Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer's pathology of domestic animals volume 3

With an emphasis on the disease conditions of dogs, cats, horses, swine, cattle and small ruminants, Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals, 6th Edition continues its long tradition of being the most comprehensive reference book on common domestic mammal pathology. Using a body systems approach, veterinary pathology experts provide overviews of general system characteristics, reactions to insult, and disease conditions that are broken down by type of infectious or toxic insult affecting the anatomical subdivisions of each body system. The sixth edition now boasts a new full-color design, including more than 2,000 high-resolution images of normal and abnormal organs, tissues, and cells. Updated content also includes evolved coverage of disease agents such as the Schmallenberg virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and the porcine deltacoronavirus; plus new information on molecular-based testing, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in-situ hybridization, keep you abreast of the latest diagnostic capabilities. Updated content includes new and evolving pathogens and diagnostic techniques. Updated bibliographies give readers new entry points into the rapidly expanding literature on each subject. NEW! High-resolution color images clearly depict the diagnostic features of hundreds of conditions. NEW! Introduction to the Diagnostic Process chapter illustrates the whole animal perspective and details the approaches to systemic, multi-system, and polymicrobial disease. NEW! Coverage of camelids is now included in the reference’s widened scope of species. NEW! Team of 30+ expert contributors offers the latest perspective on the continuum of issues in veterinary pathology. NEW! Expanded resources on the companion website include a variety of helpful tools such as full reference lists with entries linked to abstracts in Pub Med and bonus web-only figures. NEW! Full-color design improves the accessibility of the text. Front Cover Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals Copyright Page Contributors Preface New to the sixth edition Companion website Acknowledgments Dedication Table Of Contents 1 Cardiovascular System Acknowledgments Diseases of the Heart General Considerations Normal structure and function Morphologic patterns of heart disease The mural and valvular endocardium and the heart valves proper The myocardium The pericardium Pathophysiologic patterns of heart disease Disturbances of impulse formation or impulse conduction Depressed myocardial contractile strength Impeded blood flow Regurgitant blood flow Abnormal pattern of blood flow (shunted blood flow) Restricted atrial/ventricular filling Further reading Heart Failure Intrinsic cardiac responses in heart failure Cardiac dilation Cardiac hypertrophy Systemic responses in heart failure Syndromes of circulatory failure Cardiac syncope Peripheral circulatory failure Congestive heart failure Examination of the Heart Further reading Congenital Abnormalities of the Heart and Large Vessels Malformations causing systemic to pulmonary (left-to-right) shunting Atrial septal defect Atrioventricular (AV) septal defect Ventricular septal defect Patent ductus arteriosus Malformation of semilunar or atrioventricular valves Pulmonic stenosis Tetralogy of Fallot Aortic and subaortic stenosis Dysplasia of the right atrioventricular valve Left atrioventricular valvular insufficiency or stenosis Transposition complexes Miscellaneous cardiac anomalies Vascular anomalies Further reading Pericardial Disease Noninflammatory lesions of the pericardium Hydropericardium Hemopericardium Serous atrophy of pericardial fat Further reading Pericarditis Further reading Endocardial Disease Degenerative lesions Myxomatous valvular degeneration (“endocardiosis”) in dogs Valvular cysts Subendocardial fibrosis Subendocardial mineralization Further reading Endocarditis Further reading Myocardial Disease Hemorrhage of the heart and its membranes Myocardial degeneration Myocardial necrosis* Fluoroacetate poisoning Gousiekte Avocado poisoning Taurine deficiency in cats Myocardial necrosis secondary to neural injury Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) cardiotoxicosis Porcine stress syndrome (pale, soft, and exudative [PSE] pork) Mulberry heart disease of swine Further reading Myocarditis Encephalomyocarditis virus infection Parasitic myocarditis Further reading Cardiomyopathies Further reading Feline cardiomyopathies Further reading Canine cardiomyopathies Further reading Bovine cardiomyopathies Further reading Diseases of the Conduction System Further reading Neoplasms of