Jung and Shamanism in Dialogue: Retrieving the Soul, Retrieving the Sacred

In this highly original study, C. Michael Smith draws on phenomenological resources and hermeneutic dialogue to explore the affinities and distinctions between shamanism and Jungian psychology, both rooted ultimately in a heart-centered way of life, and both having highly intricate maps of the human psychic interiors. As the reader adventures through this book he or she will encounter shamanic initiation, dismemberments, disassociation, grief, despair, and soul loss, the healing power of ritual, ecstasy and other altered states. The book explores many rich topics including the role of talismans and amulets, the various levels of the collective unconscious, the archetypal and imaginal perspectives on such phenomena, and implications for psychotherapeutic practice today. In the new preface, the author argues that in the end “It isn’t the fascinating and powerful techniques that are the essential thing, but the person inside, its capacity to live from the hear in Earth-honoring and Nature – attuning ways that is the essential center of the Jung/shamanism interface.” The Heart of Jung and Shamanism 10 Preface to Second Edition 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 14 SERIES FOREWORD 15 Introduction 16 PLAN AND ORGANIZATION 19 Part One: SHAMANISM | Chapter One: Overview of Classic Shamanism 24 DEFINITIONS 24 CLASSIC SHAMANISM 26 METHODS OF RECRUITMENT 26 SHAMANISM: COSMOLOGY AND RELIGION 27 IMAGINAL COSMOLOGY: INVERTING MYTH AS MAP AND GUIDE 28 MAGICAL TREE AND AXIS MUNDI 29 HOW THE SHAMAN IMAGINES DISEASE 30 IMAGINATION AS CAUSE AND CURE OF SICKNESS 31 CHEROKEE USE OF IMAGERY IN CONCEIVING ILLNESS AND CURE 33 SHAMANIC SPECIALIZATION 36 ARE SHAMANS CRAZY? SHAMANISM AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 37 INITIATORY ORDEALS 39 RELATIONS WITH SPIRITS AND SHAMANIC CONTROL 40 FUNCTIONS AND TECHNIQUES OF ECSTASY 41 MINOR SHAMANIC FUNCTION 42 SHAMANIC PARAPHERNALIA 42 NORTH AMERICAN SHAMANISM 43 OBJECT INTRUSION AND SPIRIT INTRUSION 45 SOUL LOSS: DIAGNOSIS AND CURE 46 OTHER ASPECTS OF NORTH AMERICAN SHAMANISM 49 Chapter Two: Technician of the Sacred 50 SHAMANISM AND THE SACRED 50 ANIMISM 50 RUDOLF OTTO: THE SACRED IN ITS NON-RATIONAL ASPECTS 51 MYSTERY 52 FASCINATION 53 TREMENDUM: THE REPELLING/HORRIFIC COMPONENT 53 THE AMBIVALENT NATURE OF THE HOLY 54 EXPRESSION OF THE NUMEN 55 VAN DER LEEUW’S CONCEPT OF THE SACRED 56 THE SACRED AS POWER 56 SHAMANISM, HEALING, AND POWER 57 THINGS, POWER, AND SHAMANISM 58 TABOO AND POWER 59 ELIADE: THE SACRED AS ARCHAIC ONTOLOGY 60 NOSTALGIA FOR THE SACRED 61 CELESTIAL ARCHETYPES 61 THE PRESTIGE OF THE CENTER AND AXIS MUNDI 63 REPETITION 65 THE SACRED AND RITUAL PROCESS 66 SACRED SPACE AND RITUAL TRANSFORMATION 66 TRANSFORMATIVE PROCESS AND RITUAL LEADERSHIP 68 Part Two: JUNG AND SHAMANISM | Chapter Three: Jung the Wounded Healer 74 SOME SHAMANIC ELEMENTS OF JUNG’S LIFE 74 JUNG’S CHILDHOOD: THE WOUNDING OF A HEALER 76 LATE CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH: THE WOUND DEEPENS 79 YEARS OF APPRENTICESHIP 84 FATHER FREUD 88 SEPARATION AND SOUL LOSS 91 JUNG’S RITUAL ELDERS AND TRIBE 93 THE DESCENT: JOURNEY AND SPIRIT GUIDES 94 VISIONS OF THE DEAD 98 THE ANIMA: RECOVERING SOUL AT MIDLIFE 100 DISCOVERING THE GOAL AND RETURNING WITH THE BOON 105 WAS JUNG A SHAMAN? 