Judicial Council of California Civil Jury Instructions (CACI), 2009 Edition, Volumes I and II

Judicial Council of California Civil Jury Instructions (CACI), 2009 Edition, Volume I......Page 1 copyright......Page 2 Contents......Page 3 100 et seq.. Pretrial......Page 10 100. Preliminary Admonitions......Page 11 101. Overview of Trial......Page 15 102. Taking Notes During the Trial......Page 18 103. Superseded - See Supplement......Page 20 104. Nonperson Party......Page 21 105. Insurance......Page 22 106. Evidence......Page 24 107. Witnesses......Page 26 109. Removal of Claims or Parties......Page 31 110. Service Provider for Juror With Disability......Page 33 111. Instruction to Alternate Jurors......Page 35 112. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 37 200 et seq. Evidence......Page 40 200. Obligation to Prove—More Likely True Than Not True......Page 41 201. More Likely True—Clear and Convincing Proof......Page 43 202. Direct and Indirect Evidence......Page 45 203. Party Having Power to Produce Better Evidence......Page 47 204. Willful Suppression of Evidence......Page 48 205. Failure to Explain or Deny Evidence......Page 50 206. Evidence Admitted for Limited Purpose......Page 51 207. Evidence Applicable to One Party......Page 53 208. Deposition as Substantive Evidence......Page 54 209. Use of Interrogatories of a Party......Page 56 210. Requests for Admissions......Page 57 211. Prior Conviction of a Felony......Page 59 212. Statements of a Party Opponent......Page 60 213. Adoptive Admissions......Page 62 214. Admissions by Silence......Page 64 215. Exercise of a Communication Privilege......Page 67 216. Exercise of Witness’ Right Not to Testify......Page 69 217. Evidence of Settlement......Page 72 218. Statements Made to Physician (Previously ExistingCondition......Page 74 219. Expert Witness Testimony......Page 76 220. Experts—Questions Containing Assumed Facts......Page 78 221. Conflicting Expert Testimony......Page 80 222. Evidence of Sliding-Scale Settlement......Page 81 223. Opinion Testimony of Lay Witness......Page 83 224. Testimony of Child......Page 85 300 et seq. Contracts......Page 88 300. Breach of Contract—Introduction......Page 90 301. Third-Party Beneficiary......Page 92 302. Contract Formation—Essential Factual Elements......Page 95 303. Breach of Contract—Essential Factual Elements......Page 99 304. Oral or Written Contract Terms......Page 102 305. Implied-in-Fact Contract......Page 104 306. Unformalized Agreement......Page 106 307. Contract Formation—Offer......Page 108 308. Contract Formation—Revocation of Offer......Page 110 309. Contract Formation—Acceptance......Page 112 310. Contract Formation—Acceptance by Silence......Page 114 311. Contract Formation—Rejection of Offer......Page 116 312. Substantial Performance......Page 118 313. Modification......Page 121 314. Interpretation—Disputed Term......Page 123 315. Interpretation—Meaning of Ordinary Words......Page 125 316. Interpretation—Meaning of Technical Words......Page 127 317. Interpretation—Construction of Contract as a Whole......Page 128 318. Interpretation—Construction by Conduct......Page 129 319. Interpretation—Reasonable Time......Page 131 320. Interpretation—Construction Against Drafter......Page 133 321. Existence of Condition Precedent Disputed......Page 135 322. Occurrence of Agreed Condition Precedent......Page 137 323. Waiver of Condition Precedent......Page 139 324. Anticipatory Breach......Page 141 325. Breach of Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing—Essential Factual Elements......Page 143 326. Assignment Contested......Page 146 327. Assignment Not Contested......Page 148 330. Affirmative Defense—Unilateral Mistake of Fact......Page 150 331. Affirmative Defense—Bilateral Mistake......Page 153 332. Affirmative Defense—Duress[......Page 155 333. Affirmative Defense—Economic Duress......Page 158 334. Affirmative Defense—Undue Influence......Page 160 335. Affirmative Defense—Fraud......Page 163 336. Affirmative Defense—Waiver......Page 166 337. Affirmative Defense—Novation......Page 168 338. Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations......Page 171 350. Introduction to Contract Damages......Page 173 351. Special Damages......Page 178 352. Loss of Profits—No Profits Earned......Page 181 353. Loss of Profits—Some Profits Earned......Page 184 354. Owner’s/Lessee’s Damages for Breach of Contract to Construct Improvements on Real Property......Page 188 355. Obligation to Pay Money Only......Page 191 356. Buyer’s Damages for Breach of Contract for Sale of Real Property......Page 193 357. Seller’s Damages for Breach of Contract to Purchase Real Property......Page 196 358. Mitigation of Damages......Page 199 359. Present Cash Value of Future Damages......Page 201 360. Nominal Damages......Page 203 361. Plaintiff May Not Recover Duplicate Contract and Tort Damages......Page 204 370. Common Count: Money Had and Received......Page 206 371. Common Count: Goods and Services Rendered......Page 209 372. Common Count: Open Book Account......Page 212 373. Common Count: Account Stated......Page 216 374. Common Count: Mistaken Receipt......Page 219 VF-300. Breach of Contract......Page 222 VF-301. Breach of Contract—Affirmative Defense—Unilateral Mistake of Fact......Page 225 VF-302. Breach of Contract—Affirmative Defense—Duress......Page 227 VF-303. Breach of Contract—Contract Formation at Issue......Page 229 400 et seq. Negligence......Page 232 400. Essential Factual Elements......Page 234 401. Basic Standard of Care......Page 236 402. Standard of Care for Minors......Page 238 403. Standard of Care for Physically Disabled Person......Page 240 404. Intoxication......Page 242 405. Plaintiff’s Contributory Negligence......Page 243 406. Apportionment of Responsibility......Page 245 407. Decedent’s Contributory Negligence......Page 249 408. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 251 409. Liability of Instructors, Trainers, or Coaches......Page 255 410. Parental Liability (Nonstatutory)......Page 258 411. Reliance on Good Conduct of Others......Page 261 412. Duty of Care Owed Children......Page 263 413. Custom or Practice......Page 265 414. Amount of Caution Required in Dangerous Situations......Page 267 415. Employee Required to Work in Dangerous Situations......Page 269 416. Amount of Caution Required in Transmitting Electric Power......Page 271 417. Special Doctrines: Res ipsa loquitur......Page 272 418. Presumption of Negligence per se......Page 276 419. Presumption of Negligence per se (Causation Only atIssue)......Page 279 420. Negligence per se: Rebuttal of the Presumption of Negligence (Violation Excused)......Page 281 421. Negligence per se: Rebuttal of the Presumption of Negligence (Violation of Minor Excused)......Page 283 422. Sale of Alcoholic Beverages to Obviously Intoxicated Minors (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 25602.1)......Page 285 423. Public Entity Liability for Failure to Perform Mandatory Duty......Page 288 424. Negligence Not Contested—Essential Factual Elements......Page 291 430. Causation: Substantial Factor......Page 296 431. Causation: Multiple Causes......Page 300 432. Causation: Third-Party Conduct as Superseding Cause......Page 302 433. Causation: Intentional Tort/Criminal Act as Superseding Cause......Page 306 434. Alternative Causation......Page 308 435. Causation for Asbestos-Related Cancer Claims......Page 310 450. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 313 451. Express Assumption of Risk......Page 316 452. Sudden Emergency......Page 319 453. Rescue......Page 321 454. Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations......Page 323 455. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 326 456. Defendant Estopped From Asserting Statute of Limitations Defense......Page 331 460. Strict Liability for Ultrahazardous Activities—Essential Factual Elements......Page 336 461. Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Wild Animal—Essential Factual Elements......Page 339 462. Strict Liability for Injury Caused by Domestic Animal With Dangerous Propensities—Essential Factual Elements......Page 341 463. Dog Bite Statute (Civ. Code, § 3342)—Essential Factual Elements......Page 344 VF-400. Negligence—Single Defendant......Page 347 VF-401. Negligence—Single Defendant—Plaintiff’s Negligence at Issue—Fault of Others Not at Issue......Page 349 VF-402. Negligence—Fault of Plaintiff and Others at Issue......Page 352 VF-403. