Japan's Asia Policy: Regional Security And Global Interests (politics In Asia)

This volume provides a timely and expert analysis of Japan's Asia policy as the country continues to address the future through trying to cope with the burden of a chequered past. Dr Mendl locates his expostion of Japan's policy towards both North-East and South-East Asia in a full historical and cultural context and importantly takes due account of the underlying and potent factor of national identity in shaping international outlook. He begins his study with a discussion of the enigma of Japanese policy expressed in debate over whether or not that policy expresses a calculated grand design. A corresponding enigma emerges in Dr Mendl's exposition of Japan's policy towards a part of the world with which it shares a geographical location and a measure of identity but one which, he maintains, cannot be separated from its engagement at the global level. In exploring the theme of how Japan is confronted by the problem of reconcling its relations with Asia with pursuing a global role in unchartered post-Cold War waters, Dr.Mendl makes a lucid and scholarly contribution to the debate about Japan's place in a world which it has helped to shape through its economic performance and example. Social Sciences Book Cover 1 Half-Title 2 Title 5 Copyright 6 Contents 7 Foreword 10 Preface and acknowledgements 11 Preface to the paperback edition 14 Tables 17 Abbreviations 18 Japanese names 20 Source: Issues in Japan’s China Policy (London: Macmillan for The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1978)Reproduced with minor alterations by permission of The Royal Institute of International Affairs and Macmillan Press Limited 21 1 Introduction 23 THE ENIGMA OF JAPANESE POLICY 23 REGIONALISM VERSUS GLOBALISM 26 METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 28 SUMMARY 32 2 The historical dimension of Japan’s Asia policy 34 THE EARLY PERIOD 34 THE TOKUGAWA ERA (1603–1868) 37 THE FIRST STAGE OF MODERNIZATION (1868–1945) 40 THE SECOND STAGE OF MODERNIZATION (1945–89) 44 A CHRONOLOGY OF THE POST-WAR SECURITY DEBATE IN JAPAN 50 SUMMARY 53 3 The breakdown of the post-war international system and its impact on Japan’s Asia policy 55 THE BREAKDOWN OF THE POST-WAR ECONOMIC ORDER 55 THE COLLAPSE OF THE COLD WAR STRUCTURES 57 THE CONSEQUENCES 58 4 Regional interests and policy in North-East Asia 64 INTRODUCTION 64 RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA1 65 RELATIONS WITH KOREA 73 RELATIONS WITH CHINA/TAIWAN 86 SUMMARY 98 5 Regional interests and policy in South-East Asia 102 INTRODUCTION 102 BILATERAL RELATIONS 103 RELATIONS WITH ASEAN 109 RELATIONS WITH VIETNAM AND INDOCHINA 116 SUMMARY 121 6 Regional policy in the global context 125 INTRODUCTION 125 THE SHIFTING FOREIGN POLICY DEBATE 126 THE DOMESTIC DIMENSIONS 130 JAPAN’S OPTIONS 138 The alliance with the United States 139 A multilateral security organization 143 The global dimension 145 MAKING THE CHOICE 148 Isolation 148 A major international role 149 An Asia policy 152 A balanced policy 153 7 Conclusion 156 Appendix I Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States of America and Japan, Washington DC, 19 January 1960 160 Appendix II Treaty of Peace with Japan, 8 September 1951 163 CHAPTER I PEACE 163 Article 1 163 CHAPTER II TERRITORY 164 Article 2 164 Article 3 164 Article 4 164 CHAPTER III SECURITY 165 Article 5 165 Article 6 166 CHAPTER IV POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CLAUSES 166 Article 7 166 Article 8 167 Article 9 167 Article 10 167 Article 11 167 Article 12 168 Article 13 169 CHAPTER V CLAIMS AND PROPERTY 169 Article 14 169 Article 15 171 Article 16 172 Article 17 173 Article 18 173 Article 19 174 Article 20 175 Article 21 175 CHAPTER VI SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 175 Article 22 175 CHAPTER VII FINAL CLAUSES 175 Article 23 175 Article 24 176 Article 25 176 Article 26 176 Article 27 177 Appendix III Japan-Korea Treaty on Basic Relations,* Tokyo, 22 June 1965 178 TREATY ON BASIC RELATIONS BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA 178 Article I 179 Article II 179 Article III 179 Article IV 179 Article V 179 Article VI 179 Article VII 180 AGREEMENT BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA CONCERNING FISHERIES,* Tokyo, 22 June 1965 180 Article I 181 Article II 181 Article III 181 Article IV 182 Article V 182 Article VI 182 Article VII 183 Article VIII 184 Article IX 184 Article X 185 AGREEMENT BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA CONCERNING THE SETTLEMENT OF PROBLEMS IN REGARD TO PROPERTY AND CLAIMS AND ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION,* Tokyo, 22 June 1965 185 Article I 186 Article II 187 Article III 187 Article IV 188 AGREEMENT BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA CONCERNING THE LEGAL STATUS AND TREATMENT OF THE PEOPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA RESIDING IN JAPAN,* Tokyo, 22 June 1965 188 Article I 189 Article II 190 Article III 190 Article IV 191 Article V 191 Article VI 191 Appendix IV Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People’s Republic of China, 12 August 1978 192 Appendix V Japan-U.S. Joint Declaration on Security— Alliance for the 21st Century, Tokyo, 17 April 1996 194 THE REGIONAL OUTLOOK 194 THE JAPAN-U.S. ALLIANCE AND THE TREATY OF MUTUAL COOPERATION AND SECURITY 195 BILATERAL COOPERATION UNDER THE JAPAN-U.S. SECURITY RELATIONSHIP 196 REGIONAL COOPERATION 197 GLOBAL COOPERATION 198 CONCLUSION 198 NOTES 199 Select bibliography of books in English 210 INDEX 213 Book Cover......Page 1 Half-Title......Page 2 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Foreword......Page 10 Preface and acknowledgements......Page 11 Preface to the paperback edition......Page 14 Tables......Page 17 Abbreviations......Page 18 Japanese names......Page 20 Source: Issues in Japan’s China Policy (London: Macmillan for The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1978)Reproduced with minor alterations by permission of The Royal Institute of International Affairs and Macmillan Press Limited......Page 21 THE ENIGMA OF JAPANESE POLICY......Page 23 REGIONALISM VERSUS GLOBALISM......Page 26 METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS......Page 28 SUMMARY......Page 32 THE EARLY PERIOD......Page 34 THE TOKUGAWA ERA (1603–1868)......Page 37 THE FIRST STAGE OF MODERNIZATION (1868–1945)......Page 40 THE SECOND STAGE OF MODERNIZATION (1945–89)......Page 44 A CHRONOLOGY OF THE POST-WAR SECURITY DEBATE IN JAPAN......Page 50 SUMMARY......Page 53 THE BREAKDOWN OF THE POST-WAR ECONOMIC ORDER......Page 55 THE COLLAPSE OF THE COLD WAR STRUCTURES......Page 57 THE CONSEQUENCES......Page 58 INTRODUCTION......Page 64 RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA1......Page 65 RELATIONS WITH KOREA......Page 73 RELATIONS WITH CHINA/TAIWAN......Page 86 SUMMARY......Page 98 INTRODUCTION......Page 102 BILATERAL RELATIONS......Page 103 RELATIONS WITH ASEAN......Page 109 RELATIONS WITH VIETNAM AND INDOCHINA......Page 116 SUMMARY......Page 121 INTRODUCTION......Page 125 THE SHIFTING FOREIGN POLICY DEBATE......Page 126 THE DOMESTIC DIMENSIONS......Page 130 JAPAN’S OPTIONS......Page 138 The alliance with the United States......Page 139 A multilateral security organization......Page 143 The global dimension......Page 145 Isolation......Page 148 A major international role......Page 149 An Asia policy......Page 152 A balanced policy......Page 153 7 Conclusion......Page 156 Appendix I Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States of America and Japan, Washington DC, 19 January 1960......Page 160 Article 1......Page 163 Article 4......Page 164 Article 5......Page 165 Article 7......Page 166 Article 11......Page 167 Article 12......Page 168 Article 14......Page 169 Article 15......Page 171 Article 16......Page 172 Article 18......Page 173 Article 19......Page 174 Article 23......Page 175 Article 26......Page 176 Article 27......Page 177 TREATY ON BASIC RELATIONS BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA......Page 178 Article VI......Page 179 AGREEMENT BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA CONCERNING FISHERIES,* Tokyo, 22 June 1965......Page 180 Article III......Page 181 Article VI......Page 182 Article VII......Page 183 Article IX......Page 184 AGREEMENT BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA CONCERNING THE SETTLEMENT OF PROBLEMS IN REGARD TO PROPERTY AND CLAIMS AND ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION,* Tokyo, 22 June 1965......Page 185 Article I......Page 186 Article III......Page 187 AGREEMENT BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA CONCERNING THE LEGAL STATUS AND TREATMENT OF THE PEOPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA RESIDING IN JAPAN,* Tokyo, 22 June 1965......Page 188 Article I......Page 189 Article III......Page 190 Article VI......Page 191 Appendix IV Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People’s Republic of China, 12 August 1978......Page 192 THE REGIONAL OUTLOOK......Page 194 THE JAPAN-U.S. ALLIANCE AND THE TREATY OF MUTUAL COOPERATION AND SECURITY......Page 195 BILATERAL COOPERATION UNDER THE JAPAN-U.S. SECURITY RELATIONSHIP......Page 196 REGIONAL COOPERATION......Page 197 CONCLUSION......Page 198 NOTES......Page 199 Select bibliography of books in English......Page 210 INDEX......Page 213 "From the end of the Second World War to the end of the Cold War Japan had little room for manoeuvre in terms of conducting its foreign policy because of its close association with the United States. Beneath the surface, however, Japan sought to develop an independent policy towards Asia. In the 1990s it can no longer count on the Cold War structures to provide the frame of reference for its foreign policy." "Wolf Mendl explains the historical roots of Japan's foreign policy, especially the Asia-versus-the-West debate. The book provides a readable and up-to-date analysis of Japan's relations with the countries of North-East and South-East Asia. It also makes comparisons with the policies of powers of equal status in the post-war world. Various policy options are discussed as well as the determinants and characteristics which are likely to govern the conduct of Japan's external relations." "The book underlines the importance of the international environment in shaping the direction of Japan's foreign policy. It has become part of the Japanese tradition in the post-war era to steer the ship of state with the view to keeping open as many options as possible and adjusting to circumstances as they arise." --Book Jacket This volume provides a timely and expert analysis of Japan's Asia policy as the country continues to address the future through trying to cope with the burden of a chequered past. Dr Mendl locates his expostion of Japan's policy towards both North-East and South-East Asia in a full historical and cultural context and importantly takes due account of the underlying and potent factor of national identity in shaping international outlook. He begins his study with a discussion of the enigma of Japanese policy expressed in debate over whether or not that policy expresses a calculated grand design. A corresponding enigma emerges in Dr Mendl's exposition of Japan's policy towards a part of the world with which it shares a geographical location and a measure of identity but one which, he maintains, cannot be separated from its engagement at the global level. In exploring the theme of how Japan is confronted by the problem of reconcling its relations with Asia with pursuing a global role in unchartered post-Cold War waters, Dr. Mendl makes a lucid and scholarly contribution to the debate about Japan's place in a world which it has helped to shape through its economic performance and example Japan drifted along the currents of international politics in the post-war era without any particular purpose or sense of direction; or so it seemed in contrast to other states of similar importance. Mendl explains the historical roots of Japan's foreign policy, especially the Asia-versus-the-West debate, and underlines the importance of the international environment in shaping its direction