Java: The Complete Reference, Eleventh Edition 11

The Definitive Java Programming Guide Fully updated for Java SE 11, Java: The Complete Reference, Eleventh Edition explains how to develop, compile, debug, and run Java programs. Best-selling programming author Herb Schildt covers the entire Java language, including its syntax, keywords, and fundamental programming principles. You’ll also find information on key portions of the Java API library, such as I/O, the Collections Framework, the stream library, and the concurrency utilities. Swing, JavaBeans, and servlets are examined and numerous examples demonstrate Java in action. Of course, the very important module system is discussed in detail. This Oracle Press resource also offers an introduction to JShell, Java’s interactive programming tool. Best of all, the book is written in the clear, crisp, uncompromising style that has made Schildt the choice of millions worldwide. Coverage includes: •Data types, variables, arrays, and operators •Control statements •Classes, objects, and methods •Method overloading and overriding •Inheritance •Local variable type inference •Interfaces and packages •Exception handling •Multithreaded programming •Enumerations, autoboxing, and annotations •The I/O classes •Generics •Lambda expressions •Modules •String handling •The Collections Framework •Networking •Event handling •AWT •Swing •The Concurrent API •The Stream API •Regular expressions •JavaBeans •Servlets •Much, much more Code examples in the book are available for download at www.OraclePressBooks.com. Title Page......Page 3 Copyright Page......Page 5 Contents at a Glance......Page 8 Contents......Page 10 Preface......Page 42 Part I The Java Language......Page 46 Chapter 1 The History and Evolution of Java......Page 49 Java’s Lineage......Page 50 The Birth of Modern Programming: C......Page 51 C++: The Next Step......Page 52 The Creation of Java......Page 54 The C# Connection......Page 56 Java Applets......Page 57 Portability......Page 58 Java’s Magic: The Bytecode......Page 59 Moving Beyond Applets......Page 60 A Faster Release Schedule......Page 61 The Java Buzzwords......Page 62 Robust......Page 63 Architecture-Neutral......Page 64 The Evolution of Java......Page 65 A Culture of Innovation......Page 72 Chapter 2 An Overview of Java......Page 73 Two Paradigms......Page 74 Abstraction......Page 75 The Three OOP Principles......Page 76 A First Simple Program......Page 82 Compiling the Program......Page 83 A Closer Look at the First Sample Program......Page 84 A Second Short Program......Page 87 Two Control Statements......Page 89 The if Statement......Page 90 The for Loop......Page 91 Using Blocks of Code......Page 93 Identifiers......Page 95 Separators......Page 96 The Java Keywords......Page 97 The Java Class Libraries......Page 98 Chapter 3 Data Types, Variables, and Arrays......Page 100 The Primitive Types......Page 101 Integers......Page 102 int......Page 103 Floating-Point Types......Page 104 double......Page 105 Characters......Page 106 Booleans......Page 108 Integer Literals......Page 110 Floating-Point Literals......Page 111 Character Literals......Page 112 String Literals......Page 113 Dynamic Initialization......Page 114 The Scope and Lifetime of Variables......Page 115 Java’s Automatic Conversions......Page 119 Casting Incompatible Types......Page 120 Automatic Type Promotion in Expressions......Page 121 The Type Promotion Rules......Page 122 Arrays......Page 123 One-Dimensional Arrays......Page 124 Multidimensional Arrays......Page 127 Alternative Array Declaration Syntax......Page 133 Introducing Type Inference with Local Variables......Page 134 Some var Restrictions......Page 137 A Few Words About Strings......Page 138 Chapter 4 Operators......Page 139 Arithmetic Operators......Page 140 The Basic Arithmetic Operators......Page 141 