Karl W. Deutsch: Pioneer in the Theory of International Relations: With a Preface by Charles Lewis Taylor and Bruce M. Russett (Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice Book 25)

This is a memorial for Karl Wolfgang Deutsch, a pioneering political scientist, international relations specialist and peace scholar of the 20th century. Born in Prague, he was a professor at MIT, Yale and Harvard and spent a decade at the Social Science Center Berlin (WZB). He was a global leader in the theory and scientific analysis of international relations and comparative politics who published on nationalism, social communication, European integration, war and peace, arms control, social cybernetics, general systems analysis, and global modelling. He pioneered the development and analysis of large-scale political and social data across nations and over time and proposed a widespread access to these data and their scientific evaluation. This book offers biographical data on Karl W. Deutsch, reproduces chapters from his PhD thesis and his book Nerves of Government. Colleagues from the USA (A.S. Markovits, H. Alker, R.L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr., P. J. Katzenstein, T.R. Cusack, C.L. Taylor), Germany (D. Senghaas, R. Wildenmann, R. Mackensen, K. v. Beyme) and the Czech Republic (M. Hroch) offer Collegial Critiques and Memorials. It provides a comprehensive bibliography of his publications and memorials for a great scholar, a superb academic teacher and world citizen." Karl Wolfgang Deutsch was a major global pioneer in Political Science, international relations and peace research in the 20th century." His most creative contributions were the concept of social mobilization, the use of cybernetics to study human relationships, the introduction of politics in world modeling, and the role of communication in governance." He was president of the American Political Science Association (1969-70) and of the International Political Science Association (1976-79) and was a Director of the Social Science Research Center Berlin (1977-87)." Academics, including graduate students, exploring nationalism, political integration, social communications, cybernetics, and global modeling will find this volume instructive.-- Provided by publisher Preface and Acknowledgements 6 Contents 8 On Karl Wolfgang Deutsch 11 1 Biography of Karl Wolfgang Deutsch (1912–1992) 12 1.1 Introduction 12 2 A Life of Productivity 24 2.1 Karl Deutsch’s Scholarship 24 2.2 Nationalism and Social Communication 28 2.3 Political Communities in the International Arena 32 2.4 Yale Political Data Program 34 2.5 The Arms Control Project 39 2.6 Cybernetics 40 2.7 A World Model 48 2.8 Tides Among Nations 52 Selected Texts from Deutsch’s Work 57 3 Peoples, Nations, and Communication 58 3.1 Society, Culture, and Communication 60 3.2 The Concept of Information 63 3.3 Possible Measurements of Information 65 3.4 Some Implications for Social Science 67 3.5 Communication and the Concept of a People 68 3.6 Nationalism and the Position of Peoples in a Stratified Society 74 3.7 Nationalities and Nation-States 78 3.8 Nationalism and “Cultural Autonomy” 79 4 National Assimilation or Differentiation 81 4.1 Some Quantitative Relationships 81 4.2 The Rate of Assimilation 83 4.3 The Rate of Mobilization 84 4.4 The Crucial Population Groups 86 4.5 Four Examples 88 4.6 Further Possibilities of Graphic Representation 95 4.7 A More Detailed Example: Bohemia 1900–1947 98 4.8 The Major Rates of Change 102 5 Communication Models and Decision Systems: Some Implications for Research 109 5.1 The Concept of Information 109 5.2 The Reception of Information 111 5.3 Richness of Information and Selectivity of Reception 112 5.4 The Measurement of Information and the Fidelity of Channels 112 5.5 Information and Social Cohesion 113 5.6 Face-to-Face Communication Networks and Legitimacy Symbols 115 5.7 The “Middle Level” of Communications and Command 117 5.8 The Internal Intelligence Function and Continuing Leadership 119 5.9 Voluntary Imitation and Morale: The Concept of Mimesis 121 5.10 Decision Systems and Information-Carrying Capacity 122 6 Learning Capacity and Creativity in Politics: The Search for Cohesion and Values 124 6.1 The Structure of Facilities for Social Learning 125 6.2 Possible Measurement of Learning and Innovating Performance 127 6.3 Policy Aspirations and Prophetic Leadership 130 6.4 Communication, Cohesion, and the Limits of States and Federations 134 6.5 Preferences, Authority, and Values 135 7 Government as a Process of Steering 138 7.1 Some Applications of Negative Feedback: Opposition to Overshooting the Goal 139 7.2 An Alternative to the ‘Equilibrium’ Approach 140 7.3 Some Applications of Amplifying Feedback: Automatic Reinforcement of Response 146 7.4 Some Implications of Goal-Changing Feedback: Continuing Decision Systems 148 8 Political Self-awareness, Autonomy, and Sovereignty 152 8.1 Secondary Symbols in