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 356 VF-404. Liability of Instructors, Trainers, or Coaches......Page 358 VF-405. Parental Liability (Nonstatutory)......Page 360 VF-406. Negligence—Sale of Alcoholic Beverages toObviously Intoxicated Minor......Page 363 VF-407. Strict Liability—Ultrahazardous Activities......Page 366 VF-408. Strict Liability for Domestic Animal With Dangerous Propensities......Page 369 VF-409. Dog Bite Statute (Civ. Code, § 3342)......Page 372 VF-410. Statute of Limitations—Delayed Discovery—Reasonable Investigation Would Not HaveDisclosed Pertinent Facts......Page 374 500 et seq. Medical Negligence......Page 376 500. Essential Factual Elements......Page 378 501. Standard of Care for Health Care Professionals......Page 380 502. Standard of Care for Medical Specialists......Page 383 503A. Psychotherapist’s Duty to Protect Intended Victim From Patient’s Threat......Page 385 503B. Affirmative Defense—Psychotherapist’s Warning to Victim and Law Enforcement......Page 388 504. Standard of Care for Nurses......Page 390 505. Success Not Required......Page 392 506. Alternative Methods of Care......Page 394 507. Duty to Warn Patient......Page 396 508. Duty to Refer to a Specialist......Page 398 509. Abandonment of Patient......Page 399 510. Derivative Liability of Surgeon......Page 401 511. Wrongful Birth—Sterilization/Abortion—Essential Factual Elements......Page 404 512. Wrongful Birth—Essential Factual Elements......Page 406 513. Wrongful Life—Essential Factual Elements......Page 409 514. Duty of Hospital......Page 411 515. Duty of Hospital to Provide Safe Environment......Page 414 516. Duty of Hospital to Screen Medical Staff......Page 415 517. Affirmative Defense—Patient’s Duty to Provide for His or Her Own Well-Being......Page 416 518. Medical Malpractice: Res ipsa loquitur......Page 418 530A. Medical Battery......Page 423 530B. Medical Battery—Conditional Consent......Page 426 531. Consent on Behalf of Another......Page 428 532. Informed Consent—Definition......Page 430 533. Failure to Obtain Informed Consent—Essential FactualElements......Page 433 534. Informed Refusal—Definition......Page 435 535. Risks of Nontreatment—Essential Factual Elements......Page 437 550. Affirmative Defense—Plaintiff Would Have Consented......Page 439 551. Affirmative Defense—Waiver......Page 440 552. Affirmative Defense—Simple Procedure......Page 442 553. Affirmative Defense—Emotional State of Patient......Page 444 554. Affirmative Defense—Emergency......Page 446 VF-500. Medical Negligence......Page 448 VF-501. Medical Negligence—Informed Consent—Affirmative Defense—Plaintiff Would Have Consented Even If Informed......Page 450 VF-502. Medical Negligence—Informed Consent—Affirmative Defense—Emergency......Page 453 600 et seq. Professional Negligence......Page 456 600. Standard of Care......Page 457 601. Damages for Negligent Handling of Legal Matter......Page 461 602. Success Not Required......Page 463 603. Alternative Legal Decisions or Strategies......Page 465 604. Referral to Legal Specialist......Page 466 610. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 468 611. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 473 700 et seq. Motor Vehicles and Highway Safety......Page 478 700. Basic Standard of Care......Page 479 701. Definition of Right-of-Way......Page 481 702. Waiver of Right-of-Way......Page 483 703. Definition of “Immediate Hazard”......Page 484 704. Left Turns (Veh. Code, § 21801)......Page 486 705. Turning (Veh. Code, § 22107)......Page 488 706. Basic Speed Law (Veh. Code, § 22350)......Page 490 707. Speed Limit (Veh. Code, § 22352)......Page 492 708. Maximum Speed Limit (Veh. Code, §§ 22349, 22356)......Page 494 709. Driving Under the Influence (Veh. Code, §§ 23152,23153)......Page 495 710. Duties of Care for Pedestrians and Drivers......Page 497 711. The Passenger’s Duty of Care for Own Safety......Page 498 712. Affirmative Defense—Failure to Wear a Seat Belt......Page 500 720. Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Permissive Use ofVehicle......Page 503 721. Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Affirmative Defense—Use Beyond Scope of Permission......Page 508 722. Adult’s Liability for Minor’s Permissive Use of Motor Vehicle......Page 510 723. Liability of Cosigner of Minor’s Application for Driver’s License......Page 512 724. Negligent Entrustment of Motor Vehicle......Page 515 730. Emergency Vehicle Exemption (Veh. Code, § 21055)......Page 519 731. Definition of “Emergency” (Veh. Code, § 21055)......Page 523 VF-700. Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Permissive Use of Vehicle......Page 525 VF-701. Motor Vehicle Owner Liability—Permissive Use of Vehicle—Affirmative Defense—Use Beyond Scope of Permission......Page 526 VF-702. Adult’s Liability for Minor’s Permissive Use of MotorVehicle......Page 528 VF-703. Liability of Cosigner of Minor’s Application for Driver’s License......Page 530 VF-704. Negligent Entrustment of Motor Vehicle......Page 533 800 et seq. Railroad Crossings......Page 536 800. Basic Standard of Care for Railroads......Page 537 801. Duty to Comply With Safety Regulations......Page 539 803. Regulating Speed......Page 541 804. Lookout for Crossing Traffic......Page 543 805. Installing Warning Systems......Page 545 806. Contributory Negligence—Duty to Approach Crossing With Care......Page 547 900 et seq. Common Carriers......Page 550 900. Introductory Instruction......Page 551 901. Status of Common Carrier Disputed......Page 553 902. Duty of Common Carrier......Page 556 903. Duty to Provide and Maintain Safe Equipment......Page 558 904. Duty of Common Carrier Toward Disabled/Infirm Passengers......Page 561 905. Duty of Common Carrier Toward Minor Passengers......Page 562 906. Duty of Passenger for Own Safety......Page 563 907. Status of Passenger Disputed......Page 564 908. Duty to Protect Passengers From Assault......Page 566 1000 et seq. Premises Liability......Page 568 1000. Essential Factual Elements......Page 569 1001. Basic Duty of Care......Page 571 1002. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 574 1003. Unsafe Conditions......Page 576 1004. Obviously Unsafe Conditions......Page 579 1005. Business Proprietor’s Liability for the Negligent/Intentional/Criminal Conduct of Others......Page 581 1006. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 584 1007. Sidewalk Abutting Property......Page 588 1008. Liability for Adjacent Altered Sidewalk—Essential Factual Elements......Page 589 1009A. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 591 1009B. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 594 1009C. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 597 1010. Affirmative Defense—Recreation Immunity (Civ. Code, § 846)......Page 600 1011. Constructive Notice Regarding Dangerous Conditions on Property......Page 605 1012. Knowledge of Employee Imputed to Owner......Page 608 VF-1000. Premises Liability—Comparative Negligence of Others Not at Issue......Page 610 VF-1001. Premises Liability—Affirmative Defense—Recreation Immunity......Page 612 VF-1002. Premises Liability—Contributory Negligence of Plaintiff at Issue......Page 615 1100 et seq. Dangerous Condition of Public Property......Page 618 1100. Dangerous Condition on Public Property—Essential Factual Elements (Gov. Code, § 835)......Page 619 1101. Control......Page 623 1102. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 625 1103. Notice (Gov. Code, § 835.2)......Page 628 1104. Inspection System (Gov. Code, § 835.2(b)(1) & (2))......Page 630 1110. Affirmative Defense—Natural Conditions (Gov. Code, § 831.2)......Page 632 1111. Affirmative Defense—Condition Created by Reasonable Act or Omission (Gov. Code, § 835.4(a))......Page 634 1112. Affirmative Defense—Reasonable Act or Omission to Correct (Gov. Code, § 835.4(b))......Page 637 1120. Failure to Provide Traffic Control Signals (Gov. Code, § 830.4)......Page 639 1121. Failure to Provide Traffic Warning Signals, Signs, or Markings (Gov. Code, § 830.8)......Page 641 1122. Affirmative Defense—Weather Conditions Affecting Streets and Highways (Gov. Code, § 831)......Page 643 1123. Loss of Design Immunity (Cornette)......Page 645 VF-1100. Dangerous Condition of Public Property......Page 648 VF-1101. Dangerous Condition of Public Property—Affirmative Defense—Reasonable Act or Omission (Gov. Code, § 835.4)......Page 651 1200 et seq. Products Liability......Page 656 1200. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 658 1201. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 660 1202. Strict Liability—“Manufacturing Defect” Explained......Page 663 1203. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 664 1204. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 667 1205. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 670 1206. Strict Liability—Failure to Warn—Products Containing Allergens (Not Prescription Drugs)—Essential Factual Elements......Page 675 1207. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 677 1220. Negligence—Essential Factual Elements......Page 680 1221. Negligence—Basic Standard of Care......Page 682 1222. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 685 1223. Negligence—Recall/Retrofit......Page 688 1224. Negligence—Negligence for Product Rental/Standard of Care......Page 690 1230. Express Warranty—Essential Factual Elements......Page 692 1231. Implied Warranty of Merchantability—Essential Factual Elements......Page 696 1232. Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose—Essential Factual Elements......Page 701 1233. Implied Warranty of Merchantability for Food—Essential Factual Elements......Page 704 1240. Affirmative Defense to Express Warranty—Not “Basis of Bargain”......Page 707 1241. Affirmative Defense—Exclusion or Modification of Express Warranty......Page 708 1242. Affirmative Defense—Exclusion of Implied Warranties......Page 710 1243. Notification/Reasonable Time......Page 713 1244. Affirmative Defense—Sophisticated User......Page 715 VF-1200. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 717 VF-1201. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 721 VF-1202. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 724 VF-1203. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 727 VF-1204. Products Liability—Negligence—Plaintiff’s Contributory Negligence at Issue......Page 730 VF-1205. Products Liability—Negligent Failure to Warn......Page 733 VF-1206. Products Liability—Express Warranty—Affirmative Defense—Not “Basis of Bargain”......Page 735 VF-1207. Products Liability—Implied Warranty of Merchantability—Affirmative Defense—Exclusion of Implied Warranties......Page 739 VF-1208. Products Liability—Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose......Page 742 1300 et seq. Assault and Battery......Page 746 1300. Battery—Essential Factual Elements......Page 747 1301. Assault—Essential Factual Elements......Page 750 1302. Consent Explained......Page 752 1303. Invalid Consent......Page 754 1304. Self-Defense/Defense of Others......Page 756 1305. Battery by Peace Officer......Page 758 1306. Sexual Battery—Essential Factual Elements......Page 761 1320. Intent......Page 764 1321. Transferred Intent......Page 765 VF-1300. Battery......Page 766 VF-1301. Battery—Self-Defense/Defense of Others at Issue......Page 769 VF-1302. Assault......Page 772 VF-1303. Battery by Peace Officer......Page 775 1400 et seq. False Imprisonment......Page 778 1400. Essential Factual Elements—No Arrest Involved......Page 779 1401. Essential Factual Elements—False Arrest Without Warrant by Peace Officer......Page 782 1402. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 784 1403. Essential Factual Elements—False Arrest Without Warrant by Private Citizen......Page 787 1404. False Arrest Without Warrant—Affirmative Defense—Private Citizen—Probable Cause to Arrest......Page 789 1405. Essential Factual Elements—False Arrest With Warrant......Page 791 1406. False Arrest With Warrant—Peace Officer—Affirmative Defense—“Good-Faith” Exception......Page 793 1407. Essential Factual Elements—Unnecessary Delay in Processing/Releasing......Page 795 1408. Affirmative Defense—Police Officer’s Lawful Authority to Detain......Page 798 1409. Common Law Right to Detain for Investigation......Page 800 VF-1400. False Imprisonment—No Arrest Involved......Page 802 VF-1401. False Imprisonment—No Arrest Involved—Affirmative Defense—Right to Detain for Investigation......Page 805 VF-1402. False Arrest Without Warrant......Page 808 VF-1403. False Arrest Without Warrant by Peace Officer—Affirmative Defense—Probable Cause to Arrest......Page 810 VF-1404. False Arrest Without Warrant by Private Citizen—Affirmative Defense—Probable Cause to Arrest......Page 813 VF-1405. False Arrest With Warrant......Page 816 VF-1406. False Arrest With Warrant—Peace Officer—Affirmative Defense—“Good-Faith” Exception......Page 819 VF-1407. False Imprisonment—Unnecessary Delay in Processing/Releasing......Page 822 1500 et seq. Malicious Prosecution......Page 826 1500. Former Criminal Proceeding......Page 827 1501. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 833 1502. Wrongful Use of Administrative Proceedings......Page 841 1503. Reasonable Grounds......Page 846 1504. Favorable Termination......Page 847 1505. Affirmative Defense—Reliance on Counsel......Page 848 1506. Public Entities and Employees (Gov. Code, § 821.6)......Page 849 1520. Abuse of Process—Essential Factual Elements......Page 851 VF-1500. Malicious Prosecution—Former Criminal Proceeding......Page 855 VF-1501. Malicious Prosecution—Wrongful Use of Civil Proceedings......Page 857 VF-1502. Malicious Prosecution—Wrongful Use of Civil Proceedings—Affirmative Defense—Reliance on Counsel......Page 859 VF-1503. Malicious Prosecution—Wrongful Use of Administrative Proceedings......Page 862 VF-1504. Abuse of Process......Page 865 1600 et seq . Emotional Distress......Page 868 1600. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Essential Factual Elements......Page 869 1601. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS......Page 872 1602. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—“Outrageous Conduct” Defined......Page 875 1603. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—“Reckless Disregard” Defined......Page 877 1604. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—“Severe Emotional Distress” Defined......Page 879 1605. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Affirmative Defense—Privileged Conduct......Page 881 1620. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Direct Victim—Essential Factual Elements......Page 883 1621. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Bystander—Essential Factual Elements......Page 886 1622. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS......Page 889 1623. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS—Malicious, Oppressive, or Fraudulent Conduct......Page 892 VF-1600. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress......Page 896 VF-1601. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Affirmative Defense—Privileged Conduct......Page 899 VF-1602. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS......Page 902 VF-1603. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Direct Victim......Page 905 VF-1604. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Bystander......Page 907 VF-1605. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS......Page 910 VF-1606. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Fear of Cancer, HIV, or AIDS—Malicious, Oppressive, or Fraudulent Conduct......Page 913 1700 et seq. Defamation......Page 916 1700. Defamation per se—Essential Factual Elements (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)......Page 917 1701. Defamation per quod—Essential Factual Elements (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)......Page 924 1702. Defamation per se—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Public Concern)......Page 928 1703. Defamation per quod—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Public Concern)......Page 933 1704. Defamation per se—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Private Concern)......Page 937 1705. Defamation per quod—Essential Factual Elements (Private Figure—Matter of Private Concern)......Page 941 1706. Definition of Statement......Page 945 1707. Fact Versus Opinion......Page 947 1708. Coerced Self-Publication......Page 949 1720. Affirmative Defense—Truth......Page 951 1721. Affirmative Defense—Consent......Page 952 1722. Retraction: Newspaper or Broadcast (Civ. Code, § 48a)......Page 953 1723. Qualified Privilege (Civ. Code, § 47(c))......Page 956 VF-1700. Defamation per se (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)......Page 958 VF-1701. Defamation per quod (Public Officer/Figure and Limited Public Figure)......Page 961 1800 et seq. Right of Privacy......Page 982 1800. Intrusion Into Private Affairs......Page 983 1801. Public Disclosure of Private Facts......Page 986 1802. False Light......Page 990 1803. Appropriation of Name or Likeness......Page 994 1804A. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 997 1804B. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 1000 1805. Affirmative Defense to Use or Appropriation of Name or Likeness—First Amendment (Comedy III)......Page 1005 1807. Affirmative Defense—Invasion of Privacy Justified......Page 1008 1808. Stalking (Civ. Code, § 1708.7)......Page 1010 1809. Recording of Confidential Information (Pen. Code, §§ 632, 637.2)......Page 1014 1820. Damages......Page 1017 1821. Damages Under Civil Code Section 3344......Page 1021 VF-1800. Privacy—Intrusion Into Private Affairs......Page 1024 VF-1801. Privacy—Public Disclosure of Private Facts......Page 1026 VF-1802. Privacy—False Light......Page 1029 VF-1803. Privacy—Appropriation of Name or