Kaplan Textbook of Psychiatry w

Kaplan & Sadock鈥檚 Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 PREFACE 39 1.1 NEURAL SCIENCES: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 53 1.2 FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY 56 1.3 DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY 72 1.4 MONOAMINE NEUROTRANSMITTERS 80 1.5 AMINO ACID NEUROTRANSMITTERS 88 1.6 NEUROPEPTIDES: BIOLOGY AND REGULATION 95 1.7 NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS 103 1.8 INTRANEURONAL SIGNALING PATHWAYS 107 1.9 BASIC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY 113 1.10 BASIC MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY 122 1.11 PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 128 1.12 IMMUNE SYSTEM AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INTERACTIONS 135 1.13 CHRONOBIOLOGY 149 1.14 APPLIED ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY 157 1.15 PRINCIPLES OF NEUROIMAGING: RADIOTRACER TECHNIQUES 167 1.16 PRINCIPLES OF NEUROIMAGING: MAGNETIC RESONANCE TECHNIQUES 174 1.17 POPULATION GENETIC METHODS IN PSYCHIATRY 182 1.18 GENETIC LINKAGE ANALYSIS OF THE PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 191 1.19 BASIC SCIENCE OF SLEEP 202 1.20 APPETITE 210 1.21 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN NEUROSCIENCE AND PSYCHIATRY 217 2.1 NEUROPSYCHIATRY: CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS 219 2.2 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS 235 2.3 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF BRAIN TUMORS 244 2.4 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF EPILEPSY 250 2.5 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY 260 2.6 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS 270 2.7 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND OTHER DEMYELINATING DISORDERS 280 2.8 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF HIV INFECTION AND AIDS 288 2.9 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES 307 2.10 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF HEADACHE 313 2.11 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE 319 2.12 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 325 2.13 NEUROIMAGING IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 334 3.1 PERCEPTION AND COGNITION 343 3.2 EXTENDING PIAGET'S APPROACH TO INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING 355 3.3 LEARNING THEORY 364 3.4 BIOLOGY OF MEMORY 374 3.5 BRAIN MODELS OF MIND 383 3.6 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE 391 4.1 ANTHROPOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 403 4.2 SOCIOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 412 4.3 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 418 4.4 CULTURAL PSYCHIATRY 424 5.1 EPIDEMIOLOGY 431 5.2 STATISTICS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 448 5.3 MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 462 5.4 ANIMAL RESEARCH AND ITS RELEVANCE TO PSYCHIATRY 467 6.1 PSYCHOANALYSIS 480 6.2 ERIK H. ERIKSON 510 6.3 OTHER PSYCHODYNAMIC SCHOOLS 517 6.4 APPROACHES DERIVED FROM PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY 534 7.1 PSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW, HISTORY, AND MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION 544 7.2 PSYCHIATRIC REPORT AND MEDICAL RECORD 556 7.3 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS IN PSYCHIATRY 566 7.4 CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL ASSESSMENT OF ADULTS 580 7.5 PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT: ADULTS AND CHILDREN 589 7.6 NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL AND INTELLECTUAL ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN 602 7.7 MEDICAL ASSESSMENT AND LABORATORY TESTING IN PSYCHIATRY 610 7.8 PSYCHIATRIC RATING SCALES 622 7.9 COMPUTER-BASED TESTING OF THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT 633 9.1 CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS 663 9.2 INTERNATIONAL PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS 671 11.1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 727 11.2 ALCOHOL-RELATED DISORDERS 744 11.3 AMPHETAMINE (OR AMPHETAMINE-LIKE)-RELATED DISORDERS 758 11.4 CAFFEINE-RELATED DISORDERS 767 11.5 CANNABIS-RELATED DISORDERS 775 11.6 COCAINE-RELATED DISORDERS 782 11.7 HALLUCINOGEN-RELATED DISORDERS 794 11.8 INHALANT-RELATED DISORDERS 802 11.9 NICOTINE-RELATED DISORDERS 809 11.10 OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS 815 11.11 PHENCYCLIDINE (OR PHENCYCLIDINE-LIKE)-RELATED DISORDERS 834 11.12 SEDATIVE-, HYPNOTIC-, OR ANXIOLYTIC-RELATED ABUSE 841 11.13 ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROID ABUSE 853 12.1 SCHIZOPHRENIA: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 860 12.2 SCHIZOPHRENIA: EPIDEMIOLOGY 870 12.3 SCHIZOPHRENIA: BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 877 12.4 SCHIZOPHRENIA: NEUROBIOLOGY 885 12.5 SCHIZOPHRENIA: GENETICS 897 12.6 SCHIZOPHRENIA: PSYCHODYNAMIC TO NEURODYNAMIC THEORIES 906 12.7 SCHIZOPHRENIA: CLINICAL FEATURES 915 12.8 SCHIZOPHRENIA: SOMATIC TREATMENT 935 12.9 SCHIZOPHRENIA: PSYCHOSOCIAL TREATMENT 943 12.10 SCHIZOPHRENIA: INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPY 949 13.1 SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER, SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER, AND BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER 959 13.2 DELUSIONAL DISORDER AND SHARED PSYCHOTIC DISORDER 967 13.3 ACUTE AND TRANSIENT PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS AND CULTURE-BOUND SYNDROMES 983 13.4 POSTPARTUM PSYCHIATRIC SYNDROMES 992 14.1 MOOD DISORDERS: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 998 14.2 MOOD DISORDERS: EPIDEMIOLOGY 1009 14.3 MOOD DISORDERS: GENETICS 1017 14.4 MOOD DISORDERS: NEUROBIOLOGY 1025 14.5 MOOD DISORDERS: PSYCHODYNAMIC ASPECTS 1033 14.6 MOOD DISORDERS: CLINICAL FEATURES 1041 14.7 MOOD DISORDERS: TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION 1068 14.8 MOOD DISORDERS: TREATMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS 1074 14.9 MOOD DISORDERS: PSYCHOTHERAPY 1099 15.1 ANXIETY DISORDERS: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1107 15.2 ANXIETY DISORDERS: EPIDEMIOLOGY 1110 15.3 ANXIETY DISORDERS: BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS 1116 15.4 ANXIETY DISORDERS: GENETICS 1121 15.5 ANXIETY DISORDERS: PSYCHODYNAMIC ASPECTS 1127 15.6 ANXIETY DISORDERS: CLINICAL FEATURES 1137 15.7 ANXIETY DISORDERS: SOMATIC TREATMENT 1147 15.8 ANXIETY DISORDERS: PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS 1153 18.1 DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA 1189 18.2 DISSOCIATIVE FUGUE 1194 18.3 DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER 1198 18.4 DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER 1207 18.5 DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 1213 19.1 NORMAL HUMAN SEXUALITY 1217 19.2 PARAPHILIAS 1256 19.3 GENDER IDENTITY DISORDERS 1267 25.1 HISTORY, CLASSIFICATION, AND CURRENT TRENDS IN PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE 1351 25.2 GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 1359 25.3 OBESITY 1368 25.4 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS 1377 25.5 RESPIRATORY DISORDERS 1382 25.6 ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS 1386 25.7 PSYCHOCUTANEOUS DISORDERS 1395 25.8 MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 1403 25.9 STRESS AND PSYCHIATRY 1409 25.10 BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 1418 25.11 PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY 1422 25.12 CONSULTATION-LIAISON PSYCHIATRY 1441 27.1 TREATMENT COMPLIANCE 1453 27.2 MALINGERING 1458 27.3 ADULT ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND CRIMINALITY 1468 27.4 BORDERLINE INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING AND ACADEMIC PROBLEM 1475 27.5 OTHER ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS THAT MAY BE A FOCUS OF CLINICAL ATTENTION 1477 28.1 PRIMARY CARE AND PSYCHIATRY 1481 28.2 PSYCHIATRY AND REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 1489 28.3 PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER 1501 28.4 GENETIC COUNSELING 1507 28.5 DEATH, DYING, AND BEREAVEMENT 1512 28.6 CHRONIC PAIN AND THE PLACEBO EFFECT 1526 28.7 PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL ABUSE OF ADULTS 1541 28.8 ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY HEALTH PRACTICES 1546 28.9 NONPROFESSIONAL THERAPIES, QUACKS, AND CULTS 1557 29.1 SUICIDE 1563 29.2 OTHER PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCIES 1572 30.1 PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHOANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY 1581 30.2 BEHAVIOR THERAPY 1598 30.3 HYPNOSIS 1630 30.4 GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY, COMBINED INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY 1643 30.5 FAMILY THERAPY AND COUPLE THERAPY 1652 30.6 COGNITIVE THERAPY 1659 30.7 INTERPERSONAL PSYCHOTHERAPY 1668 30.8 BRIEF PSYCHOTHERAPY 1675 30.9 ERIKSONIAN CLINICAL THEORY AND PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT 1686 30.10 OTHER METHODS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY 1691 30.11 EVALUATION OF PSYCHOTHERAPY 1700 30.12 COMBINED PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOTHERAPY 1706 31.