Johann Heinrich Hottinger: Arabic and Islamic Studies in the Seventeenth Century (Oxford-Warburg Studies)

The Reformed Church historian and orientalist Johann Heinrich Hottinger (1620-1667) is a key figure in the history of Arabic and Islamic studies in early modern Europe. His life and his work have been almost completely neglected and there has never been a full-length study on Hottinger. This book presents a thorough documentation of Hottinger's Arabic and Islamic studies. Based on printed books and a great number of unpublished and hitherto unknown manuscripts, the book assesses his scholarship in the context of seventeenth-century oriental studies and confessional rivalries. The book contains a biographical account of Hottinger and inserts him into the Zurich tradition of oriental studies, which can be traced back to Theodor Bibliander and Konrad Pellikan in the sixteenth century. It gives an account of his years as a student of Jacobus Golius in Leiden, where Hottinger copied and collected an impressive number of Arabic manuscripts on which he later based his teaching and his publications. The book explores Hottinger's network in the Protestant Republic of Letters and it contains studies of his activities as a bibliographer of Arabic texts, as a teacher of the Arabic language, as a linguist who promoted a comparative approach to oriental languages, as a student of the history of Islam and as a Protestant who used his knowledge of Arabic and of Islam in the theological debates of the time. Cover 1 Johann Heinrich Hottinger: Arabic and Islamic Studies in the Seventeenth Century 5 Copyright 6 Dedication 7 Contents 8 List of Plates 10 Acknowledgements 11 List of Abbreviations 13 LEXICA 13 EDITIONS 13 WORKS BY HOTTINGER 13 LIBRARIES 14 Introduction 15 1. Ioh. Henricus Hottingerus Tigurinus 25 THE LEIDEN YEARS WITH JACOBUS GOLIUS (1640–1641) 26 THE FIRST YEARS IN ZURICH (1641–1655) 32 The Schola Tigurinorum Carolina and its significance for Hottinger 33 Theodor Bibliander 40 The nature of Antichrist 45 THE HEIDELBERG YEARS (1655–1661) 49 ‘O FATA ACERBA ET ATROCIA’145 (1661–1667) 54 2. Arabic and Islamic Studies in Zurich and Heidelberg 56 ISLAMIC STUDIES IN ZURICH1 56 Excursus: Equipping the Reformed world with Arabic printing presses 63 A STUDENT MANUAL FOR THE HISTORY OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD 70 THE TEACHING OF ORIENTAL PHILOLOGY 75 Grammatica Orientalis 75 Thesaurus Philologicus 82 HOTTINGER AND THE HISTORY OF COMPARATIVE SEMITIC PHILOLOGY 88 SOAP AGAINST THE SMUT OF BARBARISM: SMEGMA ORIENTALE 94 LEXICON HARMONICUM 96 Excursus: Hottinger and Hiob Ludolf 98 3. Defenders of the Truth 105 ORIENTAL PHILOLOGY AND CONFESSIONAL POLEMICS 105 THE CASE OF EUTYCHIUS 109 ARABIC AND THE HISTORY OF THE HEBREW SCRIPT 116 HOTTINGER AND LOUIS CAPPEL 127 EXERCITATIONES ANTI-MORINIANAE 130 A KUFIC KORAN AND THE VOWEL POINT CONTROVERSY 136 4. Mapping the Literary History of the Orient 145 EARLY MODERN ATTEMPTS TO CATALOGUE ORIENTAL LITERATURE 146 THE PROMTUARIUM SIVE BIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIS 150 COLLECTING ARABIC MANUSC 151 Islamic sources 152 Christian, Samaritan, Jewish, and Sabian sources 160 MANUSCRIPT CULTURE 165 TROUBLES WITH THE KORAN 168 Amad ibn `Alī 168 Clandestine inter-library loans 170 CLASSIFYING ARABIC MANUSCRIPTS 179 CATALOGUING THE ORIENT 181 BIBLIOTHECA ARABICA 185 ENCYCLOPEDIA ORIENTALIS 190 5. Islam and the History of the Church 199 WRITING CHURCH HISTORY 199 HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA NOVI TESTAMENTI (1651–1655) 207 De Muhammedismo 207 Ecclesia Orientalis 209 HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA NOVI TESTAMENTI (1665–1667) 211 HISTORIA ORIENTALIS 215 The life and teaching of Muhammad 216 The Koran and the religious history of the East 218 The Koran and pre-Islamic idolatry 218 The Koran and early Christianity 221 The Koran and the history of Socinianism 223 Epilogue 231 Bibliography 239 HOTTINGER’S WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT 239 PRIMARY LITERATURE 240 SECONDARY LITERATURE 249 MANUSCRIPTS 263 Berne, Burgerbibliothek 263 Geneva, University Library 264 Göttingen, Universtitätsbibliothek 264 Groningen, University Library 264 Hamburg, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek 264 Kassel, Universitätsbibliothek, Landes- und Murhardsche Bibliothek der Stadt Kassel 264 Leiden, University Library 264 London, British Library (BL) 265 London, Lincoln ́s Inn Library 265 London, National Archive in Kew, Richmond 265 München, Bayrische Staatsbibliothek 265 Oxford, Bodleian Library 266 Rostock, Universitätsbibliothek 266 St. Gallen, Vadiana Library (VadSlg) 266 Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek 266 Zurich, Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich (StAZH) 266 Zurich, Zentralbibliothek (ZBZ) 266 Correspondence with Bodmer 266 Correspondence with Buxtorf 267 Correspondence with Louis Cappel 267 Correspondence with Golius 267 Correspondence with Hiob Ludolf 267 Correspondence with Matthias Pasor 268 Correspondence with Edward Pococke 268 Correspondence with Christian Ravius 268 Correspondence with Sebastian Schobinger 268 General Index 269