Judith of West Francia, Carolingian Princess and First Countess of Flanders: Biographical Elements and Legacy

Judith of West Francia is one of the most enigmatic of Charlemagne’s early descendants. The daughter of the king of West Francia and future emperor Charles the Bald and his wife Ermentrude, she was one of only a handful of Carolingian princesses who were destined for marriage. Over the course of her teenage years she married two successive kings of Wessex, became the first consecrated queen of England, was widowed twice, returned to Francia with an immense dowry, and sparked a major diplomatic incident when she eloped with a nobleman from Flanders called Baldwin. Eventually she married Baldwin in early 864, and together they established the dynasty of the counts of Flanders. In doing so the couple laid the groundwork for what would become one of the mightiest and most prestigious territorial principalities in north-western Europe in the tenth and eleventh centuries. But even in the tenth century, exceedingly few written memories of Judith’s life survived. This explains why she was never the subject of a biography in the medieval or early modern eras, and why scholarship’s understanding of her life and legacy remains highly fragmented. This volume sets the record straight, offering an accessible and interdisciplinary discussion of all relevant and documented aspects of Judith’s life and legacy. Acknowledgements Abbreviations Notes on Contributors Introduction. Steven Vanderputten Chapter 1. A Princess on the Run. Judith’s ‘Abduction’ by Count Baldwin. Charles West Chapter 2. The Question of the Emergence and Early Development of the County of Flanders. Brigitte Meijns Chapter 3. The Early Countesses of Flanders. Profile and Power. Els De Paermentier Chapter 4. From History to Romance. Judith’s Consent in Late Medieval Flemish Chronicles. Lisa Demets Chapter 5. Looking for Judith’s Burial Place. Memory and Oblivion in a Flemish Dynastic Necropolis (Saint-Peter’s Abbey, Ghent). Georges Declercq Chapter 6. An Elite Necropolis at Saint-Peter’s Abbey in Ghent. Geert Vermeiren and Marie-Anne Bru Chapter 7. ‘Judith’ and the Six Other Unknowns. A Biomolecular and Physical Anthropological Study. Isabelle De Groote, Jessica L. A. Palmer, Prudence Robert, IJk van Hattum, Maïté Rivollat, Samuel Bodé, Kasper Hobin, Frank Vanhaecke, Alexandra Burnett, Maarten Dhaenens, and Mathieu Boudin Appendix 1. List of Cited Charters from the Sawyer and Diplomata Belgica Databases Appendix 2. Narrative Structure of Late Medieval Accounts of Judith’s Abduction as Discussed in Chapter 5 Appendix 3. Technical Descriptions of Methods Used for the Biomolecular and Physical Anthropological Study as Discussed in Chapter 7 Bibliography