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1714 31.2 PHARMACOKINETICS AND DRUG INTERACTIONS 1724 31.3 DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND APPROVAL PROCESS IN THE UNITED STATES 1729 31.4 MEDICATION-INDUCED MOVEMENT DISORDERS 1734 31.5 b-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS 1740 31.6 ANTICHOLINERGICS AND AMANTADINE 1744 31.7 ANTICONVULSANTS 1749 31.8 ANTIHISTAMINES 1769 31.9 BARBITURATES AND SIMILARLY ACTING SUBSTANCES 1773 31.10 BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS 1780 31.11 BUPROPION 1787 31.12 BUSPIRONE 1792 31.13 CALCIUM CHANNEL INHIBITORS 1797 31.14 CHLORAL HYDRATE 1803 31.15 CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS 1806 31.16 CLONIDINE 1812 31.17 DOPAMINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS) 1816 31.18 LITHIUM 1830 31.19 MIRTAZAPINE 1840 31.20 MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS 1846 31.21 NALTREXONE 1853 31.22 NEFAZODONE 1857 31.23 OPIOID AGONISTS 1863 31.24 SELECTIVE SEROTONIN-NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS 1870 31.25 SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS 1875 31.26 SEROTONIN-DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS 1899 31.27 SYMPATHOMIMETICS 1913 31.28 THYROID HORMONES 1917 31.29 TRAZODONE 1921 31.30 TRICYCLICS AND TETRACYCLICS 1928 31.31 ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY 1937 31.32 NEUROSURGICAL TREATMENTS 1946 31.33 OTHER BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPIES 1950 32.1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1958 32.2 NORMAL CHILD DEVELOPMENT 1960 32.3 NORMAL ADOLESCENCE 1970 35.1 READING DISORDERS 2011 35.2 MATHEMATICS DISORDER 2017 35.3 DISORDER OF WRITTEN EXPRESSION AND LEARNING DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 2021 37.1 EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER 2030 37.2 MIXED RECEPTIVE-EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER 2035 37.3 PHONOLOGICAL DISORDER 2040 37.4 STUTTERING 2045 37.5 COMMUNICATION DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 2049 39.1 ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDERS 2066 39.2 ADULT MANIFESTATIONS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 2073 44.1 REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER OF INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD 2103 44.2 STEREOTYPIC MOVEMENT DISORDER OF INFANCY AND DISODERS OF INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED 2108 46.1 OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER IN CHILDREN 2125 46.2 POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 2130 46.3 SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER AND OTHER ANXIETY DISORDERS 2135 46.4 SELECTIVE MUTISM 2141 48.1 INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY 2151 48.2 SHORT-TERM PSYCHOTHERAPY 2157 48.3 COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOTHERAPY 2164 48.4 GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY 2169 48.5 FAMILY THERAPY 2175 48.6 PEDIATRIC PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2182 48.7 PARTIAL HOSPITAL AND AMBULATORY BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES 2189 48.8 RESIDENTIAL AND INPATIENT TREATMENT 2195 48.9 COMMUNITY-BASED TREATMENT 2200 48.10 PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT OF ADOLESCENTS 2204 49.1 PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF DAY CARE 2209 49.2 ADOPTION 2212 49.3 FOSTER CARE 2216 49.4 CHILD MALTREATMENT 2220 49.5 CHILDREN'S REACTION TO ILLNESS AND HOSPITALIZATION 2230 49.6 PSYCHIATRIC SEQUELAE OF HIV AND AIDS 2237 49.7 CHILDHOOD OR ADOLESCENT ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2242 49.8 DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 2248 49.9 GENDER IDENTITY AND SEXUAL ISSUES 2255 49.10 IDENTITY PROBLEM AND BORDERLINE DISORDERS 2260 49.11 ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2269 49.12 FORENSIC CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2274 49.13 ETHICAL ISSUES IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2279 49.14 SCHOOL CONSULTATION 2283 49.15 PSYCHIATRIC PREVENTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 2289 51.1 OVERVIEW 2309 51.2 ASSESSMENT 2322 51.3 PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS OF LATE LIFE 2358 51.4 TREATMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 2394 51.5 HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS 2438 51.6 SPECIAL AREAS OF INTEREST 2451 52.1 PUBLIC PSYCHIATRY 2484 52.2 MANAGED CARE 2495 52.3 ROLE OF THE PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL IN THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESS 2504 52.4 PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION 2511 53.1 GRADUATE PSYCHIATRIC EDUCATION 2530 53.2 EXAMINING PSYCHIATRISTS AND OTHER TRAINEES 2539 54.1 LEGAL ISSUES IN PSYCHIATRY 2552 54.2 ETHICS IN PSYCHIATRY 2567 55.1 HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY 2573 55.3 THE FUTURE OF PSYCHIATRY 2583