Arithmetic Compound Assignment Operators......Page 143 Increment and Decrement......Page 145 The Bitwise Operators......Page 147 The Bitwise Logical Operators......Page 149 The Left Shift......Page 152 The Right Shift......Page 154 The Unsigned Right Shift......Page 156 Bitwise Operator Compound Assignments......Page 158 Relational Operators......Page 159 Boolean Logical Operators......Page 160 Short-Circuit Logical Operators......Page 162 The Assignment Operator......Page 163 The ? Operator......Page 164 Operator Precedence......Page 165 Using Parentheses......Page 166 Chapter 5 Control Statements......Page 168 if......Page 169 switch......Page 173 while......Page 181 do-while......Page 183 for......Page 187 The For-Each Version of the for Loop......Page 193 Local Variable Type Inference in a for Loop......Page 200 Jump Statements......Page 202 Using break......Page 203 Using continue......Page 209 Chapter 6 Introducing Classes......Page 212 The General Form of a Class......Page 213 A Simple Class......Page 215 Declaring Objects......Page 219 A Closer Look at new......Page 220 Assigning Object Reference Variables......Page 221 Introducing Methods......Page 222 Adding a Method to the Box Class......Page 223 Returning a Value......Page 225 Adding a Method That Takes Parameters......Page 228 Constructors......Page 232 Parameterized Constructors......Page 234 Instance Variable Hiding......Page 237 Garbage Collection......Page 238 A Stack Class......Page 239 Chapter 7 A Closer Look at Methods and Classes......Page 243 Overloading Methods......Page 244 Overloading Constructors......Page 248 Using Objects as Parameters......Page 251 A Closer Look at Argument Passing......Page 254 Returning Objects......Page 257 Recursion......Page 258 Introducing Access Control......Page 261 Understanding static......Page 265 Introducing final......Page 268 Arrays Revisited......Page 269 Introducing Nested and Inner Classes......Page 272 Exploring the String Class......Page 276 Using Command-Line Arguments......Page 279 Varargs: Variable-Length Arguments......Page 280 Overloading Vararg Methods......Page 284 Varargs and Ambiguity......Page 286 Local Variable Type Inference with Reference Types......Page 288 Chapter 8 Inheritance......Page 291 Inheritance Basics......Page 292 Member Access and Inheritance......Page 295 A More Practical Example......Page 297 A Superclass Variable Can Reference a Subclass Object......Page 300 Using super to Call Superclass Constructors......Page 302 A Second Use for super......Page 307 Creating a Multilevel Hierarchy......Page 309 When Constructors Are Executed......Page 313 Method Overriding......Page 315 Dynamic Method Dispatch......Page 319 Why Overridden Methods?......Page 321 Applying Method Overriding......Page 322 Using Abstract Classes......Page 324 Using final to Prevent Overriding......Page 329 Using final to Prevent Inheritance......Page 330 Local Variable Type Inference and Inheritance......Page 331 The Object Class......Page 334 Chapter 9 Packages and Interfaces......Page 336 Packages......Page 337 Defining a Package......Page 338 Finding Packages and CLASSPATH......Page 339 A Short Package Example......Page 340 Packages and Member Access......Page 341 An Access Example......Page 342 Importing Packages......Page 347 Defining an Interface......Page 350 Implementing Interfaces......Page 352 Nested Interfaces......Page 355 Applying Interfaces......Page 357 Variables in Interfaces......Page 362 Interfaces Can Be Extended......Page 364 Default Interface Methods......Page 366 Default Method Fundamentals......Page 367 A More Practical Example......Page 369 Multiple Inheritance Issues......Page 370 Use static Methods in an Interface......Page 371 Private Interface Methods......Page 372 Final Thoughts on Packages and Interfaces......Page 375 Chapter 10 Exception