Java I/O (Java Series)

All of Java's Input/Output (I/O) facilities are based on streams, which provide simple ways to read and write data of different types. Java provides many different kinds of streams, each with its own application. The universe of streams is divided into four large input streams and output streams, for reading and writing binary data; and readers and writers, for reading and writing textual (character) data. You're almost certainly familiar with the basic kinds of streams--but did you know that there's a CipherInputStream for reading encrypted data? And a ZipOutputStream for automatically compressing data? Do you know how to use buffered streams effectively to make your I/O operations more efficient? Java I/O tells you all you ever need to know about streams--and probably more.A discussion of I/O wouldn't be complete without treatment of character sets and formatting. Java supports the UNICODE standard, which provides definitions for the character sets of most written languages. Consequently, Java is the first programming language that lets you do I/O in virtually any language. Java also provides a sophisticated model for formatting textual and numeric data. Java I/O shows you how to control number formatting, use characters aside from the standard (but outdated) ASCII character set, and get a head start on writing truly multilingual software. Java I/O Cover......Page 1 Table of Contents......Page 3 Dedication......Page 7 Correcting Misconceptions......Page 8 Organization of the Book......Page 10 Versions......Page 15 Conventions Used in This Book......Page 16 Request for Comments......Page 18 Acknowledgments......Page 19 I: Basic I/O......Page 20 1.1 What Is a Stream?......Page 21 1.2 Numeric Data......Page 24 1.3 Character Data......Page 27 1.4 Readers and Writers......Page 31 1.5 The Ubiquitous IOException......Page 32 1.6 The Console: System.out, System.in, and System.err......Page 33 1.7 Security Checks on I/O......Page 39 2.2 Writing Bytes to Output Streams......Page 41 2.3 Writing Arrays of Bytes......Page 43 2.4 Flushing and Closing Output Streams......Page 44 2.5 Subclassing OutputStream......Page 45 2.6 A Graphical User Interface for Output Streams......Page 46 3.2 The read( ) Method......Page 49 3.3 Reading Chunks of Data from a Stream......Page 51 3.4 Counting the Available Bytes......Page 52 3.6 Closing Input Streams......Page 53 3.8 Subclassing InputStream......Page 54 3.9 An Efficient Stream Copier......Page 55 II: Data Sources......Page 57 4.1 Reading Files......Page 58 4.2 Writing Files......Page 60 4.3 File Viewer, Part 1......Page 63 5.1 URLs......Page 67 5.2 URL Connections......Page 69 5.3 Sockets......Page 72 5.4 Server Sockets......Page 75 5.5 URLViewer......Page 78 III: Filter Streams......Page 81 6.1 The Filter Stream Classes......Page 82 6.2 The Filter Stream Subclasses......Page 87 6.3 Buffered Streams......Page 88 6.4 PushbackInputStream......Page 90 6.5 Print Streams......Page 91 6.6 Multitarget Output Streams......Page 92 6.7 File Viewer, Part 2......Page 96 7.1 The Data Stream Classes......Page 103 7.2 Reading and Writing Integers......Page 105 7.3 Reading and Writing Floating-Point Numbers......Page 110 7.5 Reading Byte Arrays......Page 113 7.6 Reading and Writing Text......Page 114 7.8 Reading and Writing Little-Endian Numbers......Page 118 7.9 Thread Safety......Page 130 7.10 File Viewer, Part 3......Page 131 8.1 Sequence Input Streams......Page 138 8.2 Byte Array Streams......Page 139 8.3 Communicating Between Threads with Piped Streams......Page 142 9.1 Inflaters and Deflaters......Page 147 9.2 Compressing and Decompressing Streams......Page 159 9.3 Working with Zip Files......Page 166 9.4 Checksums......Page 179 9.5 JAR Files......Page 183 9.6 File Viewer, Part 4......Page 196 10.1 Hash Function Basics......Page 200 10.2 The MessageDigest Class......Page 202 10.3 Digest Streams......Page 210 10.4 Encryption Basics......Page 216 10.5 The Cipher Class......Page 219 10.6 Cipher Streams......Page 233 10.7 File Viewer, Part 5......Page 238 IV: Advanced and Miscellaneous Topics......Page 243 11.1 Reading and Writing Objects......Page 244 11.2 Object Streams......Page 245 11.3 How Object Serialization Works......Page 246 11.5 The Serializable Interface......Page 248 11.6 The ObjectInput and ObjectOutput Interfaces......Page 254 11.7 Versioning......Page 256 11.8 Customizing the Serialization Format......Page 258 11.9 Resolving Classes......Page 267 11.11 Validation......Page 268 11.12 Sealed Objects......Page 270 12.1 Understanding Files......Page 274 12.2 Directories and Paths......Page 281 12.3 The File Class......Page 287 12.4 Filename Filters......Page 306 12.5 File Filters......Page 307 12.6 File Descriptors......Page 308 12.7 Random-Access Files......Page 309 12.8 General Techniques for Cross-Platform File Access Code......Page 311 13.1 File Dialogs......Page 313 13.2 JFileChooser......Page 320 13.3 File Viewer, Part 6......Page 338 14.1 Unicode......Page 344 14.2 Displaying Unicode Text......Page 345 14.3 Unicode Escapes......Page 352 14.4 UTF-8......Page 353 14.5 The char Data Type......Page 355 14.6 Other Encodings......Page 363 14.7 Converting Between Byte Arrays and Strings......Page 364 15.1 The java.io.Writer Class......Page 367 15.2 The OutputStreamWriter Class......Page 368 15.3 The java.io.Reader Class......Page 370 15.4 The InputStreamReader Class......Page 372 15.5 Character Array Readers and Writers......Page 373 15.6 String Readers and Writers......Page 376 15.7 Reading and Writing Files......Page 379 15.8 Buffered Readers and Writers......Page 381 15.9 Print Writers......Page 385 15.10 Piped Readers and Writers......Page 387 15.11 Filtered Readers and Writers......Page 388 15.12 File Viewer Finis......Page 393 16.1 The Old Way......Page 402 16.2 Choosing a Locale......Page 404 16.3 Number Formats......Page 407 16.4 Specifying Width with FieldPosition......Page 415 16.5 Parsing Input......Page 419 16.6 Decimal Formats......Page 421 16.7 An Exponential Number Format......Page 430 17.1 The Architecture of the Java Communications API......Page 436 17.2 Identifying Ports......Page 437 17.3 Communicating with a Device on a Port......Page 444 17.4 Serial Ports......Page 450 17.5 Parallel Ports......Page 459 V: Appendixes......Page 465 A.2 Design Patterns......Page 466 A.4 Network Programming......Page 467 A.6 Encryption and Related Technology......Page 468 A.8 International Character Sets and Unicode......Page 469 A.10 Updates and Breaking News......Page 470 B. Character Sets......Page 472 Colophon......Page 479 All of Java's Input/Output (I/O) facilities are based on streams. This text explains streams, which provide simple ways to read and write data of different types. It demonstrates number formatting, use of characters other than the ASCII character set, and writing multilingual software.