the Heart Further reading Diseases of the Vascular System General Considerations Further reading Arteries Congenital anomalies Further reading Degeneration of arteries Arteriosclerosis Further reading Atherosclerosis Further reading Arteriolosclerosis Further reading Mineralization Further reading Arterial rupture, aneurysms Further reading Arterial thrombosis and embolism Further reading Aortic-iliac thrombosis in horses Further reading Disseminated intravascular coagulation Further reading Arterial hypertrophy “High-altitude disease” of cattle Further reading Congenital and acquired cardiac disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension Further reading Medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary arteries of cats Further reading Vasculitis Further reading Polyarteritis nodosa (panarteritis, or periarteritis nodosa) Further reading Viral vasculitides Equine viral arteritis. Further reading African horse sickness. Further reading African swine fever. Further reading Classical swine fever (hog cholera). Further reading Bovine ephemeral fever. Further reading Rickettsial vasculitides Heartwater (cowdriosis). Further reading Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Further reading Verminous arteritis Dirofilariasis (heartworm disease). Further reading Strongylus vulgaris in horses. Further reading Onchocerciasis (parasitic aortitis). Further reading Elaeophoriasis. Further reading Veins Further reading Phlebothrombosis and thrombophlebitis Further reading Parasitic thrombophlebitis Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) Heterobilharzia americana infection. Further reading Lymphatics Congenital anomalies Further reading Dilation and rupture of lymphatics Further reading Lymphangitis Further reading Ulcerative lymphangitis Further reading Epizootic lymphangitis Further reading Parasitic lymphangitis Further reading Vascular Neoplasms Angioma Angiosarcoma Further reading 2 Hematopoietic System Acknowledgments Bone Marrow General considerations Sample procurement and processing Further reading Disorders of leukocytes Further reading Disorders of erythrocytes Blood loss anemia Further reading Hemolytic anemia Equine infectious anemia. Further reading Anaplasmosis. Further reading Babesiosis. Further reading Cytauxzoonosis. Further reading Trypanosomiasis. Bovine trypanosomiasis. Trypanosomiasis in other species. Further reading Hemotropic mycoplasmas. Further reading Mechanical, physical, and chemical causes of hemolytic anemia. Further reading Anemia of decreased production Further reading Disorders of platelets Further reading Hematopoietic neoplasia Acute myeloid leukemia. Further reading Myeloproliferative neoplasms. Further reading Myelodysplastic syndrome. Further reading Other hematopoietic conditions Myelofibrosis. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mastocytosis. Multiple myeloma. Circulating nonhematopoietic neoplastic cells. Further reading Lymphoid Organs Developmental diseases of the lymphoid system Immunodeficiency Immunoglobulin deficiencies. Severe combined immunodeficiency. T-cell immunodeficiency. Further reading Thymus Structure and function of the normal thymus Further reading Developmental diseases of the thymus Further reading Thymic involution and atrophy Further reading Thymic hemorrhages/hematoma Further reading Inflammatory diseases of the thymus Further reading Hyperplastic and neoplastic diseases of the thymus Thymic hyperplasia Thymic cysts Thymic neoplasms Thymomas. Thymic lymphomas. Thymic germ cell tumors. Further reading Spleen and Hemolymph Nodes Structure and function of the normal spleen Further reading Developmental diseases of the spleen Further reading Degenerative diseases of the spleen Further reading Rupture of the spleen Further reading Volvulus of the spleen Further reading Splenomegaly and splenic nodules Circulatory diseases of the spleen Specific infections of lymphoid tissues Anthrax Further reading Leishmaniasis Further reading Theileriosis Further reading Tick-borne fever Further reading Classical swine fever Further reading African swine fever Further reading Inflammatory diseases of the spleen Tularemia Further reading Histoplasmosis Further reading Melioidosis Further reading Hyperplastic diseases of the spleen Splenic cysts Lymphoid hyperplasia Nodular hyperplasia Fibrohistiocytic nodules Hematopoietic alterations Neoplastic diseases of the spleen Further reading Jembrana disease Further reading Lymph Nodes Structure and function of normal lymph nodes Further reading Developmental diseases of lymph nodes Degenerative diseases of lymph nodes Further reading Hyperplasia of lymph nodes Further reading Inflammatory diseases of lymph nodes Caseous