Handling......Page 376 Exception-Handling Fundamentals......Page 378 Exception Types......Page 379 Uncaught Exceptions......Page 380 Using try and catch......Page 382 Displaying a Description of an Exception......Page 384 Multiple catch Clauses......Page 385 Nested try Statements......Page 387 throw......Page 391 throws......Page 393 finally......Page 394 Java’s Built-in Exceptions......Page 397 Creating Your Own Exception Subclasses......Page 399 Chained Exceptions......Page 403 Three Additional Exception Features......Page 405 Using Exceptions......Page 406 Chapter 11 Multithreaded Programming......Page 408 The Java Thread Model......Page 411 Thread Priorities......Page 412 Synchronization......Page 413 The Main Thread......Page 414 Creating a Thread......Page 417 Implementing Runnable......Page 418 Extending Thread......Page 421 Creating Multiple Threads......Page 423 Using isAlive( ) and join( )......Page 426 Thread Priorities......Page 429 Synchronization......Page 430 Using Synchronized Methods......Page 431 The synchronized Statement......Page 433 Interthread Communication......Page 436 Deadlock......Page 443 Suspending, Resuming, and Stopping Threads......Page 446 Obtaining a Thread’s State......Page 449 Using a Factory Method to Create and Start a Thread......Page 452 Using Multithreading......Page 453 Chapter 12 Enumerations, Autoboxing, and Annotations......Page 454 Enumeration Fundamentals......Page 456 The values( ) and valueOf( ) Methods......Page 460 Java Enumerations Are Class Types......Page 462 Enumerations Inherit Enum......Page 464 Another Enumeration Example......Page 467 Character......Page 470 The Numeric Type Wrappers......Page 471 Autoboxing......Page 473 Autoboxing and Methods......Page 475 Autoboxing/Unboxing Occurs in Expressions......Page 476 Autoboxing/Unboxing Boolean and Character Values......Page 478 Autoboxing/Unboxing Helps Prevent Errors......Page 479 A Word of Warning......Page 480 Annotation Basics......Page 481 Specifying a Retention Policy......Page 482 Obtaining Annotations at Run Time by Use of Reflection......Page 483 The AnnotatedElement Interface......Page 491 Using Default Values......Page 492 Marker Annotations......Page 494 Single-Member Annotations......Page 496 The Built-In Annotations......Page 498 Type Annotations......Page 501 Repeating Annotations......Page 508 Some Restrictions......Page 511 Chapter 13 I/O, Try-with-Resources, and Other Topics......Page 512 I/O Basics......Page 514 Byte Streams and Character Streams......Page 515 Reading Console Input......Page 518 Reading Characters......Page 519 Reading Strings......Page 520 Writing Console Output......Page 522 The PrintWriter Class......Page 523 Reading and Writing Files......Page 525 Automatically Closing a File......Page 535 The transient and volatile Modifiers......Page 539 Using instanceof......Page 540 Native Methods......Page 544 Using assert......Page 545 Static Import......Page 549 Invoking Overloaded Constructors Through this( )......Page 553 A Word About Compact API Profiles......Page 556 Chapter 14 Generics......Page 558 A Simple Generics Example......Page 561 Generic Types Differ Based on Their Type Arguments......Page 567 How Generics Improve Type Safety......Page 568 A Generic Class with Two Type Parameters......Page 571 The General Form of a Generic Class......Page 573 Bounded Types......Page 574 Using Wildcard Arguments......Page 577 Bounded Wildcards......Page 581 Creating a Generic Method......Page 589 Generic Constructors......Page 592 Generic Interfaces......Page 593 Raw Types and Legacy Code......Page 597 Using a Generic Superclass......Page 601 A Generic Subclass......Page 605 Run-Time Type Comparisons Within a Generic Hierarchy......Page 607 Overriding Methods in a Generic Class......Page 611 Type Inference with Generics......Page 613 Local Variable Type