Jihad and Islam in World War I : studies on the Ottoman Jihad at the centenary of Snouck Hurgronje's "Holy war made in Germany"

The proclamation of Jihad by the Sultan-Caliph in Constantinople, after the Ottoman Empire’s entry into World War I, made the headlines. This book investigates the background and nature of the Ottoman Jihad proclamation in addition to its effects in the wider Middle East . both among the Arabs and the Turks, and among Sunni Muslims as well as Shi’ites. It brings to light the German hopes for and British fears of a worldwide uprising of Muslims in the colonial empires at that time. Moreover, it scrutinises the fierce academic debates caused by the Jihad proclamation, in which the 1915 manifesto of Leiden Islam scholar Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (“Holy War Made in Germany”) played a key role. Contents List of Figures Preface Introduction: The Ottoman Jihad, the German Jihad and the Sacralization of War 1 Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, “Holy War” and Colonial Concerns 2 The Ottoman Proclamation of Jihad 3 (Not) Using Political Islam: The German Empire and Its Failed Propaganda Campaign in the Near and Middle East, 1914–1918 and Beyond 4 Domestic Aspects of Ottoman Jihad: The Role of Religious Motifs and Religious Agents in the Mobilization of the Ottoman Army 5 Ottoman Jihad or Jihads: The Ottoman Shīʿī Jihad, the Successful One 6 Propaganda or Culture War: Jihad, Islam, and Nationalism in Turkish Literature during World War i 7 Gendering Jihad: Ottoman Muslim Women and War during the Early Twentieth Century 8 Architectural Jihad: The “Halbmondlager” Mosque of Wünsdorf as an Instrument of Propaganda 9 War, Propaganda and Architecture: Cemal Pasha’s Restoration of Islamic Architecture in Damascus during World War i 10 The Man Who Would Be Caliph Sharīfian Propaganda in World War I 11 A German “Illusive Love” Rashīd Riḍā’s Perceptions of the First World War in the Muslim World 12 John Buchan’s British-Designed Jihad in Greenmantle List of Contributors Index Today's headlines are full of references to jihad and jihadists, but they're nothing new: a century ago, the entry of the Ottoman Empire into World War I was accompanied by a loud proclamation of jihad as well. This book resurrects that largely forgotten aspect of the war, investigating the background and nature of the proclamation, as well as its effects in the wider Middle East, the fears it stoked among German and British military leaders, and the accompanying academic debates about holy war and Islam.