Juvenile Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual (Laboratory & Field Manual) (Laboratory & Field Manual)

The need for a laboratory and field manual to assist with the evaluation of juvenile skeletal material is long overdue. This resource is essential for the practising osteoarchaeologist and forensic anthropologist who requires a quick, reliable and easy-to-use reference to aid in the identification, siding and aging of juvenile osseous material. While excellent reference books on juvenile osteology are currently available, no pre-existing source adequately fills this particular niche in the market. This field manual is designed with practicality as its primary directive. Descriptions of each bone contain 1) morphological characteristics useful for identification, 2) other elements with which the bone may be confused, 2) tips for siding, 3) illustrations of varying developmental phases, 4) data useful for ageing, and 5) a summary of developmental timings. Concise, bullet-style descriptions assist with quick retrieval of information. Unique to this manual is the presentation of data collected from a variety of populations, utilizing a range of observational methods, as an alternative to providing one overall aging summary that is derived from a compilation of many individual sources. This manual provides a host of data on a variety of populations to enable the user to select the reference most applicable to their needs. The final chapter combines information from each bone to provide a summary of developmental changes occurring at different life stages to act as an immediate 'ready reckoner' for the knowledgeable practitioner. It also provides forms useful for documenting juvenile material and diagrams to help with the recognition of commingled juvenile remains. The manual is a must for anyone responsible for the evaluation of juvenile osseous material through dry bone assessment, radiographs, sonograms, and or CT scans. *Identifies every component of the developing skeleton *Provides detailed analysis of juvenile skeletal remains and the development of bone as a tissue *Summarizes key morphological stages in the development of every bone *Provides data on a variety of populations to enable the user to select the reference most applicable to their needs *Focuses on practicality, with direct, bullet style descriptions *Provides forms for documenting juvenile material *Provides diagrams to help with the recognition of commingled juvenile remains *Final chapter provides summary of developmental changes occurring at different life stages to act as an immediate 'ready reckoner' for the practitioner 9780123746351 Front Cover 1 Juvenile Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual 4 Copyright Page 5 Dedication Page 6 Table of Contents 8 Preface 12 Chapter 1: The Head and Neck 14 The Fetal Skull 16 The Occipital 17 Metrics 22 Union Timings 27 Morphological Summary 28 The Temporal 29 Postnatal Growth and Fusion 32 Metrics 34 Morphological Summary 37 The Sphenoid 38 Principal Components 38 Metrics 41 Morphological Summary 44 The Parietal 45 Metrics 46 Morphological Summary 47 The Frontal 48 Metrics 49 Morphological Summary 51 The Nasal 52 Metrics 53 Morphological Summary 55 The Ethmoid 56 Morphological Summary 57 The Inferior Nasal Concha 58 Metrics 59 Morphological Summary 59 The Lacrimal 60 Morphological Summary 60 The Vomer 61 Metrics 62 Morphological Summary 63 The Zygomatic 64 Metrics 64 Morphological Summary 65 The Maxilla 66 Metrics 67 Morphological Summary 69 The Palatine 70 Metrics 71 Morphological Summary 73 The Mandible 74 Metrics 75 Morphological Summary 77 The Hyoid 78 Morphological Summary 79 Chapter 2: The Dentition 80 Dental Recording Systems 81 Example of Recording System 82 Cusp Terminology 82 Deciduous Dentition 83 Permanent Dentition 84 Incisors 85 Deciduous versus Permanent 85 Maxillary versus Mandibular 85 Central versus Lateral 85 Left versus Right 86 Canines 86 Deciduous versus Permanent 86 Maxillary versus Mandibular 86 Left versus Right 86 Premolars 87 Maxillary versus Mandibular Premolars 87 First versus Second Premolars 87 Left versus Right Premolars 88 Molars 88 Deciduous versus Permanent Molars 88 Maxillary versus Mandibular Molars 89 First versus Second Deciduous Molars 89 First, Second, or Third Permanent Molar 90 Left versus Right Molars 90 Metrics 92 Development 93 Emergence 104 Combined Methods 107 Chapter 3: The Vertebral Column 110 The Typical Vertebrae 111 Primary Centers 111 Secondary Centers 118 C1-The Atlas 119 Secondary Centers 120 Secondary Centers 122 The Sacrum 123 Secondary Centers 125 Metrics 126 Appearance and Union Times for Primary Centers 127 Epiphyseal Union Times 128 Overall Morphological Summary of the Vertebral Column 132 Morphological Summary C1 133 Morphological Summary C2 133 Morphological Summary C3-7 133 Morphological Summary T1-T12 134 Morphological Summary L1-L5 134 Morphological Summary Sacrum 134 Chapter 4: The Thorax 136 The Sternum 137 Appearance Timings 140 Union Times 141 Morphological Summary 147 The Ribs 148 Primary Centers 148 Metrics 151 Morphological Summary 151 Chapter 5: The Pectoral Girdle 152 The Clavicle 153 Primary Center 153 Shaft Metrics 155 Appearance and Union Times 158 Morphological Summary 163 The Scapula 164 Metrics 168 Union Times 172 Morphological Summary 177 Chapter 6: The Upper Limb 178 The Humerus 179 Shaft 179 Proximal Epiphysis 181 Distal Epiphyses 183 Metrics 184 Appearance Times 188 General Development and Union Times 189 Morphological Summary 196 The Radius 197 Shaft 197 Distal Epiphysis 199 Proximal Epiphysis 200 Shaft Metrics 201 Appearance Times 206 Union Times 207 Morphological Summary 212 The Ulna 213 Shaft 213 Proximal Epiphysis 215 Distal Epiphysis 216 Shaft Metrics 217 Appearance Times 221 Union Times 222 Morphological Summary 226 The Hand 227 Primary Centers 227 Shaft Metrics 235 Appearance Times 239 Overall Summary 241 Chapter 7: The Pelvic Girdle 242 Primary Centers 243 Ilium 243 Ischium 244 Pubis 245 Acetabular Changes with Age 246 Metrics 253 Appearance and Union Times 256 Morphological Summary 266 Chapter 8: The Lower Limb 268 The Femur 269 Shaft 269 Shaft Metrics 277 Appearance Times 281 Union Times 282 Morphological Summary 289 The Patella 290 The Tibia 291 Shaft 291 Shaft Metrics 297 Appearance Times 301 Union Times 302 Morphological Summary 308 The Fibula 309 Shaft 309 Distal Epiphysis 311 Proximal Epiphysis 312 Shaft Metrics 313 Appearance Times 316 Union Times 317 Morphological Summary 322 The Foot 323 Primary Centers 323 Shaft Metrics 342 Appearance Times 344 Union Times 346 Morphological Summary 347 Chapter 9: Summaries, Recording Forms, and Practical Sequencing Information 350 Summary Illustrations 351 Aging Forms 363 Prenatal Radiographic Aging Form 364 Postnatal Radiographic Aging Form 365 Perinatal to Adolescent Aging 366 Adolescent and Postadolescent Aging (years) 367 Adolescent and Postadolescent Aging 368 Skeletal Recording Forms 369 Skull Recording Forms 369 Perinatal Skeletal Recording Form 370 Early Childhood Skeletal Recording Form 371 Late Childhood Skeletal Recording Form 372 Perinatal Skull Recording Form 373 Early Childhood Skull Recording Form 374 Epiphyseal Sequencing: An Aid to Recognizing Commingled Remains 375 Background Information 375 How to Use the Sequence Trees 375 Index 378 #,Publisher:,Academic,Press,#,Number,Of,Pages:,384,#,Publication,Date:,2008-11-03,#,ISBN-10,/,ASIN:,0123746353 #,Publisher:,Academic Press,# Number Of Pages:,384,# Publication Date:,2008-11-03,# ISBN-10 / ASIN:,0123746353 The need for a laboratory and field manual to assist with the evaluation of juvenile skeletal material is long overdue. This resource is essential for the practising osteoarchaeologist and forensic anthropologist who requires a quick, reliable and easy-to-use reference to aid in the identification, siding and aging of juvenile osseous material. While excellent reference books on juvenile osteology are currently available, no pre-existing source adequately fills this particular niche in the market.