Likeness......Page 1032 VF-1804. Privacy—Use of Name or Likeness (Civ. Code,§ 3344)......Page 1034 VF-1807. Privacy—Recording of Confidential Information (Pen. Code, §§ 632, 637.2)......Page 1037 1900 et seq. Fraud or Deceit......Page 1040 1900. Intentional Misrepresentation......Page 1041 1901. Concealment......Page 1045 1902. False Promise......Page 1049 1903. Negligent Misrepresentation......Page 1051 1904. Opinions as Statements of Fact......Page 1054 1905. Definition of Important Fact/Promise......Page 1057 1906. Misrepresentations Made to Persons Other Than the Plaintiff......Page 1059 1907. Reliance......Page 1061 1920. Buyer’s Damages for Purchase or Acquisition of Property......Page 1065 1921. Buyer’s Damages for Purchase or Acquisition of Property—Lost Profits......Page 1069 1922. Seller’s Damages for Sale or Exchange of Property......Page 1071 1923. Damages—“Out of Pocket” Rule......Page 1076 1924. Damages—Benefit-of-the-Bargain Rule......Page 1079 1925. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 1082 VF-1900. Intentional Misrepresentation......Page 1085 VF-1901. Concealment......Page 1088 VF-1902. False Promise......Page 1091 VF-1903. Negligent Misrepresentation......Page 1094 2000 et seq. Trespass......Page 1098 2000. Trespass......Page 1099 2001. Trespass—Extrahazardous Activities......Page 1104 2002. Trespass to Timber (Civ. Code, § 3346; Code Civ. Proc., § 733)......Page 1106 2003. Treble Damages—Timber......Page 1109 2004. Intentional Entry Explained......Page 1111 2005. Affirmative Defense—Necessity......Page 1113 2020. Public Nuisance—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1115 2021. Private Nuisance—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1120 2030. Affirmative Defense—Statute of Limitations—Trespassor Private Nuisance......Page 1125 VF-2000. Trespass......Page 1130 VF-2001. Trespass—Affirmative Defense—Necessity......Page 1133 VF-2002. Trespass—Extrahazardous Activities......Page 1136 VF-2003. Trespass to Timber (Civ. Code, § 3346; Code Civ. Proc., § 733)......Page 1139 VF-2004. Trespass to Timber (Civ. Code, § 3346; Code Civ. Proc., § 733)—Treble Damages Sought......Page 1142 VF-2005. Public Nuisance......Page 1145 VF-2006. Private Nuisance......Page 1148 2100 et seq. Conversion......Page 1152 2100. Superseded - See Supplement ......Page 1153 2101. Trespass to Chattels—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1157 2102. Presumed Measure of Damages for Conversion (Civ. Code, § 3336)......Page 1160 VF-2100. Conversion......Page 1166 2200 et seq. Economic Interference......Page 1168 2200. Inducing Breach of Contract......Page 1169 2201. Intentional Interference With Contractual Relations......Page 1172 2202. Intentional Interference With Prospective EconomicRelations......Page 1175 2203. Intent......Page 1180 2204. Negligent Interference With Prospective Economic Relations......Page 1181 VF-2200. Inducing Breach of Contract......Page 1185 VF-2201. Intentional Interference With Contractual Relations......Page 1188 VF-2202. Intentional Interference With Prospective Economic Relations......Page 1191 VF-2203. Negligent Interference With Prospective Economic Relations......Page 1194 2300 et seq. Insurance Litigation......Page 1198 2300. Breach of Contractual Duty to Pay a Covered Claim—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1200 2301. Breach of Insurance Binder—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1202 2302. Breach of Contract for Temporary Life Insurance—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1206 2303. Affirmative Defense—Insurance Policy Exclusion......Page 1208 2304. Exception to Insurance Policy Exclusion—Burden o fProof......Page 1209 2305. Lost or Destroyed Insurance Policy......Page 1210 2306. Covered and Excluded Risks—Predominant Cause of Loss......Page 1213 2307. Insurance Agency Relationship Disputed......Page 1216 2308. Rescission for Misrepresentation or Concealment in Insurance Application—Essential Factual Elements......Page 1219 2309. Termination of Insurance Policy for Fraudulent Claim......Page 1223 2320. Affirmative Defense—Failure to Provide Timely Notice......Page 1226 2321. Affirmative Defense—Insured’s Breach of Duty to Cooperate in Defense......Page 1229 2322. Affirmative Defense—Insured’s Voluntary Payment......Page 1232 2330. Implied Obligation of Good Faith and Fair Dealing Explained