Inference and Generics......Page 614 Erasure......Page 615 Bridge Methods......Page 616 Ambiguity Errors......Page 618 Type Parameters Can’t Be Instantiated......Page 620 Generic Array Restrictions......Page 621 Generic Exception Restriction......Page 623 Chapter 15 Lambda Expressions......Page 624 Introducing Lambda Expressions......Page 626 Lambda Expression Fundamentals......Page 627 Functional Interfaces......Page 628 Some Lambda Expression Examples......Page 630 Block Lambda Expressions......Page 633 Generic Functional Interfaces......Page 636 Passing Lambda Expressions as Arguments......Page 638 Lambda Expressions and Exceptions......Page 642 Lambda Expressions and Variable Capture......Page 644 Method References......Page 645 Method References to static Methods......Page 646 Method References to Instance Methods......Page 648 Method References with Generics......Page 653 Constructor References......Page 658 Predefined Functional Interfaces......Page 665 Chapter 16 Modules......Page 667 Module Basics......Page 669 A Simple Module Example......Page 670 Compile and Run the First Module Example......Page 677 A Closer Look at requires and exports......Page 678 java.base and the Platform Modules......Page 680 Legacy Code and the Unnamed Module......Page 681 Exporting to a Specific Module......Page 682 Using requires transitive......Page 684 Use Services......Page 689 Service and Service Provider Basics......Page 690 A Module-Based Service Example......Page 691 Three Specialized Module Features......Page 701 The opens Statement......Page 702 Linking Files in an Exploded Directory......Page 703 Linking Modular JAR Files......Page 704 A Brief Word About Layers and Automatic Modules......Page 705 Final Thoughts on Modules......Page 706 Part II The Java Library......Page 707 Chapter 17 String Handling......Page 711 The String Constructors......Page 714 String Literals......Page 717 String Concatenation......Page 718 String Conversion and toString( )......Page 719 charAt( )......Page 721 getBytes( )......Page 722 equals( ) and equalsIgnoreCase( )......Page 723 regionMatches( )......Page 724 startsWith( ) and endsWith( )......Page 725 compareTo( )......Page 726 Searching Strings......Page 728 Modifying a String......Page 730 substring( )......Page 731 replace( )......Page 732 trim( ) and strip( )......Page 733 Changing the Case of Characters Within a String......Page 735 Additional String Methods......Page 737 StringBuffer Constructors......Page 739 length( ) and capacity( )......Page 740 charAt( ) and setCharAt( )......Page 741 getChars( )......Page 742 insert( )......Page 743 reverse( )......Page 744 delete( ) and deleteCharAt( )......Page 745 replace( )......Page 746 Additional StringBuffer Methods......Page 747 StringBuilder......Page 749 Chapter 18 Exploring java.lang......Page 750 Double and Float......Page 753 Understanding isInfinite( ) and isNaN( )......Page 759 Byte, Short, Integer, and Long......Page 760 Character......Page 773 Additions to Character for Unicode Code Point Support......Page 777 Boolean......Page 779 Process......Page 781 Runtime......Page 783 Memory Management......Page 786 Executing Other Programs......Page 788 Runtime.Version......Page 789 ProcessBuilder......Page 791 System......Page 794 Using currentTimeMillis( ) to Time Program Execution......Page 796 Using arraycopy( )......Page 797 Environment Properties......Page 798 Object......Page 799 Using clone( ) and the Cloneable Interface......Page 800 Class......Page 803 Trigonometric Functions......Page 809 Rounding Functions......Page 810 Miscellaneous Math Methods......Page 812 Thread......Page 815 ThreadGroup......Page 819 Package......Page 826 Module......Page 828 SecurityManager......Page 829 StackTraceElement......Page 830 StackWalker and StackWalker.StackFrame......Page 831 Enum......Page 832 The Comparable