Organizations 152 8.2 Boundaries and Autonomy 156 8.3 The Concentration of Decisions: Sovereignty and Vulnerability in Political Systems 158 Collegial Critiques and Memorials 162 9 Historical Experience and the Culture of Knowledge: Karl W. Deutsch from Prague to America 163 9.1 Brief Contextual Prologue 163 9.2 Karl Wolfgang Deutsch (1912–1992) 164 10 The Power of Networks: Insights from the Political Cybernetics of Karl W. Deutsch 175 10.1 Introduction 178 10.2 The Development of an Appropriate Research Strategy 181 10.3 Wiener on the ‘Adventure of the [Last] Century’ 181 10.4 Three Helpful Interpretive Hypotheses from Science and Technology Studies 183 10.5 A Reconstruction of Deutsch’s Views vis-a-vis Wiener, via Edwards and Mirowski 186 10.6 Deutsch’s Cybernetic Reformulations of Political Morality and Pathology 188 10.7 Deutsch’s Cybernetic Retelling of the Key Dramas of the 20th Century 193 10.8 Conclusion: How Might Deutsch Have Answered der Derian’s Question? 197 Appendix: List of Interpretive Hypotheses 200 References 202 11 Karl Deutsch and the Study of Political Science 205 12 Three Encounters with Karl W. Deutsch 222 Abstract 222 References 235 13 Practizing Politics with Alert Senses: Remembering Karl W. Deutsch (1912–1992) 237 References 245 Other Selected Works by Karl W. Deutsch 245 Further Reading 246 14 Karl W. Deutsch: Testing Great Ideas Against the Real World: Concepts and Theories Grounded Firmly in Data 247 References 250 15 Karl W. Deutsch: Teacher, Scholar, Mentor, Mensch 252 16 Karl W. Deutsch Interviewed 255 17 Karl W. Deutsch and the International Development of the Social Sciences: Researcher, Teacher, Humanist – His Importance for Political Science 263 17.1 Introduction 263 18 Nerves Instead of Muscles – On Peace in the Thinking of Karl W. Deutsch 267 19 Karl Deutsch and Realist Theory in International Politics 274 19.1 Introduction 274 19.2 Modal Image I: The Invisible Hand 276 19.3 Modal Image II: Conscious Balancing 277 19.4 Modal Image III: Inevitable Universal Empire 279 19.5 Model Image IV: Cycles of Concentration and Diffusion 280 19.6 The EARTH Model 281 19.7 Conclusion 284 References 284 20 “Critical Reverence” – Encomium on Karl W. Deutsch 286 21 A Statement of Thanks (1983) 292 Comprehensive Bibliography of Karl W. Deutsch 294 Unpublished Manuscripts in the Harvard University Archives 305 In Memory and Thanks of the Profession 305 Thanks from the Profession 308 Eulogy for Karl Wolfgang Deutsch 310 Karl Deutsch Award of the International Studies Association (ISA) and Its Recipients (1985–2019) 314 About the Author Karl Wolfgang Deutsch 316 About the Editor Charles Lewis Taylor 317 About the Editor Bruce M. Russett 318 About the Coauthors and Contributors 319 Front Matter ....Pages i-ix Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Biography of Karl Wolfgang Deutsch (1912–1992) (Charles Lewis Taylor, Bruce M. Russett)....Pages 3-14 A Life of Productivity (Charles Lewis Taylor)....Pages 15-47 Front Matter ....Pages 49-49 Peoples, Nations, and Communication (Karl W. Deutsch)....Pages 51-73 National Assimilation or Differentiation (Karl W. Deutsch)....Pages 75-102 Communication Models and Decision Systems: Some Implications for Research (Karl W. Deutsch)....Pages 103-117 Learning Capacity and Creativity in Politics: The Search for Cohesion and Values (Karl W. Deutsch)....Pages 119-132 Government as a Process of Steering (Karl W. Deutsch)....Pages 133-146 Political Self-awareness, Autonomy, and Sovereignty (Karl W. Deutsch)....Pages 147-156 Front Matter ....Pages 157-157 Historical Experience and the Culture of Knowledge: Karl W. Deutsch from Prague to America (Andrei S. Markovits)....Pages 159-170 The Power of Networks: Insights from the Political Cybernetics of Karl W. Deutsch (Hayward R. Alker)....Pages 171-200 Karl Deutsch and the Study of Political Science (Robert L. Pfaltzgraff Jr.)....Pages 201-217 Three Encounters with Karl W. Deutsch (Miroslav Hroch)....Pages 219-233 Practizing Politics with Alert Senses: Remembering Karl W. Deutsch (1912–1992) (Dieter Senghaas)....Pages 235-244 Karl W. Deutsch: Testing Great Ideas Against the Real World: Concepts and Theories Grounded Firmly in Data (Charles Lewis Taylor)....Pages 245-249 Karl W. Deutsch: Teacher, Scholar, Mentor, Mensch (Peter J. Katzenstein)....Pages 251-253 Karl W. Deutsch Interviewed (Andrei S. Markovits)....Pages 255-262 Karl W. Deutsch and the International Development of the Social Sciences: Researcher, Teacher, Humanist – His Importance for Political Science (Rudolf Wildenmann)....Pages 263-266 Nerves Instead of Muscles – On Peace in the Thinking of Karl W. Deutsch (Rainer Mackensen)....Pages 267-273 Karl Deutsch and Realist Theory in International Politics (Thomas Cusack)....Pages 275-286 “Critical Reverence” – Encomium on Karl W. Deutsch (Klaus von Beyme)....Pages 287-292 A Statement of Thanks (1983) (Karl W. Deutsch)....Pages 293-294 Back Matter ....Pages 295-326