lymphadenitis Further reading Streptococcal adenitis in swine Streptococcal adenitis in dogs Further reading Pseudotuberculosis Further reading Porcine circovirus-associated diseases Further reading Parasitic infestations of lymph nodes Neoplastic metastatic diseases of lymph nodes Further reading Lymphoid neoplasms Clinical features of lymphomas Diagnosis of lymphomas Classification of lymphomas Hodgkin-like lymphoma. Precursor lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Mature (peripheral) B-cell neoplasms B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Follicular-derived B-cell lymphomas. Burkitt-like lymphoma (BKL). Extramedullary plasmacytoma. T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms Mature (peripheral) T-cell neoplasms. Nodal T-cell lymphoma. Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL). Extranodal T-cell lymphoma. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Viral etiology and lymphomagenesis. Species differences. Bovine lymphoma. Ovine and caprine lymphoma. Equine lymphoma. Canine lymphoma. Feline lymphoma. Porcine lymphoma. Further reading Histiocytic Proliferative Diseases Canine cutaneous histiocytoma Canine cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis Feline pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis Canine reactive histiocytosis Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis Systemic reactive histiocytosis Histiocytic sarcoma Feline progressive histiocytosis Hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma Further reading Disorders of Hemostasis Platelet plug formation Adhesion Aggregation Further reading Platelet disorders Evaluation of platelet function Thrombocytopenia Further reading von Willebrand disease Further reading Intrinsic disorders of platelet function Further reading Acquired platelet disorders Further reading Thrombin formation Initiation Amplification of thrombin generation Fibrin formation Further reading Laboratory evaluation of thrombin and fibrin formation Further reading Disorders of thrombin formation Inherited disorders Further reading Acquired disorders Vitamin K antagonism. Liver disease. Further reading Disorders of fibrin formation Further reading Regulation of coagulation: endogenous anticoagulants Inhibitor disorders Further reading Fibrinolysis Endothelium-mediated fibrinolysis Plasma-mediated fibrinolysis Further reading Systemic inflammation and neoplasia: dysregulation of hemostasis Further reading 3 Endocrine Glands Acknowledgments General Considerations Types of hormones Polypeptide hormones Steroid hormones Catecholamine and iodothyronine hormones Proliferative lesions in endocrine glands Characteristics Functional aspects of endocrine tumors Mechanisms of endocrine disease Primary hyperfunction of an endocrine gland Secondary hyperfunction of an endocrine gland Primary hypofunction of an endocrine gland Secondary hypofunction of an endocrine gland Endocrine hyperactivity secondary to diseases of other organs Hypersecretion of hormones by non-endocrine tumors Endocrine dysfunction resulting from failure of target cell response Failure of fetal endocrine function Endocrine dysfunction resulting from abnormal degradation of hormone Syndromes of iatrogenic hormone excess Further reading Pituitary Gland Development, structure, and function Embryologic development of the pituitary gland Structure of the adenohypophysis Functional cytology of the adenohypophysis Hypothalamic control of the adenohypophysis Structure and function of the neurohypophysis Blood supply to the pituitary gland Diseases of the pituitary gland Hypophyseal changes associated with alterations in target organs Pituitary cysts Cysts derived from the distal (“sellar”) end of the craniopharyngeal duct. Cysts derived from the proximal end of the craniopharyngeal duct (pharyngeal hypophysis). Cysts resulting from failure of differentiation of the oropharyngeal ectoderm of Rathke’s pouch. Neoplastic diseases of the pituitary Corticotroph (ACTH–secreting) adenoma Pars intermedia (melanotroph) adenoma Somatotroph adenomas Thyrotroph adenoma Lactotroph adenoma Suprasellar germ cell tumor (craniopharyngioma) Hormonally inactive adenoma of the pars distalis Pituitary chromophobe carcinoma Tumors metastatic to the pituitary gland Granular cell tumors of the pituitary Mechanisms of pituitary tumor induction Other diseases and inflammation of the adenohypophysis Diseases of the neurohypophysis Further reading Calcium-Regulating Hormones Parathyroid glands and parathyroid hormone Development and structure Biosynthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone Biological action of parathyroid hormone Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) Biosynthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) Biological