Interface......Page 833 The Iterable Interface......Page 834 The AutoCloseable Interface......Page 835 java.lang.annotation......Page 836 java.lang.reflect......Page 837 Chapter 19 java.util Part 1: The Collections Framework......Page 839 Collections Overview......Page 842 The Collection Interfaces......Page 844 The Collection Interface......Page 845 The List Interface......Page 849 The Set Interface......Page 852 The SortedSet Interface......Page 853 The NavigableSet Interface......Page 854 The Queue Interface......Page 855 The Deque Interface......Page 856 The Collection Classes......Page 859 The ArrayList Class......Page 860 The LinkedList Class......Page 866 The HashSet Class......Page 868 The LinkedHashSet Class......Page 870 The TreeSet Class......Page 871 The PriorityQueue Class......Page 872 The ArrayDeque Class......Page 874 The EnumSet Class......Page 875 Accessing a Collection via an Iterator......Page 876 Using an Iterator......Page 878 The For-Each Alternative to Iterators......Page 881 Spliterators......Page 883 Storing User-Defined Classes in Collections......Page 886 Working with Maps......Page 889 The Map Interfaces......Page 890 The Map Classes......Page 899 Comparators......Page 906 Using a Comparator......Page 910 The Collection Algorithms......Page 919 Arrays......Page 929 The Enumeration Interface......Page 937 Vector......Page 938 Stack......Page 945 Dictionary......Page 947 Hashtable......Page 948 Properties......Page 953 Using store( ) and load( )......Page 959 Parting Thoughts on Collections......Page 962 Chapter 20 java.util Part 2: More Utility Classes......Page 963 StringTokenizer......Page 965 BitSet......Page 967 Optional, OptionalDouble, OptionalInt, and OptionalLong......Page 971 Date......Page 975 Calendar......Page 977 GregorianCalendar......Page 982 TimeZone......Page 984 SimpleTimeZone......Page 985 Locale......Page 987 Random......Page 988 Timer and TimerTask......Page 991 Currency......Page 994 The Formatter Constructors......Page 996 The Formatter Methods......Page 997 Formatting Basics......Page 998 Formatting Numbers......Page 1001 Formatting Time and Date......Page 1003 The %n and %% Specifiers......Page 1005 Specifying a Minimum Field Width......Page 1006 Specifying Precision......Page 1008 Using the Format Flags......Page 1009 Justifying Output......Page 1010 The Space, +, 0, and ( Flags......Page 1011 The Uppercase Option......Page 1013 Using an Argument Index......Page 1014 Closing a Formatter......Page 1016 The Scanner Constructors......Page 1017 Scanning Basics......Page 1019 Some Scanner Examples......Page 1022 Setting Delimiters......Page 1029 Other Scanner Features......Page 1031 The ResourceBundle, ListResourceBundle, and PropertyResourceBundle Classes......Page 1033 Miscellaneous Utility Classes and Interfaces......Page 1039 java.util.function......Page 1040 java.util.prefs......Page 1044 java.util.zip......Page 1045 Chapter 21 Input/Output: Exploring java.io......Page 1046 The I/O Classes and Interfaces......Page 1048 File......Page 1050 Directories......Page 1053 Using FilenameFilter......Page 1054 Creating Directories......Page 1056 The AutoCloseable, Closeable, and Flushable Interfaces......Page 1057 Two Ways to Close a Stream......Page 1058 The Byte Streams......Page 1060 InputStream......Page 1061 FileInputStream......Page 1063 FileOutputStream......Page 1066 ByteArrayInputStream......Page 1070 ByteArrayOutputStream......Page 1072 Buffered Byte Streams......Page 1075 SequenceInputStream......Page 1081 PrintStream......Page 1083 DataOutputStream and DataInputStream......Page 1087 RandomAccessFile......Page 1090 Reader......Page 1091 Writer......Page 1092 FileReader......Page 1093 FileWriter......Page 1094 CharArrayReader......Page 1095 CharArrayWriter......Page 1098 BufferedReader......Page 1100 PushbackReader......Page 