107 Chapter Four: Jung’s Theory of the Soul 111 COMPARISONS AND CONTRASTS WITH SHAMANISM 111 THE ANCESTRAL AND ARCHAIC LAYERS OF THE SOUL 112 ARCHETYPES 115 ARCHETYPE AND NUMINOSITY 120 THE NUMINA: SHAMANIC AND JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVES 121 INDIVIDUATION AND THE RELIGIOUS OUTLOOK 124 INDIVIDUATION AND TRIBAL SOCIETIES 128 THE ARCHETYPAL SELF (THE INNER AXIS MUNDI) 130 MANDALAS: IMAGES OF SELF AS AXIS MUNDI 132 JUNG’S THEORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER 134 COMPLEXES: THE “LITTLE DEVILS” 135 MAKING COMPLEXES CONSCIOUS VS. SHAMANIC EXORCISM 141 FORMS OF COMPLEXES 143 WHAT IS THE STATUS OF SPIRIT GUIDES IN SEEING SHAMANICALLY? 144 THE SELF-SELF CONNECTION IN SHAMANIC SEEING 149 Chapter Five: Jung’s Interpretation of Shamanism 153 SHAMANISM AS A PRECURSOR TO JUNG’S ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 153 JUNG ON ALCHEMY AND SHAMANISM 155 THE STONE AS SACRED OBJECT 157 THE ALCHEMICAL TREE AND THE MAGICAL TREE OF THE SHAMAN AS SYMBOL OF ARCHETYPAL SELF 158 SHAMAN’S SELF AND THE SYMBOLISM OF THE INDIVIDUATION PROCESS 159 CELESTIAL BRIDE SYMBOLISM AND THE SHAMANIC ANIMA 160 THE SHAMAN AND ARCHAIC INDIVIDUATION 161 SHAMANIC TRANSFORMATION AND THE HERO ARCHETYPE 162 SHAMANIC INITIATION: TRANSFORMATION 163 SHAMAN: TRICKSTER 164 SHAMAN AS SHAPE-SHIFTER/EPISTEMOLOGICAL MEDIATOR 166 SHAMAN AS WOUNDED HEALER AND SAVIOR (SOTER) 167 JUNG ON SOUL LOSS, POSSESSION, AND EXORCISTIC RITES 167 RITUAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION 171 THE UNDERLYING ARCHETYPAL STRUCTURE OF SHAMANISM 172 Part Three: SOME IMPLICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 174 Chapter Six: Dissociation, Possession, and Soul Loss: Clinical and Theoretical Applications Today 176 DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER (MULTIPLE PERSONALITY) 176 WHAT IS MULTIPLE PERSONALITY? 178 ORIGINS OF MULTIPLICITY 179 THE THERAPY OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS TODAY 183 SHAMANIC RESOURCES FOR TREATING PATHOLOGIC DISSOCIATION TODAY I: COLIN ROSS, M.D., AND THE HYPNOTHERAPEUTIC ADAPTATIONS 186 SHAMANIC RESOURCES FOR TREATING PATHOLOGIC DISSOCIATION TODAY II: SANDRA INGERMAN’S CLASSIC SOUL RETRIEVAL 193 SOUL LOSS AND DISSOCIATION IN JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE 199 SOME PROBLEMS IN JUNG’S PERSPECTIVES 204 NOXIOUS ALTERS, POSSESSION, AND EXORCISM 206 POSSESSION AND RITUAL EXORCISM IN JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE 210 Chapter Seven: The Power of Ritual, Image, and Archetype to Bring About Profound Psychological and Spiritual Transformation 214 MASCULINE PUBERTY RITES AND RITUAL TRANSFORMATION 215 RITUAL AND THE BRAIN 218 RITUAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE WORLD IMAGE (THE COGNITIVE MAP) 220 RITUAL IMAGE AND BRAIN ASSYMETRY 225 THE REPTILIAN BRAIN AND THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS IN RITUAL 227 JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVES: RECONCILING WITH THE TWO-MILLION-YEAR-OLD PERSON INSIDE 230 THE MAGICIAN ARCHETYPE, RITUAL, AND NEUROBIOLOGY 234 Chapter Eight: Implications for the Future 242 TOWARD A POSTMODERN SHAMANISM 243 THE LOSS OF THE SENSE OF THE SACRED 245 SHAMANIC DIAGNOSIS OF WESTERN CULTURE: LOSS OF THE SACRED 247 THE FUNCTION OF MYTH AND RELIGION 250 NAVAJO USE OF MYTHIC HERO AND RITUAL HEALING 251 COMPARISONS OF NAVAJO AND JUNGIAN METHODS OF WORKING WITH IMAGES 252 JUNG’S ANSWER TO THE LOSS OF THE SENSE OF THE SACRED 253 Notes 256 CHAPTER ONE. OVERVIEW OF CLASSIC SHAMANISM 256 CHAPTER TWO. TECHNICIAN OF THE SACRED 259 CHAPTER THREE. JUNG THE WOUNDED HEALER 261 CHAPTER FOUR. JUNG’S THEORY OF THE SOUL 262 CHAPTER FIVE. JUNG’S INTERPRETATION OF SHAMANISM 265 CHAPTER SIX. DISSOCIATION, POSSESSION, AND SOUL LOSS 266 CHAPTER SEVEN. THE POWER OF RITUAL, IMAGE, AND ARCHETYPE 269 CHAPTER EIGHT. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE 271 Selected Bibliography 273 Pensamiento,Proceso creativo,Psicodelicos,Simbolos