action of calcitriol Disorders of vitamin D metabolism Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) Thyroid C cells and calcitonin Development and structure of thyroid C cells Biosynthesis and secretion of calcitonin Biological actions of calcitonin Diseases of the parathyroid gland Parathyroid and related cysts Degenerative changes of the parathyroid gland Chemical-induced injury of parathyroid glands Lymphocytic parathyroiditis and hypoparathyroidism Parathyroid stimulation associated with acute hypocalcemia near parturition Parathyroid hyperplasia Hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal disease Hyperparathyroidism secondary to nutritional imbalances Primary parathyroid hyperplasia Parathyroid suppression associated with vitamin D intoxication from calcinogenic plants and rodenticides Neoplasms of the parathyroid glands Hypercalcemia associated with neoplasms of nonparathyroid origin Further reading Thyroid Gland Development, structure, and function Embryologic development of the thyroid gland Structure of the thyroid gland Biosynthesis of thyroid hormones Thyroid hormone secretion Action of thyroid hormones Diseases of the thyroid gland Developmental disturbances of the thyroid gland Degenerative changes of the thyroid gland Hypofunction of the thyroid gland Idiopathic follicular atrophy (“collapse”). Lymphocytic thyroiditis. Extrathyroidal lesions and functional disturbances in hypothyroidism. Evaluation of thyroid function Hyperplasia of the thyroid gland Diffuse hyperplastic and colloid goiter. Nodular hyperplasia. Inherited dyshormonogenic goiter. Thyrotoxic effects of drugs and chemicals Blockage of iodine uptake. Organification defect. Blockage of thyroid hormone release. Drug-induced thyroid pigmentation. Inhibition of 5′-deiodinase. Induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes. Neoplasms of the thyroid gland Follicular cell adenoma Hyperthyroidism associated with thyroid tumors Follicular cell carcinoma Neoplasms of thyroglossal duct remnants Thyroid C-cell (parafollicular) tumors Further reading Adrenal Cortex Development, structure, and function Embryonic development of the adrenal gland Structure of the adrenal gland Biosynthesis and action of adrenal cortical hormones Diseases of the adrenal cortex Developmental disturbances of the adrenal cortex Congenital enzyme defects of adrenal cortical steroidogenesis Degenerative changes of the adrenal cortex Inflammation of the adrenal cortex (adrenalitis) Mechanisms of toxicity of the adrenal cortex Adrenal lesions associated with hypoadrenocorticism Hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex Neoplasms of the adrenal cortex Myelolipoma Cortical adenoma Cortical carcinoma Hyperadrenocorticism Adrenal tumors in ferrets Adrenal Medulla Development, structure, and function Embryonic development and structure Biosynthesis of catecholamine hormones Neoplasms of adrenal medullary secretory cells Pheochromocytoma and malignant pheochromocytoma Mechanisms of adrenal medullary tumor development Adrenal medullary hyperplasia Neoplasms of cells of the sympathetic nervous system in adrenal medulla Neuroblastoma Ganglioneuroma Tumors metastatic to the adrenal medulla Further reading Paragangliomas (Chemodectomas) Development, structure, and function Aortic body adenoma and carcinoma Carotid body adenoma and carcinoma Heart-base tumors derived from ectopic thyroid Extra-adrenal paragangliomas Orbital (extra-adrenal) paragangliomas Further reading Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Further reading 4 Female Genital System Acknowledgements Pathology of the Genital System of the Nongravid Female General Introduction Unique challenges presented by the female reproductive system Disorders of Sexual Development Normal sexual differentiation Establishment of sex chromosomes Establishment of gonad phenotype Phenotypic sexual development Development of the tubular genitalia Abnormal sexual development Sex chromosome disorders of sexual development XY disorders of sexual development XX disorders of sexual development Ovary—developmental anomalies Cysts arising from remnants of developmental structures Arrested development of the paramesonephric duct Vaginal anomalies Further reading Pathology of the Ovary (Nondevelopmental-Related Conditions) Miscellaneous lesions Age-related degenerative changes Equine ovarian varicosities Ovarian cysts Germinal inclusion cysts of the mare Cystic follicular disease Cystic ovarian disease in cows Luteinized cyst Extra-ovarian lesions associated with cystic ovarian degeneration in cows Cystic ovarian degeneration in other species Further reading Neoplastic