1102 PrintWriter......Page 1103 The Console Class......Page 1105 Serialization......Page 1107 ObjectOutput......Page 1108 ObjectOutputStream......Page 1109 ObjectInput......Page 1110 ObjectInputStream......Page 1111 A Serialization Example......Page 1113 Stream Benefits......Page 1115 Chapter 22 Exploring NIO......Page 1117 The NIO Classes......Page 1119 Buffers......Page 1120 Channels......Page 1123 Charsets and Selectors......Page 1125 The Path Interface......Page 1126 The Files Class......Page 1128 The Paths Class......Page 1131 The File Attribute Interfaces......Page 1132 Using the NIO System......Page 1134 Use NIO for Channel-Based I/O......Page 1135 Use NIO for Stream-Based I/O......Page 1149 Use NIO for Path and File System Operations......Page 1153 Chapter 23 Networking......Page 1166 Networking Basics......Page 1168 The java.net Networking Classes and Interfaces......Page 1170 Factory Methods......Page 1171 Instance Methods......Page 1172 TCP/IP Client Sockets......Page 1173 URL......Page 1178 URLConnection......Page 1180 HttpURLConnection......Page 1184 TCP/IP Server Sockets......Page 1187 Datagrams......Page 1188 DatagramSocket......Page 1189 DatagramPacket......Page 1190 A Datagram Example......Page 1191 Introducing java.net.http......Page 1193 Three Key Elements......Page 1194 A Simple HTTP Client Example......Page 1198 Things to Explore in java.net.http......Page 1200 Chapter 24 Event Handling......Page 1201 Two Event Handling Mechanisms......Page 1203 Events......Page 1204 Event Sources......Page 1205 Event Classes......Page 1206 The ActionEvent Class......Page 1208 The AdjustmentEvent Class......Page 1209 The ComponentEvent Class......Page 1210 The FocusEvent Class......Page 1211 The InputEvent Class......Page 1212 The ItemEvent Class......Page 1214 The KeyEvent Class......Page 1215 The MouseEvent Class......Page 1216 The MouseWheelEvent Class......Page 1217 The WindowEvent Class......Page 1219 Sources of Events......Page 1220 Event Listener Interfaces......Page 1221 The ComponentListener Interface......Page 1222 The KeyListener Interface......Page 1223 The TextListener Interface......Page 1224 Using the Delegation Event Model......Page 1225 Some Key AWT GUI Concepts......Page 1226 Handling Mouse Events......Page 1227 Handling Keyboard Events......Page 1232 Adapter Classes......Page 1237 Inner Classes......Page 1240 Anonymous Inner Classes......Page 1244 Chapter 25 Introducing the AWT: Working with Windows, Graphics, and Text......Page 1247 AWT Classes......Page 1250 Window Fundamentals......Page 1252 Container......Page 1253 Working with Frame Windows......Page 1254 Setting a Window’s Title......Page 1255 The paint( ) Method......Page 1256 Setting the Foreground and Background Colors......Page 1257 Requesting Repainting......Page 1258 Creating a Frame-Based Application......Page 1259 Introducing Graphics......Page 1260 Drawing Ellipses and Circles......Page 1261 Demonstrating the Drawing Methods......Page 1262 Sizing Graphics......Page 1264 Color Methods......Page 1267 A Color Demonstration Program......Page 1269 Setting the Paint Mode......Page 1271 Working with Fonts......Page 1274 Determining the Available Fonts......Page 1276 Creating and Selecting a Font......Page 1278 Obtaining Font Information......Page 1281 Managing Text Output Using FontMetrics......Page 1283 Chapter 26 Using AWT Controls, Layout Managers, and Menus......Page 1288 Adding and Removing Controls......Page 1291 Labels......Page 1292 Handling Buttons......Page 1295 Applying Check Boxes......Page 1301 Handling Check Boxes......Page 1302 CheckboxGroup......Page 1306 Choice Controls......Page 1309 Handling Choice Lists......Page 1310 Using Lists......Page 1313 Handling Lists......Page 1314 Managing Scroll Bars......Page 1317 Handling Scroll Bars......Page 1318 Using a TextField......Page 1322 