Audio Exposure -- 5.2. Type Of Audio Exposure -- 5.3. Audio Genres -- Appendixes To Chapter 6 : Print Media : Results And Statistical Tests -- 6.1. Amount Of Print Media Exposure -- 6.2. Print Genres (7th-12th Graders) -- Appendixes To Chapter 7 : Interactive Media : Results And Statistical Tests -- 7.1. Amount Of Interactive Media Use -- 7.2. Interactive Media Genres -- Appendixes To Chapter 8 : Overall Media Consumption : Results And Statistical Tests -- 8.1. Amount Of Total Exposure And Proportion Of Time Devoted To Each Medium -- Appendixes To Chapter 9 : Youth Perspective On Media Behavior -- 9.1. Contentedness Index Correlations -- 9.2. Amount Of Total Media Exposure By Contentedness -- 9.3. Amount Of Total Media Exposure By Academic Achievement -- 9.4. Heavy And Light Media Exposure -- 9.5. Characteristics Of Media User Types. Donald F. Roberts, Ulla G. Foehr ; With Victoria J. Rideout, Mollyanne Brodie. Based On A Kaiser Family Foundation Study. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 357-367) And Indexes. This 2003 book reports the only national, random sample survey of US children and adolescents' use of all of the various media available to them conducted in at least the past 30 years. In addition to providing the first comprehensive look at how media-saturated our young people's lives have become, it is the first study to examine young people's overall media budgets, and the first to attempt to describe distinctly different types of young media users. Extensive background information and chapters devoted to each of the various media, to the overall media budget, and to particular types of media users, enables the authors to describe perhaps the most detailed map of US young people's media behavior ever assembled (source : site de l'éditeur)