Conditions of the Ovary Sex cord–stromal tumors Tumors of the surface celomic epithelium Tumors of germ cells Tumors of nongonadal tissues Metastatic tumors Vascular hamartomas Further reading Pathology of the Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes Hydrosalpinx Salpingitis Pyosalpinx Pathology of the Uterus Abnormalities of position or location Circulatory disturbances Further reading Pathology of the Endometrium Irregularities of endometrial growth Atrophy Hyperplastic conditions of the endometrium General considerations. Canine pseudoplacentational endometrial hyperplasia. Estrogenic plants. Adenomyosis Endometrial polyp Uterine accumulation of secretory or inflammatory exudates Hydrometra and mucometra Serosal inclusion cysts Further reading Inflammatory Diseases of the Uterus General considerations Endometritis Metritis Chronic endometritis Uterine abscess Parametritis and perimetritis Pyometra Pyometra in the bitch and queen. Pyometra in the cow. Pyometra in the mare. Endometrial biopsy. Further reading Pathology of the Gravid Uterus, Placenta, and Fetus General considerations Embryonic death Fetal death Mummification of fetus Fetal maceration and emphysema Embryonic death with persistence of membranes (cystic placental mole) Adventitial placentation (semiplacenta diffusa) Hydramnios and hydrallantois Amniotic plaques, placental mineralization, and avascular chorion Prolonged gestation Further reading Abortion and Stillbirth Diagnosing the infectious causes of abortion Further reading Bacterial causes of abortion Brucellosis Bovine brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus. Brucellosis in swine, caused by Brucella suis. Brucellosis in sheep, caused by Brucella ovis. Brucellosis in sheep and goats, caused by Brucella melitensis. Brucellosis in dogs, caused by Brucella canis. Brucellosis in other domestic species. Further reading Campylobacter infections of the genital tract in sheep and cattle Genital infection of cattle caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. Genital infection of sheep and cattle caused by Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. Further reading Flexispira rappini infections Further reading Listeriosis Further reading Leptospira infections causing abortion in cattle Leptospira infections of the pregnant uterus in swine Leptospira infections causing abortion or stillbirth in horses Leptospira infections causing abortion in sheep Further reading Ureaplasma diversum infection Further reading Trueperella pyogenes as a cause of abortion in cattle and sheep Salmonella as a cause of abortion in sheep and cattle Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as a cause of abortion in cattle, sheep, and goats Histophilus somni infections of the pregnant bovine uterus Further reading Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) infections causing abortions Chlamydophila abortion in sheep, goats, and cattle. Further reading Abortion in sheep, goats, and cattle caused by Coxiella burnetii Further reading Mare reproductive loss syndrome and late-term abortions Further reading Nocardioform placentitis in mares Further reading Miscellaneous infections causing abortion in mares Further reading Mycotic abortion in cattle Further reading Epizootic bovine abortion Further reading Protozoan infections causing abortions Toxoplasmosis Further reading Neospora infections causing reproductive failure in cattle, sheep, dogs, and cats Further reading Sarcocystis species causing abortion in cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs Further reading Genital tritrichomoniasis Further reading Viral infections of the pregnant uterus Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) Further reading Classical swine fever virus infection of the pregnant uterus in sows Further reading Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection of the pregnant uterus Further reading Border disease virus infection in sheep and goats Further reading Equine arteritis virus infection of the pregnant uterus in mares Further reading Wesselsbron virus infection of the pregnant uterus in sheep and cattle Further reading Porcine parvovirus infection of the pregnant uterus Further reading Bovine parvovirus infection of the pregnant uterus in cattle Further reading Canine minute virus infection Further reading Bluetongue virus infections of pregnant sheep and cattle Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus infection of the pregnant uterus in cattle, sheep, and white-tailed deer Further reading Chuzan disease of cattle Further reading Canine herpesvirus infection in pups and pregnant bitches Further reading Suid herpesvirus 1 infection causing abortion in swine Further reading Suid