Handling a TextField......Page 1323 Using a TextArea......Page 1326 Understanding Layout Managers......Page 1328 FlowLayout......Page 1329 BorderLayout......Page 1330 Using Insets......Page 1333 GridLayout......Page 1335 CardLayout......Page 1337 GridBagLayout......Page 1341 Menu Bars and Menus......Page 1348 Dialog Boxes......Page 1355 A Word About Overriding paint( )......Page 1362 Chapter 27 Images......Page 1363 File Formats......Page 1365 Creating an Image Object......Page 1366 Displaying an Image......Page 1367 Double Buffering......Page 1370 ImageProducer......Page 1373 MemoryImageSource......Page 1374 PixelGrabber......Page 1376 ImageFilter......Page 1380 CropImageFilter......Page 1381 RGBImageFilter......Page 1384 Additional Imaging Classes......Page 1402 Chapter 28 The Concurrency Utilities......Page 1403 java.util.concurrent......Page 1406 Using Synchronization Objects......Page 1408 Semaphore......Page 1409 CountDownLatch......Page 1417 CyclicBarrier......Page 1420 Exchanger......Page 1424 Phaser......Page 1427 Using an Executor......Page 1437 A Simple Executor Example......Page 1439 Using Callable and Future......Page 1441 The TimeUnit Enumeration......Page 1445 Locks......Page 1447 Atomic Operations......Page 1452 Parallel Programming via the Fork/Join Framework......Page 1454 The Main Fork/Join Classes......Page 1455 The Divide-and-Conquer Strategy......Page 1460 A Simple First Fork/Join Example......Page 1461 Understanding the Impact of the Level of Parallelism......Page 1465 An Example that Uses RecursiveTask ......Page 1470 Executing a Task Asynchronously......Page 1473 Determining a Task’s Completion Status......Page 1474 Things to Explore......Page 1475 Some Fork/Join Tips......Page 1477 The Concurrency Utilities Versus Java’s Traditional Approach......Page 1478 Chapter 29 The Stream API......Page 1479 Stream Basics......Page 1481 Stream Interfaces......Page 1482 How to Obtain a Stream......Page 1486 A Simple Stream Example......Page 1487 Reduction Operations......Page 1492 Using Parallel Streams......Page 1495 Mapping......Page 1498 Collecting......Page 1505 Iterators and Streams......Page 1510 Use an Iterator with a Stream......Page 1511 Use Spliterator......Page 1512 More to Explore in the Stream API......Page 1517 Chapter 30 Regular Expressions and Other Packages......Page 1518 Regular Expression Processing......Page 1520 Matcher......Page 1521 Regular Expression Syntax......Page 1522 Demonstrating Pattern Matching......Page 1523 Two Pattern-Matching Options......Page 1531 Reflection......Page 1532 A Simple Client/Server Application Using RMI......Page 1538 Formatting Date and Time with java.text......Page 1543 DateFormat Class......Page 1544 SimpleDateFormat Class......Page 1546 The java.time Time and Date API......Page 1548 Time and Date Fundamentals......Page 1549 Formatting Date and Time......Page 1551 Parsing Date and Time Strings......Page 1555 Other Things to Explore in java.time......Page 1556 Part III Introducing GUI Programming with Swing......Page 1558 Chapter 31 Introducing Swing......Page 1560 The Origins of Swing......Page 1562 Swing Components Are Lightweight......Page 1563 The MVC Connection......Page 1564 Components......Page 1566 Containers......Page 1567 The Swing Packages......Page 1568 A Simple Swing Application......Page 1569 Event Handling......Page 1575 Painting in Swing......Page 1579 Painting Fundamentals......Page 1580 Compute the Paintable Area......Page 1581 A Paint Example......Page 1582 Chapter 32 Exploring Swing......Page 1587 JLabel and ImageIcon......Page 1589 JTextField......Page 1592 JButton......Page 1595 JToggleButton......Page 1599 Check Boxes......Page 1602 Radio Buttons......Page 1605 JTabbedPane......Page 1608 JScrollPane......Page 1611 JList......Page 1614 JComboBox......Page 1619 Trees......Page 1622 JTable......Page 