This field manual is designed with practicality as its primary directive. Descriptions of each bone contain 1) morphological characteristics useful for identification, 2) other elements with which the bone may be confused, 2) tips for siding, 3) illustrations of varying developmental phases, 4) data useful for ageing, and 5) a summary of developmental timings. Concise, bullet-style descriptions assist with quick retrieval of information.

Unique to this manual is the presentation of data collected from a variety of populations, utilizing a range of observational methods, as an alternative to providing one overall aging summary that is derived from a compilation of many individual sources. This manual provides a host of data on a variety of populations to enable the user to select the reference most applicable to their needs.

The final chapter combines information from each bone to provide a summary of developmental changes occurring at different life stages to act as an immediate 'ready reckoner' for the knowledgeable practitioner. It also provides forms useful for documenting juvenile material and diagrams to help with the recognition of commingled juvenile remains.

The manual is a must for anyone responsible for the evaluation of juvenile osseous material through dry bone assessment, radiographs, sonograms, and or CT scans.

*Identifies every component of the developing skeleton
*Provides detailed analysis of juvenile skeletal remains and the development of bone as a tissue
*Summarizes key morphological stages in the development of every bone
*Provides data on a variety of populations to enable the user to select the reference most applicable to their needs
*Focuses on practicality, with direct, bullet style descriptions
*Provides forms for documenting juvenile material
*Provides diagrams to help with the recognition of commingled juvenile remains
*Final chapter provides summary of developmental changes occurring at different life stages to act as an immediate 'ready reckoner' for the practitioner
"The identification of even the smallest fetal bone can be vital to the success of a criminal investigation or to the identification of the deceased. Juvenile Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual considers every bone in the human body, from its earliest embryological stage through to maturity, and is profusely illustrated with explicit bone drawings representing every critical stage of development."--Jacket