herpesvirus 2 (cytomegalovirus) infection of the pregnant uterus of the pig Further reading Bovine herpesvirus infections of the pregnant uterus in cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs Further reading Bovine herpesvirus 4 (cytomegalovirus) infection of the pregnant uterus in cattle Further reading Equid herpesvirus 1 abortion in horses Further reading Akabane virus infection of the pregnant uterus Further reading Schmallenberg virus infection of cattle, sheep, and goats Further reading Aino virus infection in cattle Further reading Cache Valley virus infection of sheep Further reading Rift Valley fever virus infection of cattle and sheep Further reading Circovirus postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome Further reading Miscellaneous Lesions of the Postpartum Uterus Further reading Pathology of the Cervix, Vagina, and Vulva Pathology of the Cervix Pathology of the Vagina and Vulva Swelling of the vulva Inflammatory diseases of the vagina and vulva Granular vulvitis Infectious bovine cervicovaginitis and epididymitis (“epivag”) Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis of cattle Contagious equine metritis Necrotic vaginitis and vulvitis Dourine Further reading Neoplastic Conditions of the Tubular Genitalia Smooth muscle tumors (leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma) Canine transmissible venereal tumor Fibropapilloma of the vulva Transmissible genital papilloma of the pig Carcinoma of the endometrium and cervix Lymphosarcoma Metastatic tumors Further reading Pathology of the Mammae Developmental biology Inflammatory disease of the mammary glands Mechanical injury Innate and acquired resistance of mammae Bovine mastitis Staphylococcal mastitis Coliform mastitis Streptococcal mastitis Summer mastitis Mycoplasma mastitis Miscellaneous infections Mastitis in swine Mastitis in horses Mastitis in sheep and goats Mastitis in dogs and cats Mastitis in camelids Further reading Mammary Masses Including Neoplasia Non-neoplastic mammary enlargement and masses Mammary neoplasia in dogs Prognosis and grading of mammary neoplasia Benign mammary neoplasms Mammary carcinomas Mammary sarcomas Mammary neoplasia in cats Mammary neoplasia in other species Further reading 5 Male Genital System Acknowledgment General Considerations Sampling of the male genital tract Spermatogenesis Further reading Oxidative stress and testicular function Further reading Testicular immune function Further reading Immunity in the reproductive tract Further reading Disorders of Sexual Development Further reading Scrotum Further reading Vaginal Tunics Further reading Testis and Epididymis Further reading Disorders of sexual development Cryptorchidism Further reading Testicular hypoplasia Further reading Hypoplasia in bulls. Hypoplasia in boars. Hypoplasia in stallions. Hypoplasia in rams. Hypoplasia in bucks. Hypoplasia in cats. Hypoplasia in dogs. Other testicular disorders of development Further reading Disorders of mesonephric and paramesonephric structures Further reading Variation in testicular and epididymal size Testicular atrophy and degeneration Further reading Testicular hypertrophy Further reading Inflammation of the testis and epididymis Orchitis Further reading Interstitial orchitis. Intratubular orchitis. Necrotic orchitis. Orchitis in bulls. Orchitis in boars. Orchitis in stallions. Orchitis in small ruminants. Orchitis in dogs and cats. Orchitis in camelids. Epididymitis Further reading Epididymitis in bulls. Epididymitis in boars. Epididymitis in stallions. Epididymitis in small ruminants. Epididymitis in dogs and cats. Circulatory disturbances Further reading Neoplasms of the testis and epididymis Sex cord−gonadal stromal tumors Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor. Sertoli cell tumor. Germ cell tumors Seminomas. Teratoma. Embryonal carcinoma. Mixed germ cell−sex cord stromal tumor Other primary tumors Further reading Miscellaneous diseases of the testis and epididymis Spermatic Cord Varicocele Other vascular lesions Scrotal hernia Miscellaneous diseases of the spermatic cord Further reading Accessory Genital Glands Vesicular glands and ampullae Disorders of sexual development Inflammation of the vesicular glands Prostate and bulbourethral glands Disorders of sexual development Inflammation of the prostate and bulbourethral gland Hyperplasia and metaplasia of the prostate and bulbourethral gland Neoplasms of the prostate and bulbourethral gland Miscellaneous conditions of accessory genital glands Further reading Penis and Prepuce Inflammation of the penis and prepuce (phaloposthitis) Neoplasms of the penis and prepuce Further reading Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Endsheet 4