1627 Chapter 33 Introducing Swing Menus......Page 1632 Menu Basics......Page 1634 JMenuBar......Page 1636 JMenu......Page 1638 JMenuItem......Page 1639 Create a Main Menu......Page 1640 Add Mnemonics and Accelerators to Menu Items......Page 1646 Add Images and Tooltips to Menu Items......Page 1649 Use JRadioButtonMenuItem and JCheckBoxMenuItem......Page 1651 Create a Popup Menu......Page 1655 Create a Toolbar......Page 1659 Use Actions......Page 1662 Put the Entire MenuDemo Program Together......Page 1669 Continuing Your Exploration of Swing......Page 1681 Part IV Applying Java......Page 1683 Chapter 34 Java Beans......Page 1686 What Is a Java Bean?......Page 1688 Introspection......Page 1689 Design Patterns for Properties......Page 1690 Design Patterns for Events......Page 1692 Using the BeanInfo Interface......Page 1693 Customizers......Page 1694 The JavaBeans API......Page 1695 MethodDescriptor......Page 1698 A Bean Example......Page 1699 Chapter 35 Introducing Servlets......Page 1704 Background......Page 1706 The Life Cycle of a Servlet......Page 1707 Servlet Development Options......Page 1708 Using Tomcat......Page 1709 Create and Compile the Servlet Source Code......Page 1711 The Servlet API......Page 1712 The javax.servlet Package......Page 1713 The Servlet Interface......Page 1714 The ServletRequest Interface......Page 1715 The ServletResponse Interface......Page 1716 The ServletInputStream Class......Page 1717 Reading Servlet Parameters......Page 1718 The HttpServletRequest Interface......Page 1721 The HttpServletResponse Interface......Page 1722 The HttpSession Interface......Page 1723 The Cookie Class......Page 1724 Handling HTTP Requests and Responses......Page 1726 Handling HTTP GET Requests......Page 1727 Handling HTTP POST Requests......Page 1729 Using Cookies......Page 1730 Session Tracking......Page 1734 Part V Appendixes......Page 1736 Appendix A Using Java’s Documentation Comments......Page 1738 The javadoc Tags......Page 1739 @author......Page 1740 @exception......Page 1741 {@link}......Page 1742 @return......Page 1743 @serialField......Page 1744 @uses......Page 1745 The General Form of a Documentation Comment......Page 1746 An Example that Uses Documentation Comments......Page 1747 Appendix B Introducing JShell......Page 1750 JShell Basics......Page 1751 List, Edit, and Rerun Code......Page 1754 Add a Method......Page 1755 Create a Class......Page 1757 Use an Interface......Page 1758 Evaluate Expressions and Use Built-in Variables......Page 1760 Importing Packages......Page 1761 Some More JShell Commands......Page 1762 Exploring JShell Further......Page 1763 Appendix C Compile and Run Simple Single-File Programs in One Step......Page 1765 Index......Page 1768 The Definitive Guide To Java Programming—thoroughly Revised For Long-term Support Release Java Se 11 Fully Updated For The Current Version Of Java, Java Se 11, This Practical Guide From Oracle Press Shows, Step By Step, How To Design, Write, Troubleshoot, Run, And Maintain High-performance Java Programs. Inside, Bestselling Author Herbert Schildt Covers The Entire Java Language, Including Its Syntax, Keywords, And Libraries. The Book Lays Out Cutting-edge Programming Techniques And Best Practices. Java: The Complete Reference, Eleventh Edition Features Clear Explanations, Detailed Code Samples, And Real-world Examples That Demonstrate How Java Can Be Put To Work In The Real World. Javabeans, Servlets, Applets, Swing, Lambda Expressions, Multithreading, And The Default Interface Method Are Thoroughly Discussed. You Will Get Full Details On All Of The New Features And Functions Available In Java Se 11. •designed For Novice, Intermediate, And Professional Programmers Alike•source Code For All Examples And Projects Are Available For Download•written In The Clear, Uncompromising Style Herb Schildt Is Famous For