جنگ داخلی ژولیوس سزار و شکل‌گیری واقعیتی نو

"In his Commentarii de Bello Civili Julius Caesar sought to re-invent his image and appear before his present and future readers in a way which he could control and at times manipulate. Offering a new interpretation of the Bellum Civile this book reveals the intricate literary world that Caesar creates using sophisticated techniques such as a studied choice of vocabulary, rearrangement of events, use of indirect speech, and more. Each of the three books of the work is examined independently to set out the gradual transformation of Caesar's literary persona, in step with his ascent in the 'real' world. By analysing the work from Caesar's viewpoint the author argues that by adroit presentation and manipulation of historical circumstances Caesar creates in his narrative a different reality, one in which his conduct is justified. The question of the res publica is also a key point of the volume, as it is in the Bellum Civile, and the author argues that Caesar purposely does not present himself as a Republican, contrary to commonly held views. Employing detailed philological analyses of Caesar's three books on the Civil War, this work significantly advances our understanding of Caesar as author and politician"-- Provided by publisher "Brought to Florence at the instance of Lorenzo de' Medici to become lector to the Dominican community at San Marco, Girolamo Savonarola would ultimately be responsible for the events that convulsed the city in the 1490s and led to the overthrow of the Medici themselves. Savonarola's apocalyptic sermons, preached from the pulpits of San Marco and the Duomo, predicted dire consequences for a sinful Florence, a scourging, if the Florentines did not mend their ways and form themselves into a commonwealth for God. Fully in the ascendant by 1495, Savonarola increasingly used his platform in Florence to urge a renewal of the entire Church, a renovatio ecclesiae that implicated the papacy as a particular impediment to reform. He was accused of heresy and eventually excommunicated by the Borgia pope, Alexander VI, on 13 May 1497. Savonarola refused to acknowledge the validity of the excommunication and defended himself against the charges. But he was soon arrested by the Florentine Signoria--the city's highest magistracy--at the pope's behest. He was then brought to trial for falsely claiming to have seen visions and uttered prophecies, for religious error, and sedition. In a few days it was all over. Girolamo Savonarola was hanged and burned, together with two of his Dominican disciples from San Marco, in Florence's Piazza della Signoria on 23 May 1498, still professing adherence to the Church. Girolamo Savonarola's self-defense, like his visionary teaching, was preached from the pulpits of Florence, but was also carried on through a series of writings. The works presented in this volume were all written by the friar during the dramatic months leading up to his death, as he ever more desperately defended his actions to those who were ranged against him"--Provided by publisher Title Page 4 Copyright 5 Table of Contents 6 Preface 8 List of Abbreviations 10 Introduction 12 Part I: Bellum Civile I 22 1 The Six Opening Chapters 24 2 Pompey and the Pompeians in Bellum Civile I 30 3 Rei Publicae Causa? 52 4 Omissions and Manipulations in Bellum Civile I 70 5 Civil War and the Ending of Bellum Civile I 78 Part II: Bellum Civile II 84 6 The Uniqueness of Bellum Civile II 86 7 Caesaris Miles 94 8 The Pompeians in Bellum Civile II 108 9 Civil War and the Ending of Bellum Civile II 116 Part III: Bellum Civile III 122 10 The Triumph of Caesar 124 11 Pompey and the Pompeians in Bellum Civile III 140 12 Civil War and the Ending of Bellum Civile III 164 Conclusion 174 Appendix: Writing and Publication of the Bellum Civile 178 Bibliography 194 Index 208